Repositório RCAAP

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

This dissertation presents a stud on the resumed of Byzantine Iconography in the Roman Catholic Church in a particular manner in Brazil as an answer to the search for a return to Christian liturgical sources proposed by the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). To understand this phenomenon, we will know the genesis of this style of sacred art from the 4th Century, the theological conflicts that arose around the pictorial representation of God, its canonical deferment in Ecumenical Council in the 8th Century and the role of the iconographer, the writer icons, as minister of the Church through art. Because this artistic style is an expression of the Catholic faith, it will be known the scopes of theology that underlie that, the sacred as a manifestation of the absolute, and the bases that assure the continued sacramental presence of the one that in the icon is evoked. Philosophical scopes are also contemplated, and sacred geometric symbols and colors too. After knowing the elements and the history of this artistic style, it will be possible to analyze the arrival of this art in contemporary Catholic Christian liturgical spaces, taking into consideration that these, like the faithful, are marked by a devotional baroque culture. Some artistic works are also presented that represent some Brazilian iconographers in the most diverse regions of the country. It was used the following methodology: the bibliographic method with a qualitative approach, field research and interviews with iconographers and liturgists. The principal goal of this research is to investigate the strong return of the Byzantine icons, art of the first Christian millennium, in current contemporary sacred pictorial productions of Brazil, either in a stylized way or in the traditional technique. In the context of the history of Eastern and Western culture, in their liturgical-doctrinal communication, concepts on liturgical liturgical art are presented through reflections of some authors such as Donadeo (1996), Evdokimov (1990), Gharib (1997), Pastro (2010), Floriênski (2012), Mondzain (2013), Tommaso (2017), among others

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Regional companies that operate in the Brazilian sanitation sector face several challenges when pursuing productivity improvement and service coverage expansion. It is believed that technological innovation can help companies to overcome those challenges. Considering the resources restrictions related to the sanitation business in Brazil regional companies should leverage their innovation processes seeking productivity enhancement and innovation management plays a crucial role in pursuing it. The Open Innovation model assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology. This study aimed at analyzes innovation management in Brazilian sanitation companies and identify open innovation practices in its R&D processes. This study is of a descriptive and exploratory nature and data was collected through interviews with R&D managers. The use of a semi-structured script and the contents analysis procedure of the data gathered led to the study’s main results. Results showed that companies in the sanitation sector intentionally uses external knowledge flows to leverage their innovation processes, mainly through university partnerships and supplier cooperation. It was also identified that those companies have high levels of absortive capacity.

A presente monografia tem como tema a possibilidade do reconhecimento do poliamor e dos efeitos jurídicos reservados às relações familiares aos relacionamentos poliafetivos. Primeiro se fará uma análise histórica tanto do conceito de família, tanto na sua dimensão social quanto cultural, abordando o surgimento do conceito de poliamor e sua gradativa expansão no imaginário popular. Depois se analisará a evolução do direito de família e as conquistas e mudanças que os indivíduos galgaram em relação a sua individualidade, principalmente as mulheres e os que viviam em relações informais, do Código Civil de 1916 ao de 2002. Após, será realizado um estudo dos princípios constitucionais e da hermenêutica para se entender uma possível linha de interpretação que possibilite o reconhecimento do poliamor. Depois disso, estudando os institutos familiares já existentes, tentar traçar um paralelo entre o poliamor e os dispositivos já existentes em nosso ordenamento jurídico. Por fim, será realizado um panorama sobre a situação atual do poliamor, suas conquistas e a decisão recente do Conselho Nacional de Justiça sobre as lavraturas de reconhecimento de uniões estáveis poliamorosas. Ao abordar o entendimento jurisprudencial no país, pelo fato da temática do poliamor ainda não ter chegado aos nossos tribunais, decidiu-se analisar a posição dos magistrados em relação ao instituto familiar em que o poliamor mais se confunde, as uniões estáveis paralelas, não para se traçar um paralelo entre os dois tipos de relacionamentos, que são diferentes entre si, mas para tentar captar os argumentos que possivelmente serão utilizados pelos julgadores no momento de análise do tema.

This study investigates what Naïf Art is, which are its variations and main artists. The most important question is the definition of the object of the study. This research offers a view of some international and Brazilians art critics that studied the subject. Some of the articles about the subject are not academic papers but art catalogues focused in selling art works or catalogues from private museums or collections. All these information is joined to establish quotations and qualified reflections about visual works that are categorizes as Naïf Art. The most important event in this art area the Bienal Naifs do Brasil, that takes place in Piracicaba, in São Paulo State, Brazil, since 1992. This study offers an analysis of art researchers, jury members and art curators that have taken part in the last ten editions of the event (1992-2010). The idea is to seek and discuss this kind of information to understand what Naïf Art is. The idea also This study investigates what Naïf Art is, which are its variations and main artists. The most important question is the definition of the object of the study. This research offers a view of some international and Brazilians art critics that studied the subject. Some of the articles about the subject are not academic papers but art catalogues focused in selling art works or catalogues from private museums or collections. All these information is joined to establish quotations and qualified reflections about visual works that are categorizes as Naïf Art. The most important event in this art area the Bienal Naïfs do Brasil, that takes place in Piracicaba, in São Paulo State, Brazil, since 1992. This study offers an analysis of art researchers, jury members and art curators that have taken part in the last ten editions of the event (1992-2010). The idea is to seek and discuss this kind of information to understand what Naïf Art is. The idea also is to analyze art works that are called Naïf. The study also offers comments about the main artists that have taken part in the Piracicaba Bienal editions since 1992.

Supercapacitors are present in almost all kinds of electronic devices that we use in our everyday lives. Applications in systems for storing energy generated from clean sources and for powering electric cars, computers and the new self-sufficient microdevices, require, however, a new generation of capacitive materials. It is necessary to develop supercapacitors with higher capacitive density, better rate capability and that maintain the capacitance over several cycles. To address this problem, a novel approach has shown to be promising: the combination of materials of different capacitive mechanisms in ternary composites. From this strategy, it has been observed that the synergy of three materials leads to higher capacitive properties. Thus, in this work will be presented a novel ternary nanocomposite based on polythiophene, reduced graphene oxide and manganese dioxide. Both the components and the nanocomposite were obtained through simple, economical and efficient chemical routes. Adaptations in the method of obtaining the reduced graphene oxide resulted in a higher quality material. Manganese dioxide has been synthesized by an innovative route that presents advantages over the most used ones. At the end, the synergy of the three components led to singular and enhanced properties of energy storage in the nanocomposite compared to the pure polythiophene: the capacitance was 230% higher than that of the polymer with improved cyclic stability in the first 100 cycles of charge and discharge.

The Pinacoteca de São Paulo has a collection of artworks by Brazilian artists dating from the 17th century to the present. An important part of the collection consists of weathering steel sculptures displayed in different internal and external spaces. Besides offering good resistance to corrosion, weathering steels are extensively used in outdoor sculptures and built structures, due to its attractive appearance and self-regenerating capacity. By identifying the materials that compose an artwork and the phenomena that might occur on a given surface, it is possible to carry out preventive conservation actions in the short, medium and long terms. Initially, a visual analysis was performed on each individual work, as well as an accurate identification of the metals with the aid of handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Afterwards samples were collected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis, which identified different oxides formed on their surfaces. In order to obtain more precise results regarding the elements that compose the works, a new process of identification in situ was carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The results reveal the predominance of goethite α-FeOOH, lepidocrocite γ-FeOOH and akaganeite β-FeOOH which shows the influence of the environmental conditions to which the artworks are exposed in the formation of the oxides that form the superficial patina. Moreover, the findings also point to the identification of akaganeite in a number of works where the conditions of the natural environment are not usually favourable for its formation. From this study it was possible to identify the environmental conditions in which the works suffer greater deterioration and the actual causes of this deterioration, enabling future actions and decisions concerning to the preventive conservation of these works, such as not applying coats of wax or varnish for protection.

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Science, Technology and innovation are fundamental to the development of a nation. Moreover, they determine the future of a society. It is an issue that pertain to the State, guaranteed by the Federal Constitution, independently of ideologies and governs. Investments Science, Technology and Innovation are not convention public expenses, they are risk investments and the interventions of the state in essencial. Thus, this study analyses the situation of innovation in Brazil, studyind first the reality of the Global Value Chains and the Industry 4.0, to study then the mains laws, policies and incentives to innovation.

In this study, the urbanization of favelas in the city of São Paulo is examined from two perspectives: the paths taken by public policies for favelas and the experience with the Guarapiranga Basin Environmental Sanitation Program and its contribution to the building of a methodology for urbanization projects, covering the period from 1980 to the present day. The first part of the study seeks to understand the favela phenomenon in the city of São Paulo, its origins, transformations and its consolidation as an integral element of urban morphology. Articles published in the city s principal newspapers serve as reference for understanding society s level of acceptance of the public policies implanted by city hall. This part also includes the study of the contribution of the main international bodies, with a tradition of financing favela urbanization programs, to the building of a body of thought about the urbanization of favelas and their influence on local programs. Finally, a study is made of the programs implanted in the city of São Paulo and the transformations they have been undergoing over the years and under different administrations at the head of city hall. The second part of the study analyses the experience with the Guarapiranga Program and its contribution to the building of a wide-ranging and multisectorial public policy, focusing on its contribution to the building of a methodology for favela urbanization projects, with a view chiefly to their transformation into districts integrated within the formal city.

In Brazil, a quite expressive number of people - as a matter of fact all the population between the socioeconomic elite, which is able to pay the charges of competent lawyers with its own resources, and a huge popular bulk which relies on the public judicial assistance does not have access to judicial support. It happens because of their monthly income (around three minimum salaries); due to their income they do not have the right for public assistance and on the other side no money enough for a private service. However, the admittance to justice is a guaranteed right in the Constitution of 1988. First, we emphasize the access to a lawyer as sine qua non condition to make possible that all Brazilians would have a satisfactory customer support (and consequently, to fulfill the constitutional guarantee), we propose the resource socalled third sector under the supervision or regulation of the Public Defender itself. We then understand that the inclusion of all Brazilian people in the range of the judicial support, which is made possible by the association between the State and the third sector, fulfilling the constitutional right, will turn individuals into citizens and will establish a real democratization of justice.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

The present work is an attempt to evaluate the decisions rendered by the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the administrative body responsible for defending free competition in Brazil related to industrial property and anticompetitive conducts. We select a series of judgments delivered between 1994 and 2012, period in which the liberalization of internal market allowed the exercise of free enterprise and competition. In order to provide a better understanding of the issue, we performed a brief study approaching the industrial property as a competitive advantage face to traditional views that see it as a Right in Rem or Monopoly legally assured.

This work’s purpose is to discuss the constitution of discursive ethos and the enunciation scenes in four religious’ hymns, which composition belongs to Sarah Poulton Kalley. The lyrics were written in 1873 aimed to be applied in study classes. The research’s theoretical foundation is inserted in the French Discourse Analysis, specifically in Dominique Maingueneau contributions (1995, 1996, 1997, 2006, 2013), since the methodology applied by this author proposes the analysis of language considering its exteriority in socio-historical conditions. This research objective is the examination of ethos’s construction methods, learning Sarah Kalley’s life and work as well as its importance to Brazilian protestant hymnology, aside from analyzing the hymns composed by the author utilizing enunciative scenes notions as a basis. None the less, the study seeks to investigate the socio-historical context in the 19th century, in order to comprehend how the religious enunciator identity is constructed in discursive ethos present at the compositions. The research presents itself with social and academical value, as it amplifies studies about the insertion of Protestantism in Brazil and the relevant contribution of one of the greatest composers in the Brazilian Christian hymnology. For this work major enrichment, the analyses will receive a sociological regard on Pierre Bourdieu’s perspective at this field, habitus and capital. It becomes thus possible to understand how protestants hymns had acceptance in Brazilian religious field and how it collaborated to the formation of a new religious ethos. It is worth highlighting that although other works emphasize the musical importance also as a constitutional element of ethos, this work is limited to emphasize the verbal dimension only. The theoretical-methodological options and the historical outline defined to the selection of corpus are justified by the importance of hymnology on protestants churches growth in the 19th century’s second half. Through the proposed ministrations, the analysis allows to observe that the enunciator ethos communicates with the social ethical-religious’ world view and corresponds to the religious individual yearnings who longs for a personal connection with the divine.

The present work is the matureness of the research for new primary/basic trainer aircraft requirements to substitute the current Brazilian made Universal Neiva T-25C. These aircrafts are at the end of their service life with the Brazilian Air Force and, at the moment, there are no substitutes to act as a replacement trainer to the Braziliam Air Force Academy (AFA) cadets. In the search for requirements and standards to define the characteristics of the new trainer, the author took advantage of a Systems Engineering analysis methodology with which, under a more holistic and macro point - of - view, he highlighted three main aspects of the instruction system: man, machine and method. The work begins with the definition of the interfaces among engineering, design and architecture; after that there is an exposition of the objectives and a national private (civilian) and military flight training programs review, in order to emphasize the problems and build up the hypotheses and the thesis. After the analysis and comparison of the Brazilian system with the USAF (United States Air Force) program, a change in the Brazilian flight training program was discussed, which would start with an initial flight instruction phase using light aircraft. This new revised program would contribute for the reduction of the attrition number (elimination of cadets not suited to flying in the training process) and would save hundreds of thousands of reais per year of the tax payers money. A research was done with the Brazilian Air Force Academy instructors, aiming to reveal the real facts, problems and characteristics for a hypothetic brand new trainer aircraft. There is still an analysis of the systems engineering process and its role in the aeronautical industry. In the final part of this work, a comparative study of commercially available trainer aircraft can be found. The trade study aims to establish a scenario for the changes in the present training system and the adoption of the light aircraft as an initial trainer. The requirements extracted from the reports review and the instructor survey can help future works concerning aircraft selection or the design of a new trainer aircraft.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The problem of the morosidade of the Judiciary Brazilian is unanimous who elapses of innumerable factors, as the extreme increase of demands thanks to the population awareness for the incessant search of its rights, excess of formalism, disinterest of some servers, inadequate legislation, and other questions of social, economic matrix and politician. At last, it does not have as if to point such question, without internal and external factors to the process are appreciated. In such a way, the present work does not have the pretension to solve the clutter current of the installment of the jurisdictional guardianship, intimamente on question to the access to justice and procedural celeridade. One searchs to point some ways for the solution of the problem, being identified its origins. The idea of the workmanship was born for the importance of the subject that is intimamente on to the citizenship, a time that a Judiciary weak person is incapable to satisfy the yearning social, bringing reflected of most maleficent.

Theories about capital structure suggest several variables that might determinate financing decisions. In general, the studies use cross-section or time series analysis to test these determinants. This study aimed to analyze some of the supposed determinants of capital structure of the larger Brazilian firms, under the lights of the two main theories, the Trade-Off Theory and the Pecking Order Theory, testing the validity of their assumption in the local market. This is an adaptation of the paper of Gaud et al., (2005) developed with Swiss firms, which was used to choose some variables and the Panel Data methodology. Dynamic tests were performed in order to analyze the adjustment process toward a supposed optimal target debit-to-equity ratio, as suggested by other studies that focused on the dynamics of the capital structure decisions. The results show that leverage is negatively associated with the level of tangible assets and profitability, while risk is positively associated with leverage. It was found also that foreign companies present higher debit level than Brazilian owned companies. In general, results suggest that the Pecking Order Theory is more consistent than the Trade-Off Theory to explain the capital structure of the larger Brazilian firms. The dynamic analysis showed a slow adjustment process toward the supposed target debit ratio, suggesting the existence of high transactional costs and giving more evidences to a Pecking Order behavior of managers.