Repositório RCAAP

This paper presents recent developments in Portuguese local archives’ classification policies. Following several professional workgroups and reinforced with a political mandate, local administration archives are putting in practice a new knowledge organization approach through the development of a national Classification Plan for Local Administration (CPLA). New archival legislation is ready to be officialy published and its impact is expected to largely modify administration practices. The main objective of the study is to discuss the knowledge organization solutions embedded in the creation of CPLA. To achieve this goal, a literature review was performed, together with a project management approach, exploring a qualitative analysis of the problems and the solutions found during CPLA’s design. The Functional Macrostructure for Public Administration information is the main framework for the development of CPLA, and contributes to the emergence of a new paradigm in Information Management. Such paradigm intersects functions with business processes, transversally and supra-institutionally, and considers the different public administration bodies as open systems. As an outcome, the public administration and, in particular, the archival community receive a new standardized information management tool that serves the classification, appraisal and selection of archival information.

Nos dias que correm, a mobilidade dos cidadãos é uma necessidade cada vez mais recorrente e praticamente um dado adquirido, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos. As viagens diárias durante a semana são na sua maioria associadas às deslocações pendulares casa-trabalho/trabalho-casa e ainda é muito frequente a utilização do meio de transporte particular (carro). Deste modo, torna-se indispensável a promoção de uma mobilidade sustentável, de forma a reduzir os impactos ambientais, económicos e sociais, que estão associados a uma mobilidade cada vez mais intensa. O estudo dos padrões de mobilidade das populações é um ponto de partida importante e necessário à averiguação de diversas questões, entre elas o nível de emissões de CO2 (Dióxido de carbono) e outras emissões de poluentes regulados tais como CO (Monóxido de carbono), NOx (Óxidos de azoto), PM (Matéria particulada) e COVNM (Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis Não Metânicos), que permitirá elaborar propostas de melhoria. Com o intuito de dar resposta a estas questões, este estudo desenvolveu-se através da realização de inquéritos à população do campus da FCUL. Apesar de ser um universo de pequenas dimensões - cerca de 6 000 pessoas, incluindo docentes/investigadores e estudantes - comparativamente à população nacional (cerca de 10 milhões de pessoas, das quais 7 milhões com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 65 anos), é um bom suporte para estudos futuros de pegada carbónica do campus FCUL, demonstrando a aplicabilidade de alguns métodos para estudos de maior amplitude. Nos inquéritos realizados obteve-se uma taxa de resposta de cerca de 10% e concluiu-se que o grupo dos professores e investigadores utilizam essencialmente o carro particular para as suas deslocações diárias. Observou-se que nenhum indivíduo transporta 4 passageiros, isto é, nunca preenche a lotação do veículo, tendo assim sido obtida uma taxa média de ocupação de passageiros por carro de 1,34. Os alunos utilizam maioritariamente os transportes públicos para as suas deslocações multimodais, principalmente o transporte metropolitano. As deslocações pendulares casa-FCUL, para o ano de 2017 foram responsáveis por 411 toneladas de CO2.

Introdução ao n.º 53 da Revista de Comunicação e Linguagens / Journal of Communication and Languages, dedicado ao tópico "Photography, Cinema, and the Ghostly"

Job characteristics are important to work-family conflict (WFC). Additionally, is well established that WFC has a negative impact on mental health. As such, this research aims to examine the role of WFC as a mechanism that explains the relationship between job characteristics (i.e., those establishing by the Job Demands-Control-Support Model) and workers' mental health. Moreover, based on gender inequalities in work and non-work roles, this study analyzed gender as moderator of this mediation. Specifically, the relationship between job characteristics and WFC and the relationship between WFC and mental health could be stronger for women than for men. With a sample of 254 workers from a Portuguese services company, (61% males), and based on a multiple-group analysis, the results indicated that the WFC mediates the relationship between job characteristics (i.e., job demands and job control) and mental health. It was reinforced that job demands and lack of control could contribute to employees' stress and, once individual' energy was drained, the WFC could emerge. Ultimately, may be due to the presence of this conflict that individuals mental health' is negatively affected. Contrary to our expectations, this relationship is not conditioned by gender (Z-scores were non-significant). The study results have implications for human resource management, enhancing the knowledge on the relationship between the WFC and workers' mental health.

Introduction to the issue 53 of the Journal of Communication and Languages, on "Photography, Cinema, and the Ghostly"

This article offers a case study of the early-twentieth century Portuguese reception of Yoritomo-Tashi, supposedly a Japanese philosopher who became known through the editing work of B. Dangennes, one of the pseudonyms of a French female author of self-help books by the name of Berthe Blanchard (18[-]–1940). Reception is examined on the basis of translational paratexts used as (re)framing devices to tell different stories about a same author figure and the books he is purported to have written, ultimately shaping the literary and cultural system to which Yoritomo-Tashi belongs. The first (European) Portuguese translation of his work to circulate, made by Bernardo de Alcobaça in 1912, whose paratext frames a Japanese source (con)text, will be discussed as an assumed translation of a non-existent (Japanese) original, that is, as a pseudo indirect translation. The other three existing adaptationswere translated by the end of the 1920s by a different agent, A.Victor Machado, who seems to be aware that Yoritomo-Tashi is a pen name and who gradually restores Yoritomo-Tashi/Dangennes to the French literary system via the paratext. Questions will also be raised about the complicity of the Portuguese translators with Dangennes’s fictitious translation project. This complicity, as shaped by the paratext, will be shown to influence the de facto belonging of an author’s work to the Japanese-Portuguese translation system and to be evidence of a persisting exoticism in early twentieth-century Europe.

In humans, sleep regulation is tightly linked to social times that assign local time to events, such as school, work, or meals. The impact of these social times, collectively-social time pressure, on sleep has been studied epidemiologically via quantification of the discrepancy between sleep times on workdays and those on work-free days. This discrepancy is known as the social jetlag (SJL). COVID-19-mandated social restrictions (SR) constituted a global intervention by affecting social times worldwide. We launched a Global Chrono Corona Survey (GCCS) that queried sleep-wake times before and during SR (preSR and inSR). 11,431 adults from 40 countries responded between April 4 and May 6, 2020. The final sample consisted of 7517 respondents (68.2% females), who had been 32.7 ± 9.1 (mean ± sd) days under SR. SR led to robust changes: mid-sleep time on workdays and free days was delayed by 50 and 22 min, respectively; sleep duration increased on workdays by 26 min but shortened by 9 min on free days; SJL decreased by ~ 30 min. On workdays inSR, sleep-wake times in most people approached those of their preSR free days. Changes in sleep duration and SJL correlated with inSR-use of alarm clocks and were larger in young adults. The data indicate a massive sleep deficit under pre-pandemic social time pressure, provide insights to the actual sleep need of different age-groups and suggest that tolerable SJL is about 20 min. Relaxed social time pressure promotes more sleep, smaller SJL and reduced use of alarm clocks.

The integration of technology in health care has been increasing over the years, allowing more and better diagnoses and treatments in various areas of health. One of these areas is the surgery area, with da Vinci system being one of the most successful and most commercialized. Despite all the advantages, there are some disadvantages such as a limited number of degrees of freedom, the possibility of collision between the different robotic arms, among others. Therefore, the SMARTsurg (Smart Wearble Robotic Teleoperated Surgery) project was developed for the purpose of correcting these problems, proposing a wearable robotic system for minimally invasive surgeries, offering surgeons more natural movements. However, to verify that this is a necessary improvement, it is necessary to understand how these changes affects the performance and condition of surgeons. Thus, the aim of this dissertation is to compare the muscular and mental effort of surgeons when performing tasks using the da Vinci system and the SMARTsurg system. Biological signals such as electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG) were studied to verify how these signals changed using each of the systems. Using these biosignals it was possible to evaluate muscle and mental fatigue in the participants of this study. The experimental trials with the da Vinci system took place at Southmead Hospital Bristol, where the fatigue of clinicians was tested, performing a series of surgical training tasks in the simulator embedded in the da Vinci systems. For the SMARTsurg system, the trials took place at the Bristol Robotics Lab, having been tested volunteers from the lab without any experience in robotic surgical systems and one of the subjects who participated in the trial in the hospital. Also here, subjects were asked to perform small surgical training tasks, similar to those of the da Vinci system. The analysis of the results showed that it was only possible to verify muscle fatigue in participants using the da Vinci system, and it was not possible to determine any type of mental fatigue using any of the systems. Nevertheless, it will be necessary to do more experiments to verify a broader trend in the data, and it was possible to determine with this dissertation the validity of the use of two wireless devices available in the market to infer conclusions about human physiological changes.

O registro linguístico sobre saúde e doença nas línguas Guarani começou no século XVII. Este artigo reúne 308 palavras e frases levantadas nos dicionários de Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, publicados nos anos 1639 e 1640. Além do interesse direto para medicina e saúde pública, também é fonte para a linguística histórico-comparativa e para a história da medicina Guarani praticada milenarmente por kuña paje e pajes, mulheres e homens sábios na arte de curar

Este estudo pretende analisar as tragédias Heracles, de Eurípides, e Hercules Furens, de Séneca, numa perspectiva comparativa. Além de ver as semelhanças, procura-se descrever os aspectos que tornam as duas tragédias diferentes e únicas, vendo a forma como são tratadas e desenvolvidas as personagens e o tema da loucura de Héracles/ Hércules. O primeiro capítulo, mais teórico, aborda alguns traços gerais que caracterizam as tragédias dos dois autores; nele se inclui também um estudo que sintetiza a doutrina estóica, com especial incidência nos aspectos que melhor ajudam a compreender a função e objectivos parenéticos do corpus trágico de Séneca. No segundo capítulo, são contempladas as personagens das duas tragédias, excepto Héracles/Hércules e o Mensageiro, que são estudadas no capítulo seguinte. No terceiro capítulo, o protagonista é analisado em três momentos: antes, durante e depois da loucura. O quarto capítulo cinge-se ao estudo sobre a ascese de um proficiens e sobre a meditatio mortis nas tragédias Hercules Furens e Hercules Oetaeus.

Background: A major challenge in the application of marrow transplantation as a route to immunological tolerance of a transplanted organ is to achieve hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment with minimal myelosuppressive treatments. Results: We here describe a combined antibody protocol which can achieve long-term engraftment with clinically relevant doses of MHC-mismatched bone marrow, without the need for myelosuppressive drugs. Although not universally applicable in all strains, we achieved reliable engraftment in permissive strains with a two-stage strategy: involving first, treatment with anti-CD8 and anti-CD4 in advance of transplantation; and second, treatment with antibodies targeting CD4, CD8 and CD40L (CD154) at the time of marrow transplantation. Long-term mixed chimerism through co-receptor and co-stimulation blockade facilitated tolerance to donor-type skin grafts, without any evidence of donor-antigen driven regulatory T cells. Conclusion: We conclude that antibodies targeting co-receptor and co-stimulatory molecules synergise to enable mixed hematopoietic chimerism and central tolerance, showing that neither cytoreductive conditioning nor 'megadoses' of donor bone marrow are required for donor HSC to engraft in permissive strains.

O planalto dos Chões de Alpompé, em Santarém, foi, pelo menos desde os anos 50 do século XX, alvo de numerosos trabalhos de prospeção e até de campanhas de escavação e acompanhamento de obras agrícolas. Tais trabalhos proporcionaram a recolha de inúmeros materiais arqueológicos, muitos dos quais já publicados, que deixam antever uma relevante ocupação humana durante a Idade do Ferro e época Romano-Republicana. Todavia, a definição dos seus sistemas defensivos foi sempre difícil, situação que resulta em grande parte da densa cobertura florestal que o cobre. A recente disponibilidade, para esta zona do baixo Vale do Tejo, de dados de laser aéreo, bem como a sua combinação com fotografia aérea histórica, permitiu identificar e mapear novas estruturas arqueológicas que autorizam uma visão renovada sobre as estruturas do sítio. Esta leitura tem também em consideração os recentes dados obtidos nas intervenções arqueológicas de escavação e acompanhamento decorridas entre 2015 e 2018, que permitiram esclarecer algumas questões relevantes sobre estes sistemas defensivos.

The megalithic clusters of Deserto and Barrocal das Freiras are currently under study in the framework of the OMEGA research project. This group of monuments consists mostly of so-called “proto-megalithic” tombs, probably used around the mid-4th millennium BCE, possibly earlier. Other more evolved medium-to-large-sized monuments with differentiated Chamber and Corridor (passage graves), from the late 4th millennium and the first quarter of the 3rd millennium BCE, also exist in peripheral areas around the central clusters. This allows us to consider a centre-periphery development in building this space, with the earlier monuments located in the central area and the latest monuments located in its immediate surroundings. The study of the groups of Deserto and Barrocal das Freiras, taking in account both the architectural features of the monuments and the specificities of their votive sets, makes it possible to serialize the chronological and cultural levels of construction and use of these monuments, defining the building diagrams of the sacred places and the megalithic landscapes during the 4th and 3rd millennia BCE in Middle Alentejo.

During the last quarter of a century, progress on the understanding of metallurgical practices of the Baiões / Santa Luzia cultural group of Central Portugal produced results that allowed us to better understand and characterize a fundamental cultural group of the Iberian Late Bronze Age (LBA). However, the study of the foundry moulds lacks a convenient interpretive synthesis. The discovery of a new exemplar of metallic mould for single-faceted palstaves – one of the types that characterize Central Portugal LBA metallurgy – creates the opportunity to, starting with its archaeometallurgical characterization, produce an overview of Baiões / Santa Luzia moulds and foundry procedures, namely for the palstaves moulds that, until now, are mostly known in the area of this cultural group.

Coolia monotis Meunier is an epiphytic dinoflagellate that is frequently found on different substrates in low hydrodynamic areas. Despite belonging to a potentially toxic genus that co-occurs with species of other harmful dinoflagellates, C. monotis is not a toxic species. Nonetheless, it is paramount to gain insight into the physiological responses of this species to environmental variables. The present work investigated the temporal evolution of the epiphytic dinoflagellate assemblages in Lisbon Bay and the importance of the intraspecific variability in the physiological response to temperature (15°C and 19°C) and light (low light – LL and high light – HL) of two strains of C. monotis, isolated from two geographically distinct sites: one from Lisbon Bay in the West coast, and another one from Lagos Bay in the South coast of Portugal. Macroalgae samples were collected, from May to November 2018, on a monthly or fortnightly basis at low tide during spring tides, to study the ecological dynamics of some potentially toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates. Water temperature and salinity were recorded at the time of sampling. Coolia monotis was generally the dominant dinoflagellate and it was more abundant during July and August. The remaining genera were minor components of the epiphytic assemblage however, the genus Prorocentrum increased in relative abundance in late summer early autumn. For growth measurements, two methodologies were compared (in vivo fluorescence and cell counts), growth curves were characterized and growth parameters were calculated. For the study of photophysiology, Fv/Fm was measured throughout the growth curves, rapid light curves (RLC) were constructed and pigments were analysed at two distinct stages of growth. Results indicated significant differences between lights, strains and stages of growth. HL-acclimated cultures grew faster and attained higher cell yields than LL-acclimated cultures. LL-acclimated cultures had greater Fv/Fm and α, and lower Ek values than HL-acclimated cultures. Cultures of Lagos had higher rETRmax than cultures of Lisbon at 19ºC, but at 15ºC and HL conditions this was reversed. Pigment analyses also indicated that HL-acclimated cultures normally had lower concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, as well as higher concentrations of protective pigments and ratios of the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle (DPS) when compared with LL-acclimated cultures. Cultures of Lagos had greater diatoxanthin concentrations and DPS ratios than cultures of Lisbon at 15°C, whereas at 19°C this was reversed. Moreover, higher values of DPS ratios corresponded to lower values of Fv/Fm. In conclusion, Coolia monotis was the dominant dinoflagellate of the epiphytic assemblage in Lisbon Bay, with higher cell abundances in July and August of 2018, even though some variability was detected during these two of months. Cultures of both Lisbon and Lagos behaved differently in terms of growth and photophysiology under the same temperature and light conditions. Here, it is suggested that the two studied strains might represent two distinct ecotypes of Coolia monotis: the Lisbon ecotype, which exhibited low performance under the tested experimental conditions, with sub-optimal temperatures close to 15°C and 19°C, and Lagos strain, a warm water ecotype, with the best performance at 19ºC and sub-optimal temperature close to 15°C.

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