Repositório RCAAP

Objectives This pilot study, within the REPROSTAT 2 Project, aimed at investigating the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of school-based youths in four countries of the European Union. Methods Students of either sex, aged between 16 and 19 years and entering grade 10, 11 or 12 during the 2005–2006 school year participated in a cross sectional survey. A structured questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of students from selected schools in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia and Portugal. Results In each country, more than three quarters of respondents had previously had a boyfriend or girlfriend and almost half had heterosexual intercourse. More than 85% of sexually experienced youths in each country had used contraception at coital debut. Mean age at coital debut varied between 15.2 (Belgium) and 16.4 years (Czech Republic). While 51% of respondents in Estonia knew of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, the corresponding figure in Portugal was only 12%. Conclusions Sexual activity is common among school-going youths in all four countries. This highlights the need for Member States to systematically collect indicators of SRH in this population. Use of a common measurement framework can inform the establishment of common targets for joint initiatives such as reducing teenage pregnancy and STIs in adolescents.

Past research has suggested that parents' ability to recognize their children's emotions is associated with an enhanced quality of parent–child interactions and appropriateness of parental caregiving behavior. Although this association has also been examined in abusive and neglectful parents, the results are mixed and do not adequately address child neglect. Based on the Social Information Processing model of child abuse and neglect, we examined the association between mothers' ability to recognize children's emotions and self‐ and professionals‐reported child abuse and neglect. The ability to recognize children's emotions was assessed with an implicit valence classification task and an emotion labeling task. A convenience sample of 166 mothers (78 with at least one child referred to Child Protection Services) completed the tasks. Child abuse and neglect were measured with self‐report and professionals‐report instruments. The moderating role of mothers' intellectual functioning and socioeconomic status were also examined. Results revealed that abusive mothers performed more poorly on the negative emotions recognition task, while neglectful mothers demonstrated a lower overall ability in recognizing children's emotions. When classifying the valence of emotions, mothers who obtained higher scores on child neglect presented a higher positivity bias particularly when their scores in measures of intellectual functioning were low. There was no moderation effect for socioeconomic status. Moreover, the results for child abuse were mainly observed with self‐report measures, while for child neglect, they predominantly emerged with professionals‐report. Our findings highlight the important contribution of the social information processing model in the context of child maltreatment, with implications for prevention and intervention addressed.

An information-processing approach to maladaptive parenting suggests that high-risk and maltreating parents are likely to hold inaccurate and biased preexisting cognitive schemata about child development and child rearing. Importantly, these schemas, which may include values, beliefs, expectations, and attitudes, are known to influence the way parents perceive and subsequently act toward their children. However, the few studies specifically addressing parental attitudes only considered global maltreatment, not distinguishing abuse from neglect. Moreover, few have considered dual-process models of cognition, relying mostly on the explicit level of parental attitudes that can be prone to various biases. Based on the Social Information Processing (SIP) model of child abuse and neglect, this study examines the association of parents preexisting cognitive schemata, namely explicit and implicit parental attitudes, and child abuse and neglect. A convenience sample of 201 mothers (half with at least one child referred to child protection services) completed a measure of explicit parental attitudes and a speed-accuracy task related to parenting. Abuse and neglect were measured with self-report and professionals-report instruments. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that maladaptive parenting is related with more biased preexisting cognitive schemas, namely attitudes related to parenting, but only for neglect and particularly when reported by professionals. Moreover, the results observed with both the explicit and implicit measures of attitudes were convergent, with mothers presenting more inadequate explicit attitudes also exhibiting an overall lower performance in the implicit attitudes task. This study is likely to contribute to the SIP framework of child abuse and neglect, particularly for the elucidation of the sociocognitive factors underlying maladaptive parenting, while also providing relevant cues for prevention and intervention programs.

This study analyzed adolescents’ self-representations construction process, relying on the Looking Glass Self Hypothesis (LGSH), within parent-child relationships – that is, the mediating role of mothers’ and fathers’ reflected appraisals (i.e., adolescents’ perceptions of their parents’ appraisals of them) in associations between parents’ actual appraisals and adolescents’ selfrepresentations. Participants were 221 adolescents, 12-16 years old, and both their parents. The standard paradigm was used to measure the LGSH elements: self-representations were measured with the Self-Representation Questionnaire for Adolescents, which was reworded to measure parents’ actual and reflected appraisals. Structural equation modeling with bootstrap estimation supported the LGSH for all self-representation domains under analysis. Results are discussed considering the specificities of the adolescent-mother and adolescent-father relationships, and the different self-representation domains analized.

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of previous maltreatment on current self-representations (i.e., the attributes used to describe oneself) of youth in residential care and the moderating role of gender, age, number of previous placements and length of placement in residential care. The sample was composed of 809 adolescents and youths in residential care. The youth completed the self-representation questionnaire for youths in residential care (SRQYRC). In order to analyze the impact of previous maltreatment on self-representation, retrospective accounts of previous maltreatment experiences were used, and a set of multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results of multiple regressions suggest previous experiences of maltreatment contribute to youth’s self-representations. Specifically, youth that experienced sexual abuse reported higher levels of negative self-representations (i.e., negative valence attributes, such as aggressive, sad, misfit, neglected) while youth that experienced physical and psychological abuse, emotional and educational maltreatment, and neglect in terms of physical provision reported less positive self-representations (i.e., positive valence attributes, such as nice, intelligent, cherished). Some of these associations were moderated by gender, age, number and length of placements in residential care. These results underline that the type of maltreatment has a differential impact on youth’s self-representation dimensions and that placement stability (i.e., without moving the youth other residential care placements), and the continuity of care in the same residential care unit may protect the selfrepresentations of youth with previous experiences of abuse and neglect.

This study explored the associations between the perceptions that youth in residential care have about their social images (i.e., their perceptions of how other people in general perceive them) and their self-representations, and the moderating role of social support from residential caregivers and friends in those associations. A sample of 926 youths in residential care, aged between 12 and 25 years old, filled out self-report questionnaires tapping their perceptions of their social images, self-representations, and perceived social support. Results indicated that positive youths’ perceptions of their social images were associated to youth’s positive self-representations, and that negative youths’ perceptions of their social images dimensions were associated to youth’s negative selfrepresentation dimensions. Results also indicated that support from the main residential caregiver and friends moderated associations between youth’s perceptions of their social images and self-representations, functioning as a protective factor. These findings underline the importance of youth’s perceptions of their social images and the support from residential caregivers and friends for youth in residential care.

Background: Associations between maltreatment experiences and psychopathology symptoms in children and adolescents are well established. However, the role of domain-specific self-representations (SR) in those associations remains unexplored. Objective: This multi-informant study aimed to explore the indirect associations between maltreatment experiences and children’s and adolescents’ psychopathology symptoms (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems), through domain-specific self-representations, and the moderating role of age in those indirect associations. Participants and setting: Participants were 203 children/adolescents (52.7 % boys), aged 8–16 years old (M = 12.64; SD = 2.47), referred to child/youth protection commissions, their parents, and case workers. Method: Case workers reported on child/adolescent maltreatment, children/adolescents reported on SR, and parents reported on psychopathology symptoms. Results: Controlling for chronicity of maltreatment and child/adolescent sex effects, multiple mediation path analysis revealed that: 1) higher levels of physical and psychological abuse were associated with less externalizing problems through more negative social SR; 2) higher levels of physical neglect were associated with more externalizing problems through more positive opposition SR; 3) higher levels of psychological neglect were associated with less externalizing problems through more negative physical appearance SR, and 4) associated with more externalizing problems through more negative opposition SR. Moreover, the indirect effects of physical and psychological abuse on internalizing and externalizing problems through instrumental SR were conditional on child/adolescent age. Conclusion: Findings signal the relevance of preventing child/adolescent maltreatment and promoting the construction of positive and, foremost, realistic and adaptive self-representations as protection against maladjustment.

Little evidence exists on the relationship between rights’ perceptions and well-being outcomes during the adolescence, and particularly in care, as well as on the mediating role of place attachment. Young people in residential care are psychologically and socially vulnerable, showing greater difficulties than their peers do in the family. Youth’s rights fulfilment in residential care may positively affect their psychological functioning together with positive attachments to this place. A sample of 365 adolescents in residential care settings (M = 14.71, SD = 1.81) completed a set of self-reported measures, specifically, the Rights perceptions scale, the Place attachment scale and Scales of psychological well-being. Results revealed significant mediating effects of place attachment (Global scale and subscales of Friends Bonding and Place Dependence) on the relationship between Participation and Protection rights in residential care and Psychological well-being (Positive Relations with others, Personal Growth and Self-Acceptance). The positive role of rights fulfilment in residential care, specifically participation opportunities, as well as the role of youth’s attachment to the care setting are discussed based on previous evidence and theoretical assumptions. A set of practical implications is described.

The capabilities approach provides a rich evaluative framework to guide transformative change in the community mental health system. This study reports the content and construct validity and psychometric properties of a contextualized measure of the extent to which mental health programs foster achieved capabilities. The Achieved Capabilities Questionnaire for Community Mental Health (ACQ-CMH), adapted from Nussbaum’s capabilities framework, was developed previously with consumer collaboration. Content validity was assessed through a collaborative process, involving a panel of eight consumers, staff members, and senior researchers. The resulting shorter version (ACQ-CMH-98) was completed by 332 community mental health consumers sampled throughout Portugal. Factor (PCA) analysis, internal consistency reliability, and test–retest reliability over 2 weeks (N = 33) showed good psychometric properties. The resulting six-factor structure with 48 items explains 48.88% of the total variance (KMO = 0.89; Bartlett p = .00). Internal consistency of the obtained dimensions ranges from .91 to .76. Associations of the measure with recovery, quality of life, and psychological distress scales add further evidence of construct validity. The adaptation of Nussbaum’s framework stressed specific components that may enhance understanding and change within the community mental health system.

There have been calls for uncovering the “black box” of residential care services, with a particular need for research focusing on emergency care settings for children and youth in danger. In fact, the strikingly scant empirical attention that these settings have received so far contrasts with the role that they often play as gateway into the child welfare system. To answer these calls, this work presents and tests a framework for assessing a service model in residential emergency care. It comprises seven studies which address a set of different focal areas (e.g., service logic model; care experiences), informants (e.g., case records; staff; children/youth), and service components (e.g., case assessment/evaluation; intervention; placement/referral). Drawing on this process-consultation approach, the work proposes a set of key challenges for emergency residential care in terms of service improvement and development, and calls for further research targeting more care units and different types of residential care services. These findings offer a contribution to inform evidence-based practice and policy in service models of residential care.

Recent studies advise teachers of the need to become aware of the importance of linking the cognitive and affective in learning. During initial training, teaching approaches linked to scientific practices of inquiry and modeling can increase the emotions experienced in the teaching–learning process and encourage teachers to reflect and be aware of how they learn. This research focused on considering that scientific practices should include the environmental problems that society faces today. Thus, activities were contextualized with a theme of economic, scientific and environmental repercussions. Moreover, it promoted awareness about the important role that different scientists have played in the advancement of knowledge about the greenhouse effect and its consequences. The main objective of this research was to allow trainee teachers to become conscious of how they learn content and their relationship with the emotions experienced. The instructional sequence consisted of a set of activities (inquiry, modeling, argumentation), based on the effects of certain chemical substances responsible for the greenhouse effect, focused on promoting the active participation of students. After completion of the instructional sequence, perceptions of pre-service teachers concerning their own learning after the instruction were analyzed. The results evidenced that self-perception of learning and emotions were directly correlated. The emotions experienced during the training appeared to influence the perceptions of the activities and, consequently, their perspectives when deciding whether or not to implement such activities in the future.

A psoríase vulgares é uma doença cutânea que ocorre aproximadamente em 3% da popula-ção mundial adulta, afectando negativamente a qualidade de vida dos doentes. É uma doença crónica, resultante da activação do sistema imunitário e semelhante a outras doenças auto-imunes como a artrite reumatóide ou a esclerose múltipla. Histologicamente, a psoríase é caracterizada por um aumento da espessura da epiderme devido à hiperproliferação de queratinócitos, resultando no aparecimento de escamas e placas com diferentes tamanhos. Outra particularidade desta doença é o aumento da vascularização da derme, assim como a presença de um elevado número de células imunitárias, tais como linfócitos T e células dendríticas. Ao nível molecular, pensa-se que as manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais descritas são resultantes da desregulação da complexa rede de citocinas devido à acção combinada das células imunitárias que infiltraram a derme e dos queratinócitos presentes na epiderme. Durante a última década foram identificadas inúmeras espécies de pequenos RNA denominados small non-coding RNAs, que contribuem para a intrincada rede de vias que regulam os genes humanos. Entre estes, os microRNA (miRNA) emergiram como reguladores relevantes da tradução proteica, e actualmente acredita-se que os miRNA participam na regula-ção da maioria dos processos celulares e tecidulares. A pele não é excepção, e de momento os miRNA são intensamente estudados para determinar a sua relevância na regulação da homeostase da pele e no aparecimento de doenças cutâneas. O possível envolvimento de miRNA na patologia da psoríase foi identificado pela primeira vez em 2007, quando a equipa liderada por Sonkoly comparou os perfis de expressão de miRNA em pele psoriática e em pele normal. Entre os miRNA identificados, potencialmente associados à psoríase, o miRNA-203 foi identificado predominantemente em queratinócitos e sobre-expressado em psoríase, quando comparado com a pele normal. Recentemente, a mesma equipa científica demonstrou também que o miRNA-203 e o transcrito de um componente regulador da sinalização da resposta imunitária, o SOCS3 (supressor of cytokine signalling 3), apresentam níveis de expressão inversamente relacionados. Sabe-se ainda que a proteína SOCS3 regula negativamente a activação de um factor de transcrição – STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) – que está sobre-expressado em psoríase e implicado na rede de citocinas. Assim, a sobre-expressão do miRNA-203 em psoríase pode ter importantes implicações na patologia da doença uma vez que impossibilita a expressão de SOCS3, proteína que regula negativamente a rede de citocinas. O objectivo principal deste projecto foi descrever a interacção entre miRNA e a expressão de citocinas em pele humana. Com especial interesse no miRNA-203, o projecto procurou elucidar a função específica dos miRNA moduladores da resposta imunitária na complexa rede de interacções moleculares, levando ao desenvolvimento da doença inflamatória na pele. No começo deste projecto, procurou-se estabelecer um sistema in vitro que permitisse a identificação e análise de potenciais genes-alvo de miRNA associados à psoríase. Assim, através da utilização da proteína Renilla luciferase (R-luc), foi desenvolvido um ensaio repór-ter para a detecção de interacções directas entre o miRNA-203 e diversos elementos da resposta imunitária, através da medição de bioluminescência. Os DNA complementares (cDNA) de seis diferentes citocinas (IL12B, IL15, IL17, IL20, IL24 e TNFα) assim como os cDNA de proteínas supressoras da sinalização das citocinas (SOCS3 e SOCS6) foram fundidos ao gene codificante da R-luc, e as medidas de bioluminescência foram avaliadas quando os vectores codificantes da R-luc foram co-transfectados com um vector expressan-do o miRNA-203 em células HEK293 (Human kidney embryo cells). Dos ensaios desenvol-vidos, identificaram-se três potenciais genes-alvo do miRNA-203: IL24, SOCS6 e TNFα. Para a confirmação da interacção directa entre o miRNA-203 e os genes-alvo mencionados foi desenvolvido um estudo bioinformático para a identificação de sequências nucleotídicas na região 3‟UTR dos genes-alvo complementares à sequência nucleotídica do miRNA-203. Uma vez identificadas as possíveis sequências nucleotídicas que permitem o estabelecimento de interacções entre o miRNA-203 e os RNA mensageiro (mRNA) dos genes-alvo, as sequências identificadas nas regiões 3‟UTR foram mutadas de forma a inibir as interacções miRNA-mRNA. Os transcritos 3‟UTR mutantes dos genes IL24, SOCS6 e TNFα foram fundidos ao gene codificante da R-luc e novos ensaios repórteres foram elaborados. Em paralelo, procedeu-se também ao desenvolvimento de uma linha celular de queratinócitos (denominada HaCaT-203), através da utilização do sistema transposão de DNA “sleeping beauty”, para expressar constitutivamente o miRNA-203. Esta nova linha celular de queratinócitos foi especialmente desenvolvida para a confirmação de potenciais genes-alvo do miRNA-203, através da quantificação dos níveis de expressão dos genes-alvo por qRT-PCR. A quantifi-cação e a análise dos valores de bioluminiscência obtidos a partir da expressão do gene da R-luc fundido aos transcritos dos três 3‟UTR mutantes de IL24, SOCS6 e TNFα identificaram a interacção directa entre os três mRNA e o miRNA-203. Resultados semelhantes foram obtidos através da quantificação dos níveis endógenos dos mRNA de IL24, SOCS6 e TNFα em queratinócitos, confirmando a especificidade da interacção entre o miRNA-203 e os genes-alvo mencionados. A identificação destes novos genes-alvo veio contribuir para a compreensão e caracterização das implicações do miRNA-203 na expressão de citocinas em pele humana. Não menos importante, também foi o facto de que os resultados obtidos vieram consolidar a hipótese de que o miRNA-203 poderá ter implicações na patologia da psoríase uma vez que o miRNA-203 foi identificado como um modulador activo na complexa regulação da rede de citocinas em queratinócitos. A equipa com a qual foi desenvolvido este projecto documentou anteriormente a aplicabilidade terapêutica da utilização de lentivirus para a inibição dos mRNA de TNFα e IL12B através da “entrega” (delivery) de RNA efectores anti-TNFα e anti-IL12B, respectivamente, em pele psoriática humana xenotransplantada em ratos imunodeficientes (xenografted psoriatic skin). No projecto actual, foi desenvolvido um novo vector lentiviral codificando um inibidor de miRNA específico para o miRNA-203 (denominado antagomiR-203). Os RNA efectores anti-miRNA (antagomirs) são caracterizados por sequências oligonucleotídicas complementares aos miRNA de interesse. Assim, os antagomir estabelecem interacções específicas com o miRNA-alvo, conduzindo à inibição funcional dos mesmos. Através da utilização do vector lentiviral codificando o antagomiR-203, vários ensaios in vitro foram desenvolvidos para testar a funcionalidade e a potência do antagomiR-203. Com base nas avaliações funcionais, identificou-se uma nítida sobre-expressão do gene da R-luc quando fundido com uma sequência oligonucleotídica complementar ao miRNA-203, quando co-expresso com o vector lentiviral codificando o antagomiR-203. Foi também identificada uma redução dos níveis de expressão do miRNA-203, quando as linhas celulares de queratinócitos foram infectadas com partículas lentivirais expressando o antagomiR-203. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram assim a funcionalidade e especificidade do antagomiR-203 relativamente ao miRNA-203, permitindo o estabelecimento de uma nova plataforma para a regulação de miRNA através da utilização de lentivirus como veículo de transporte de anti-miRNA. Com base na tecnologia de expressão de antagomir, este projecto procurou ainda abrir caminho para os estudos de gene-alvos endógenos, permitindo experimentalmente estudar a função de miRNA em queratinócitos em pele normal e pele psoriática. Como objectivo final deste projecto, testou-se a aplicabilidade terapêutica da utilização de lentivirus para a “entrega” de RNA efectores anti-miRNA-203 em pele psoriática humana xenotransplantada em ratos imunodeficientes. A administração intradérmica de uma única dose de partículas lentivirais em pele psoriática humana resultou num aumento dos níveis de expressão do miRNA-203 e na não alteração da espessura da epiderme em enxertos de pele tratados com o antagomiR-203. Em conformidade com os resultados obtidos, a avaliação clínica do fenótipo psoriático dos enxertos de pele não identificou nenhuma melhoria clínica e histológica do fenótipo psoriático no ensaio desenvolvido. O potencial para a concepção de medicamentos moleculares baseados na modulação de miRNA endógenos é muito ambicionado, mas actualmente está ainda muito inexplorado. Os estudos desenvolvidos ao longo deste projecto demonstraram que o aumento da expressão do miRNA-203 na patologia da psoríase é complexo, claramente evidenciando a necessidade de estudos futuros para uma melhor compreensão das funções desempenhadas pelos miRNA na regulação da resposta imunitária. O projecto realizado procurou também explorar a aplicabilidade terapêutica de fármacos dirigidos aos miRNA, tendo-se identificado algumas dificuldades relacionadas com a funcionalidade dos antagomirs in vivo. No entanto, é de salientar que a abordagem utilizada neste estudo foi única, na medida em que se procurou explorar uma nova metodologia de administração de antagomirs, permitindo a entrega de material genético em tecidos específicos, de modo a aumentar a segurança na utilização de terapia genética em humanos.

This study evaluated the preliminary effects of an early intervention program for parents and children at-risk. In this study, a sample of 40 children were randomly assigned to a 9-months intervention program (intervention group, n = 20) or remained in usual practice conditions (control group, n = 20). The intervention involved group dynamics with children in pre-school and individual work sessions with the parents and the children at home. A repeated measures design 2 × 2 was used to test the program effects on parenting practices (Maltreatment Questionnaire) and on children’s mental and social development (Griffiths Mental Development Scales). Results revealed that the program had a positive impact mostly on parenting practices, decreasing physical and psychological abuse (d = −1.01), physical neglect (d = −0.71) and lack of supervision (d = −0.48), and also on measures of cognitive development (i.e., hearing and language; d = 0.31). The program reinforces the importance and effectiveness of attunement intervention programs for parents and for children.

This article stems from interviews conducted with Chinese women residing in Lisbon, aged 18-34, during the initial phase of fieldwork (2021/2022). As an outcome of my Anthropology Ph.D. project, the focus here is on comprehending the perception of Asian women within the realm of everyday life as fetishized entities and how they persist in (re)shaping their identities. By primarily examining visual “yellow fever” depictions (in Hollywood cinema through films like “The World of Suzie Wong”, “Madame Butterfly”, “Miss Saigon”, and the “Year of the Dragon”, along with interracial Pornography), I endeavor to delve into the impact of “race”, “sexual fetishization”, and the ubiquitous propagation of stereotypical imagery on the lives of the individuals I engage with.

This essay offers the concept-method “plant-anthropo-genesis” to capture the interrelated agencies of plants and people in plantation and plantation-like worlds, and in their counterparts. Like people, plants are workers of a particular sort. Sugarcanes, pineapples, grapevines, berries, cannabis, to mention just a few, work alongside the humans in the fields where they grow, in the mills and factories where they are transformed into products, in the markets that price them and shape both human and vegetal destinies, and in the categories that organize social existences, hierarchies, class, and race. Plants also actively work in counter-plantation gardens and small plots, and above all, in the regenerative worlds sustained by Indigenous cosmologies and other alter-capitalist multispecies relations, that persist and thrive at local scales.

Existing literature has highlighted solidarity across generations as a crucial mechanism for transfers and maintaining cohesion within families. However, researching solidarity across generations among transnational families is still an underexplored area, especially from the viewpoint of highly skilled female migrants. This study explored the way highly educated Portuguese adult daughters, living transnationally, perceive the existing solidarity ties with their parents, in times of transition, such as during the process of migration. By using a cluster analysis approach to explore the statistical associations between ambivalence and intergenerational solidarity dimensions, this study provides insight into the migrant solidarity types incorporating the role of ambivalence in forging a typology of transnational intergenerational relationships. The sample comprised 248 daughters who volunteered to provide information in an online survey. Participants gave their full consent to partake in this study, and this study was approved by the ethical committee of the authors’ institution. Measures of intergenerational solidarity dimensions, perceived ambivalence, sociocultural adaptation, acculturation, and social well-being in the destination country were included in the survey. Model-based cluster analysis resulted in three clusters: low ambivalence with strong cohesion, autonomous with affection and low ambivalence, and ambivalent functional ties with low affection. These clusters differed significantly in terms of intergenerational solidarity dimensions, perceived ambivalence, and in several other measures addressed. Perceived high parent-daughter ambivalent ties were associated with high levels of functional contacts and financial exchange. That pattern was also associated with lower levels of affection and consensus, being most frequently found in older daughters, mostly when single, economically inactive, or unemployed. Low perceived ambivalent parent-daughter ties were the most frequently found (around 80%), with two different types of intergenerational relationships being revealed, namely the low ambivalence with strong cohesion type and the autonomous with affection and low ambivalence type. Half (50%) of the daughters that perceived low parent-daughter ambivalent ties have associated the highest intergenerational solidarity, being, in general, better adapted to the migration context and slightly younger on average. The other half, less well acculturated, living abroad for longer, in countries with stronger welfare state systems and less reliance on families as providers of care, are more associated with an autonomous relationship type with low solidarity, but high affection. These results suggest that there might be a spillover effect: those who fare well in the country of migration, have better relations with their families at home—either being very interdependent or very independent, but always with good affective quality and low ambivalence.

O programa em causa foi concebido e planeado para a licenciatura em Geografia do Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território da Universidade de Lisboa (IGOT-ULisboa). Há um período inicial de formação de base dedicado às aprendizagens consideradas fundamentais nas três áreas científicas do curso: Geografia Humana, Geografia Física, e Métodos e Técnicas em Geografia. Este período ocupa os primeiros três semestres do ciclo de estudos e é composto totalmente por UC obrigatórias com 6 ECTS. Segue-se depois uma etapa intermédia, que se prolonga pelos quarto e quinto semestres do curso, em que se procura que o grupo de estudantes diversifique e especialize as aprendizagens, explorando temáticas diversas em UC de opção conforme os seus interesses. 70% do tempo de trabalho decorre então em UC opcionais, que o plano de estudos prevê que funcionem em aulas teórico-práticas, também de 6 ECTS. A Geografia do Turismo não consta do elenco de UC obrigatórias, mas pode ter lugar como UC de opção num daqueles dois semestres pré-terminais (a prática tem sido funcionar no quinto semestre), e foi nesse pressuposto que o programa foi desenhado. Acredito que com pequenos ajustamentos para adaptação às formas de organização de ensino, aos regulamentos específicos das instituições, e, eventualmente, aos contextos locais, este programa possa ser aplicado sem grande dificuldade em cursos homólogos de outras universidades. A aplicação em licenciaturas em Turismo, em cujos planos de estudos frequentemente estão previstas UC de Geografia do Turismo, poderá requerer uma adaptação maior, com aliviação dos conteúdos relativos aos aspetos estruturais do turismo e aprofundamento das questões relacionadas com a territorialização do turismo e os impactes do turismo nas comunidades e no ambiente.

No summary/description provided

The effects of Multiple Autonomy Support (MAS), meaning the autonomy support provided by two or more sources, is an overlooked topic in social development literature. The aim of this study is to understand how two types of MAS, Total Multiple Autonomy Support (TMAS) and Multiple Autonomy Support Attunement (MASA), are related to early adolescents’ social development indicators (prosocial behavior, self-regulation, antisocial behavior, alcohol use, and 1-year substance use intention). TMAS pertains to the general amount of autonomy support perceived by a MAS recipient, irrespectively of each provider’s contribution to that score. MASA refers to the interindividual patterns of perceived coordination among MAS providers, based on each provider’s autonomy scores. The participants were 818 early adolescent Portuguese (M = 12.15; SD = .81; 54.2% girls) surveyed in a cross-sectional exploratory study about MAS provided by parents, teachers, and mentors. Descriptive analyses revealed levels of low (n = 81; 10.00%), moderate (n = 432; 52.82%), and high (n = 302; 36.91%) TMAS. A k-cluster analysis revealed four MASA groups: low attuned MAS (n = 128; 15.65), misattuned MAS/low attuned parent autonomy support (n = 225; 27.51%), misattuned MAS/low attuned teacher autonomy support (n = 177; 21.64%), and high attuned MAS (n = 288; 32.21%). Ordinal regressions show that, after controlling for age, a pattern of high attuned MAS predicts better prospects of prosocial behavior and selfregulation, as opposed to high levels of TMAS. In addition, MASA involving low teacher autonomy support predicts the worst results on the selected indicators of social development.

How to define, and conceptualise, violence? This is a problem the social sciences and humanities have long wrestled with, often framing violence as an abstract, moral, and normative question, which prevented them from capturing its complexity. Violence, we suggest, is a tension force that is constitutive of, and immanent to, social, material, and spatial relations, simultaneously weaving them together and threatening to disrupt them. At the same time, violence cannot be reduced to an epiphenomenon of an overarching process such as Capitalism: it does not simply result from the unfolding of structures and global processes; rather, it takes material existence in the frictional encounter with these very structures and processes. In this article, we build on, and push beyond, recent theorisations on infrastructure and infrastructural violence to introduce the concept of ‘infra-structural violence’ – where the hyphen emphasises the relational, tensional and somatic in-between – as a way to rework symbolic/economic notions of structural violence towards an ontological, epistemological and ethical ‘statics’ of violence, which is attuned to its disrupting, constructive, and preserving quality.