Repositório RCAAP

Active commuting to and from school (ACS) is a strategy to enhance physical activity levels in youths. To promote ACS, it is important to understand the factors that lead to this behaviour. With this in mind, an adaptation of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale for ACS was developed, named the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Active Commuting to and from School (BPNS-ACS) scale. This study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the BPNS-ACS scale in young Portuguese students. A cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 338 students (212 girls, 126 boys), aged between 11 and 19 years old from 31 Portuguese cities participated in this study. To provide validity evidence based on the questionnaire's internal structure, confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the three dimensions of the BNPS-ACS scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable fit to the data. The internal consistency of the measures was accepted as the composite reliability values ranged from 0.78 to 0.94. The evaluation of psychometric properties provided evidence of the adequacy of this questionnaire among Portuguese youth aged 11 to 19 years old.

A pergunta contida no título deste livro sugere um pressuposto tácito e uma resposta implícita. O pres - suposto consiste em admitir que o capitalismo, en - quanto sistema económico, social, político e cultural, teve uma época em que demonstrou o seu carácter progressivo. A resposta remete para um enunciado de dúvida de que o capitalismo possa continuar a ser progressivo, ao mesmo tempo que convida o leitor a acreditar que algo pode e deve ser feito para que de novo o venha a ser

Through the drawing tool, Cristiana Silva elaborates a set of registers where shelooks for and explores issues of identity as well as inherent moments, these being fragmented to a unique identity that in turn is dispersed from the initial image captured. By recording several moments of his daily and intimate life, as in an archival manner as well as safeguarding something that is in itself immaterial to safeguard, she revives it again and reinterprets it through constructive processes of drawing, transferring it, that abstratic and incapable of replacing to an a Another platform, another support, another purpose. Through Drawing, as well as her skills and characteristics acquired to date, Cristiana, simultaneously explores not only the divergences of innumerable errors that occur in the moment, and therefore, develop through it different means of dialogue, plastic exploration, communication process and continuation among themselves, among others, as well as self-recognition of inherent successive moments, frozen in an memory attachment. Drawing is not only a means of communication but also a source of self-discovery, as a unit, as a tool for communication and thinking. Thus, in this way, the Project started in 2015, during the course of the BA, at the Faculty of Licenciatura de Belas Artes, where it has been extended to date. It is a project that continues in continuity with its identity, which in turn was still very new at the time, where it is possible to see a growth, not only in its practical exploration but also as being, character, person.

A posição privilegiada que o artista detinha permitia-lhe registar, através da sua prática, a complexidade da sociedade em que se inseria. Ao longo do final do século XIX e no início do século XX, à semelhança de períodos anteriores, a produção artística demonstrou interesse no modo como o género feminino vivia. A presente dissertação aborda esse fascínio provocado pela figura da mulher, analisando a diversificação de espaços por ela ocupados e representados pela produção artística. Mediante a defesa de uma arte que se pretendia moderna, adequando-se à sociedade na qual era produzida, os artistas serviram-se da sua prática para reflectir acerca das questões que demarcavam o seu tempo. E, nesse sentido, as questões relacionadas com a vivência do género feminino não foram excepção. Através de abordagens mais ou menos idealizadas, consoante a escolha efectuada pelo artista, as obras deste período testemunham a complexidade da vivência do género feminino, constituindo-se, assim, como o nosso objecto de estudo. Conforme veremos, as actividades desempenhadas pelas mulheres representadas nas obras de arte que escolhemos analisar, o modo como elas são representadas e até mesmo os espaços nos quais são retratadas, poderão ilustrar um modelo de mulher ideal. Caracterizando assim um cânone de beleza, de vivência, que limitava as actividades desempenhadas pelas mulheres àquelas que eram consideradas como adequadas à sua condição como: a leitura, a escrita, o consumo de bens de luxo. Todos estes aspectos são registados na obra de arte. Esta padronização da vivência do género feminino foi, contudo, contornada por alguns artistas, designadamente pelos seus pares, conforme teremos oportunidade de observar. O nosso estudo percorre, assim, o período entre 1880 e 1930, observando a evolução da condição feminina na obra de arte.

This paper aims to discuss the original sense of the myth of Narcissus, pointing out its relation with ritual and cult in Ancient Greece.

No summary/description provided

No summary/description provided

Trata-se de um projecto de pintura e instalação pictural no qual o autor explora situações artísticas e espaciais que confrontam o espectador com gestos e procedimentos simultaneamente pertencentes ao domínio da pintura, do vídeo e do cinema, tendo como disrupção comum o glitch criativo, ou seja, uma modalidade de acaso expressivo e tecnológico cujas primeiras manifestações, segundo o próprio, derivam do elemento pictural, embora, com dispositivos e instrumentos diferentes dos outros media mencionados. Pelos motivos apresentados, algumas das peças instaladas aludem a Stan Brakhage, outras a Jennifer West ou a Takeshi Murata, outras ainda, aludem às conquistas ‘involuntárias’ de Protogenes para a pintura e para a arte em geral, em plena Grécia Antiga, resultado da angústia e dos impasses experienciados na realização de uma pintura pelo pintor de Rodes.

Seguindo a imprensa para avaliar a recepção da cultura de protesto em Portugal, o presente estudo centra-se na ideia de que os fenómenos contraculturais que decorreram no nosso país em finais da década de 60 foram manifestações que, tendo tido origem no estrangeiro, chegaram a Portugal com uma força que nem um regime que se opunha a valores democráticos podia travar. Para além disso, pretende-se estabelecer pontos de contacto entre os movimentos congéneres nos EUA, em França, no Reino Unido e em Portugal, país que vivia os anos finais de uma ditadura. Dado que este estudo se baseia na imprensa nacional, importa, não apenas clarificar conceitos como os de «cultura», «contracultura» e «cultura de protesto», mas também tentar interpretar o papel que teve a imprensa periódica na disseminação da cultura (de protesto) no Portugal dessa época. Neste sentido, não se pode deixar de dar relevância às novas (ou velhas) políticas que Marcelo Caetano adoptou para o país e para a imprensa. Se a censura continuou a existir após o afastamento político de Salazar, é necessário explicar de que forma jornalistas, escritores e intelectuais de diferentes áreas foram conseguindo protestar num país que, embora estivesse a passar por um processo de acentuado crescimento económico (como acontecia com muitos dos países democráticos ocidentais), não garantia as liberdades individuais de expressão.

Após apresentar, contextualizar e caracterizar os Cadernos de um Barbeiro, refiro-me à importância ao mérito do labor historiográfico de Ernesto Português. Faço uso de três conceitos-chave, que defino e aplico: sociabilidade escrita; ego-escrita; memória colectiva.

No summary/description provided

Background: Individuals recovering from COVID-19 are known to have antibodies against the Spike and other structural proteins. Antibodies against Spike have been shown to display viral neutralization. However, not all antibodies against Spike have neutralizing ability although they may be cross-reactive. There is a need for easy-to-use SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing assays for the determination of virus-neutralizing activity in sera of individuals. Here we describe a PCR-based micro-neutralization assay that can be used to evaluate the viral neutralization titers of serum from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Methods: The SARS-CoV-2 strain used was isolated from a nasopharyngeal specimen of a COVID-19 case. The limiting dilution method was used to obtain a 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of Vero cells. For the micro-neutralization assay, 19 serum samples, with positive IgG titers against Spike Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) were tested. After 24 hours, infected cells were inspected for the presence of a cytopathic effect, lysed and RNA RT-PCR conducted for SARS-CoV-2. PCR target Ct values were used to calculate percent neutralization/inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Results: Out of 19 samples, 13 samples gave 100% neutralization at all dilutions, 1 sample showed neutralization at the first dilution, 4 samples showed neutralization at lower dilutions, while one sample did not demonstrate any neutralization. The RBD ODs and neutralization potential percentages were found to be positively correlated. Conclusion: We describe a rapid RT-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies. This can effectively be used to test the antiviral activity of serum antibodies for the investigation of both disease-driven and vaccine-induced responses.

School archives cause a profound concern regarding the safe-keeping and preservation of documents which are fundamental tools for the history of a school and for the construc‑ tion of educational memory. Their importance has come to be recognized and has led to considering their preservation, conditions of installations, the correct organization of the documents and access to the information therein. The school archives are a repository of sources of information directly related to the functioning of educational institutions, which confers upon them a growing importance in the new paths of research in educa‑ tion. This places these institutions in a centralised position as regards understanding ed‑ ucational phenomena and the socialisation processes of the younger generations. In this paper we intend to reflect about: the role of school archives in educational institutions; the documents, their nature and the potentials for research in education; school archives from an interdisciplinary perspective; the archives, school culture and the construction of educational memory.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is based on a thorough patient assessment, including peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) at rest and on exertion. To understand whether exercise-field tests identify patients who desaturate (SpO2 < 90%) during physical activities, this study compared the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and daily-life telemonitoring. Cross-sectional study including 100 patients referred for pulmonary rehabilitation. The 6MWT was performed in hospital with continuous assessment of SpO2, HR, walked distance and calculated metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs). Patients were also evaluated in real-life by SMARTREAB telemonitoring, a combined oximetry-accelerometery with remote continuous assessment of SpO2, HR and METs. SMARTREAB telemonitoring identified 24% more desaturators compared with the 6MWT. Moreover, there were significant mean differences between 6MWT and SMARTREAB in lowest SpO2 of 7.2 ± 8.4% (P < 0.0005), in peak HR of - 9.3 ± 15.5% (P < 0.0005) and also in activity intensity of - 0.3 ± 0.8 METs (P < 0.0005). The 6MWT underestimates the proportion of patients with exercise-induced oxygen desaturation compared to real-life telemonitoring. These results help defining oximetry-guided interventions, such as telemedicine algorithms, oxygen therapy titration and regular physical activity assessment in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Patients' and carers' views regarding the Portuguese model of home respiratory care were recently described, yet the complementary perspective of healthcare professionals (HCPs) is still to be investigated. Thus, this study explored HCPs experience in the management of patients needing home respiratory therapies (HRT), and their perspective about the Portuguese model. A phenomenological descriptive study, using focus groups, was carried out with 28 HCPs (median 42 y, 68% female) with distinct backgrounds (57% pulmonologists, 29% clinical physiologists, 7% physiotherapists, 7% nurses). Three focus groups were conducted in three regions of Portugal. Thematic analysis was performed by two independent researchers. HCPs have in general a positive view about the organization of the Portuguese model of home respiratory care, which was revealed in four major topics: Prescription (number of references, n = 171), Implementation and maintenance (n = 162), Carer involvement (n = 65) and Quality of healthcare (n = 247). Improvements needed were related to patients' late referral, HRT prescription (usability of the medical electronic prescription system and renewals burden), patients' education, access to hospital care team, lack of multidisciplinary work and articulation between hospital, primary and home care teams. This study describes the perspective of HCPs about the Portuguese model of home respiratory care and identifies specific points where improvements and reflections are needed. This knowledge may be useful to decision makers improve the current healthcare model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder known for the typical motor features associated. Pathologically, it is characterized by the intracellular accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Currently, there are no established biochemical markers for diagnosing or for following disease progression, a major limitation for the clinical practice. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in aSyn have been identified and implicated on its pathobiology. Since aSyn is abundant in blood erythrocytes, we aimed to evaluate whether PTMs of aSyn in the blood might hold value as a biomarker for PD. We examined 58 patients with PD and 30 healthy age-matched individuals. We found that the levels of Y125 phosphorylated, Y39 nitrated, and glycated aSyn were increased in PD, while those of SUMO were reduced. A combinatory analysis of the levels of these PTMs resulted in an increased sensitivity, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.843 for PD versus healthy controls, and correlated with disease severity and duration. We conclude that the levels of these selected PTMs hold strong potential as biochemical markers for PD. Ultimately, our findings might facilitate the monitoring of disease progression in clinical trials, opening the possibility for developing more effective therapies against PD.

Many clinically relevant pathogens, including certain bacteria and protozoan parasites, have developed an intracellular lifestyle that enables them to nestle in customized vacuoles. Although these pathogens are protected from extracellular defences, recent findings indicate that host cells have evolved multiple strategies to unmask the pathogen disguised by the vacuole and thereby initiate innate immune responses. In this Opinion article, we propose and discuss models by which hosts can sense 'professional' vacuolar pathogens, and we highlight the ability of the host to target these stealthy bacteria and parasites.

Background: It has been suggested that treatment with ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may improve motor function in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) with cytosine-adenine-guanine repeat numbers of <45. Methods: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month trial compared the effects of ethyl-EPA versus placebo on 290 subjects with mild-to-moderate HD. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to 6 months in the Total Motor Score 4 (TMS-4) component of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). Secondary endpoints included change from baseline in UHDRS subscores and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Results: No significant differences in TMS-4 scores were noted between treatment groups. Similarly, there were no significant differences between groups on any of the UHDRS subscores or CGI scores. Conclusion: Ethyl-EPA was not beneficial in patients with HD during 6 months of placebo-controlled evaluation.

During the last few decades, attention has increasingly focused on noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of chronic respiratory failure. The University of Leuven and the University Hospitals Leuven therefore chose this topic for a 2-day working group session during their International Symposium on Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Numerous European experts took part in this session and discussed (1) NIV in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (when to start NIV, NIV and sleep, secretion management, and what to do when NIV fails), (2) recent insights in NIV and COPD (high-intensity NIV, NIV in addition to exercise training, and NIV during exercise training), (3) monitoring of NIV (monitoring devices, built-in ventilator software, leaks, and asynchronies) and identifying events during NIV; and (4) recent and future developments in NIV (target-volume NIV, electromyography-triggered NIV, and autoregulating algorithms).

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that arises as a result of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. A growing body of research suggests that genetic variants within immune-related genes can influence the risk of developing the disease and affect drug response. Materials and methods: To test this hypothesis, we carried out a comprehensive two-stage case-control study in a White population of 1239 White RA patients and 1229 healthy controls to investigate whether 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms within or near 17 immune-related genes modulate the risk of developing RA and antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drug response. Results: Logistic regression analyses showed that carriers of the IL4rs2070874T and IL4rs2243250T and IL8RBrs1126580A alleles or the IL8RBrs2230054C/C genotype had a significantly increased risk of developing RA [odds ratio (OR)=1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.67, P=0.0016; OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.03-1.49, P=0.020; OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.41, P=0.002 and OR=1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.36, P=0.01, respectively]. The association of the IL4 variants was further supported by a meta-analysis including 7150 individuals (P =0.0010), whereas the involvement of the IL8RB locus in determining the susceptibility to RA was also supported by gene-gene interaction analyses that identified significant two-locus and three-locus interaction models including IL8RB variants that act synergistically to increase the risk of the disease (P=0.014 and 0.018). Interestingly, we also found that patients harbouring the IFNGrs2069705C allele showed a significantly better response to anti-TNF drugs than those patients carrying the wild-type allele (P=0.0075). Conclusions: Our data suggest that IL4 and IL8RB loci may have a small-effect genetic impact on the risk of developing RA, whereas IFNG might be involved in modulating the response to anti-TNF drugs.