Repositório RCAAP

Comparison of the third molar maturity index (I3M) between left and right lower third molars to assess the age of majority

No summary/description provided

Ano

2025-10-28T12:25:26Z

Creators

Angelakopoulos, N. Galić, I. Pereira, Palmela C.

Clinical value of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain in semantic dementia

Background: Semantic dementia (SD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive language problems falling within the clinicopathological spectrum of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The development of disease-modifying agents may be facilitated by the relative clinical and pathological homogeneity of SD, but we need robust monitoring biomarkers to measure their efficacy. In different FTLD subtypes, neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a promising marker, therefore we investigated the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfL in SD. Methods: This large retrospective multicentre study compared cross-sectional CSF NfL levels of 162 patients with SD with 65 controls. CSF NfL levels of patients were correlated with clinical parameters (including survival), neuropsychological test scores and regional grey matter atrophy (including longitudinal data in a subset). Results: CSF NfL levels were significantly higher in patients with SD (median: 2326 pg/mL, IQR: 1628-3593) than in controls (577 (446-766), p<0.001). Higher CSF NfL levels were moderately associated with naming impairment as measured by the Boston Naming Test (rs =-0.32, p=0.002) and with smaller grey matter volume of the parahippocampal gyri (rs =-0.31, p=0.004). However, cross-sectional CSF NfL levels were not associated with progression of grey matter atrophy and did not predict survival. Conclusion: CSF NfL is a promising biomarker in the diagnostic process of SD, although it has limited cross-sectional monitoring or prognostic abilities.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:23:14Z

Creators

Meeter, Lieke H. H. Steketee, Rebecca M. E. Salkovic, Dina Vos, Maartje E. Grossman, Murray McMillan, Corey T. Irwin, David J. Boxer, Adam L. Rojas, Julio C. Olney, Nicholas T. Karydas, Anna Miller, Bruce L. Pijnenburg, Yolande A. L. Barkhof, Frederik Sánchez-Valle, Raquel Lladó, Albert Borrego-Ecija, Sergi Diehl-Schmid, Janine Grimmer, Timo Goldhardt, Oliver Santillo, Alexander F. Hansson, Oskar Vestberg, Susanne Borroni, Barbara Padovani, Alessandro Galimberti, Daniela Scarpini, Elio Rohrer, Jonathan D. Woollacott, Ione O. C. Synofzik, Matthis Wilke, Carlo De Mendonça, Alexandre Vandenberghe, Rik Benussi, Luisa Ghidoni, Roberta Binetti, Giuliano Niessen, Wiro J. Papma, Janne M. Seelaar, Harro Jiskoot, Lize C. de Jong, Frank Jan Donker Kaat, Laura Del Campo, Marta Teunissen, Charlotte E. Bron, Esther E. Van den Berg, Esther Van Swieten, John C.

Incidence of acute aortic dissections in patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Objectives: Acute Aortic dissection (AAD) may present as out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, the incidence of this presentation is not well known. Our aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all observational studies reporting on the incidence of AAD in patients with OHCA. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection and OpenGrey databases from inception to March-2021, for observational studies reporting on the incidence of AAD in patients with OHCA. Data was pooled using a random-effects model of proportions. The primary outcome was the incidence of AAD in OHCA patients. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of type A aortic dissections (TAAD) and type B aortic dissections (TBAD) in OHCA patients, overall mortality following AAD-OHCA and risk of death in AAD-OHCA patients compared to risk of death of non-AAD-OHCA patients. Results: Fourteen studies were included. The pooled calculated incidence of OHCA due to AAD was 4.39% (95 %CI: 2.55; 6.8). Incidence of OHCA due to TAAD was 7.18% (95 %CI: 5.61; 8.93) and incidence of OHCA due to TBAD was 0.47% (95 %CI: 0.18; 0.85). Overall mortality following OHCA due to AAD was 100% (95 %CI: 97.62; 100). The risk of death in AAD-OHCA patients compared with non-AAD-OHCA patients was 1.10 (95 %CI: 0.94; 1.30). Conclusion: AAD as a cause of OHCA is more frequent than previously thought. Prognosis is dire, as it is invariably lethal. These findings should lead to a higher awareness of AAD when approaching a patient with OHCA and to future studies on this matter.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:12:26Z

Creators

Melo, Ryan Machado, Carolina Caldeira, Daniel Alves, Mariana Lopes, Alice Serrano, Maria Fernandes E Fernandes, Ruy Pedro, Luís M

Clinical correlates and prognostic impact of neurologic disorders in Takotsubo syndrome

Cardiac alterations are frequently observed after acute neurological disorders. Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) represents an acute heart failure syndrome and is increasingly recognized as part of the spectrum of cardiac complications observed after neurological disorders. A systematic investigation of TTS patients with neurological disorders has not been conducted yet. The aim of the study was to expand insights regarding neurological disease entities triggering TTS and to investigate the clinical profile and outcomes of TTS patients after primary neurological disorders. The International Takotsubo Registry is an observational multicenter collaborative effort of 45 centers in 14 countries (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01947621). All patients in the registry fulfilled International Takotsubo Diagnostic Criteria. For the present study, patients were included if complete information on acute neurological disorders were available. 2402 patients in whom complete information on acute neurological status were available were analyzed. In 161 patients (6.7%) an acute neurological disorder was identified as the preceding triggering factor. The most common neurological disorders were seizures, intracranial hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke. Time from neurological symptoms to TTS diagnosis was ≤ 2 days in 87.3% of cases. TTS patients with neurological disorders were younger, had a lower female predominance, fewer cardiac symptoms, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and higher levels of cardiac biomarkers. TTS patients with neurological disorders had a 3.2-fold increased odds of in-hospital mortality compared to TTS patients without neurological disorders. In this large-scale study, 1 out of 15 TTS patients had an acute neurological condition as the underlying triggering factor. Our data emphasize that a wide spectrum of neurological diseases ranging from benign to life-threatening encompass TTS. The high rates of adverse events highlight the need for clinical awareness.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:10:48Z

Creators

Cammann, Victoria L. Scheitz, Jan F. von Rennenberg, Regina Jäncke, Lutz Nolte, Christian H. Szawan, Konrad A. Stengl, Helena Würdinger, Michael Endres, Matthias Templin, Christian Ghadri, Jelena R. Citro, Rodolfo Vecchione, Carmine Bossone, Eduardo Gili, Sebastiano Neuhaus, Michael Franke, Jennifer Meder, Benjamin Jaguszewski, Miłosz Noutsias, Michel Knorr, Maike Jansen, Thomas D’Ascenzo, Fabrizio Dichtl, Wolfgang Burgdorf, Christof Kherad, Behrouz Tschöpe, Carsten Sarcon, Annahita Shinbane, Jerold Rajan, Lawrence Michels, Guido Pfister, Roman Cuneo, Alessandro Jacobshagen, Claudius Karakas, Mahir Koenig, Wolfgang Pott, Alexander Meyer, Philippe Roffi, Marco Banning, Adrian Wolfrum, Mathias Cuculi, Florim Kobza, Richard Fischer, Thomas A. Vasankari, Tuija Airaksinen, K. E. Juhani Napp, L. Christian Dworakowski, Rafal MacCarthy, Philip Kaiser, Christoph Osswald, Stefan Galiuto, Leonarda Chan, Christina Bridgman, Paul Beug, Daniel Delmas, Clément Lairez, Olivier Gilyarova, Ekaterina Shilova, Alexandra Gilyarov, Mikhail El-Battrawy, Ibrahim Akin, Ibrahim Poledniková, Karolina Toušek, Petr Winchester, David E. Galuszka, Jan Ukena, Christian Poglajen, Gregor Carrilho-Ferreira, Pedro Hauck, Christian Paolini, Carla Bilato, Claudio Kobayashi, Yoshio Kato, Ken Shoji, Toshihiro Ishibashi, Iwao Takahara, Masayuki Himi, Toshiharu Din, Jehangir Al-Shammari, Ali Prasad, Abhiram Rihal, Charanjit S. Liu, Kan Schulze, P. Christian Bianco, Matteo Jörg, Lucas Rickli, Hans Pestana, Gonçalo Nguyen, Thanh H. Böhm, Michael Maier, Lars S. Pinto, Fausto J. Widimský, Petr Felix, Stephan B. Braun-Dullaeus, Ruediger C. Rottbauer, Wolfgang Hasenfuß, Gerd Pieske, Burkert M. Schunkert, Heribert Budnik, Monika Opolski, Grzegorz Borggrefe, Martin Thiele, Holger Bauersachs, Johann Katus, Hugo A. Horowitz, John D. Di Mario, Carlo Münzel, Thomas Crea, Filippo Bax, Jeroen J. Scherff, Frank Niederseer, David Lüscher, Thomas F.

Patiromer for the management of hyperkalaemia in patients receiving renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors for heart failure: design and rationale of the DIAMOND trial

Aims: In patients with current or a history of hyperkalaemia, treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) is often compromised. Patiromer, a novel potassium (K+ ) binder, may improve serum K+ levels and adherence to RAASi. Methods: The DIAMOND trial will enroll ∼820 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; ejection fraction ≤40%). Patients meeting the screening criteria will enter a single-blinded run-in phase where they will be started or continued on a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) titrated to 50 mg/day and other RAASi therapy to ≥50% target dose, and patiromer. Patiromer will be titrated up to a maximum three packs/day (8.4 g/pack) to achieve optimal doses of RAASi without hyperkalaemia. The run-in phase will last up to 12 weeks, following which patients will undergo double-blind randomization in a 1:1 ratio to receive either continued patiromer or placebo (patiromer withdrawal). The primary endpoint is the mean difference in serum K+ from randomization between patiromer and placebo arms. Secondary endpoints will include hyperkalaemia events with K+ value >5.5 mEq/L, durable enablement of MRA at target dose, investigator-reported adverse events of hyperkalaemia, hyperkalaemia-related clinical endpoints and an overall RAASi use score (using a 0-8-point scale) comprising all-cause death, occurrence of cardiovascular hospitalization or usage of comprehensive heart failure medication. Conclusion: The DIAMOND trial is designed to determine if patiromer can favourably impact K+ control in patients with HFrEF with hyperkalaemia or a history of hyperkalaemia leading to RAASi therapy compromise, and in turn improve RAASi use.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:24:07Z

Creators

Butler, Javed Anker, Stefan D. Siddiqi, Tariq Jamal Coats, Andrew J. S. Dorigotti, Fabio Filippatos, Gerasimos Friede, Tim Göhring, Udo‐Michael Kosiborod, Mikhail N. Lund, Lars H. Metra, Marco Moreno Quinn, Carol Piña, Ileana L. Pinto, Fausto J. Rossignol, Patrick Szecsödy, Peter Van Der Meer, Peter Weir, Matthew Pitt, Bertram

À Superfície 2021

As obras presentes nesta mostra, trazem ao público uma reinterpretação do que poderão ser referências identitárias do passado mineiro da povoação [do Lousal]. A exposição, constitui-se assim, como ferramenta pedagógica para o estudo da transmissão da memória coletiva e da diversidade de usos e apropriações do espaço público hoje. Apresentando hipóteses de diálogo entre a vertente física e imaterial, cultural e social no Lousal, garantindo novas formas de leitura do território através da arte. Neste projecto contámos com o apoio da Câmara Municipal de Grândola, do Centro de Ciência Viva do Lousal, do Centro Comunitário do Lousal e da Junta de freguesia de Freguesia de Azinheira de Barros e São Mamede de Sádão

Ano

2025-10-28T12:23:53Z

Creators

Vicente, Sérgio

Clima relacional na família de origem e ambiente na família nuclear

No summary/description provided

Ano

2025-10-28T12:21:54Z

Creators

Ferreira, Cátia Vanessa Oliveira

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: initial experience of patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy

Introduction and objectives: Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is a potentially curative procedure in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This study reports the initial experience of a Portuguese PH center with patients undergoing PEA at an international surgical reference center. Methods: Prospective observational study of consecutive CTEPH patients followed at a national PH center, who underwent PEA at an international surgical reference center between October 2015 and March 2019. Clinical, functional, laboratory, imaging and hemodynamic parameters were obtained in the 12 months preceding the surgery and repeated between four and six months after PEA. Results: 27 consecutive patients (59% female) with a median age of 60 (49-71) years underwent PEA. During a median follow-up of 34 (21-48) months, there was an improvement in functional class in all patients, with only one cardiac death. From a hemodynamic perspective, there was a reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 48 (42-59) mmHg to 26 (22-38) mmHg, an increase in cardiac output from 3.3 (2.9-4.0) L/min to 4.9 (4.2-5.5) L/min and a reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance from 12.1 (7.2-15.5) uW to 3.5 (2.6-5,2) uW. During the follow-up, 44% (n=12) of patients had no PH criteria, 44% (n=12) had residual PH and 11% (n=3) had PH recurrence. There was a reduction of N-terminal pro-B-type natriureticpeptide from 868 (212-1730) pg/mL to 171 (98-382) pg/mL. Rright ventricular systolic function parameters revealed an improvement in longitudinal systolic excursion and peak velocity of the plane of the tricuspid ring from 14 (13-14) mm and 9 (8-10) cm/s to 17 (16-18) mm and 13 (11-15) cm/s, respectively. Of the 26 patients with preoperative right ventricular dysfunction, 85% (n=22) recovered. The proportion of patients on specific vasodilator therapy decreased from 93% to 44% (p<0.001) and the proportion of those requiring oxygen therapy decreased from 52% to 26% (p=0.003). The six-minute walk test distance increased by about 25% compared to the baseline and only eight patients had significant desaturation during the test. Conclusion: Pulmonary endarterectomy performed at an experienced high-volume center is a safe procedure with a very favorable medium-term impact on functional, hemodynamic and right ventricular function parameters in CTEPH patients with operable disease. It is possible for PH centers without PEA differentiation to refer patients safely and effectively to an international surgical center in which air transport is necessary.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:17:32Z

Creators

Plácido, Rui Guimarães, Tatiana Jenkins, David Cortez-Dias, Nuno Couto Pereira, Sara Cristina Campos, Paula Mineiro, Ana Lousada, Nuno Martins, Susana Moreira, Susana Dias, Ana Rocha Resende, Catarina Vieira, Rita Pinto, Fausto J.

Left ventricular remodelling in bicuspid aortic valve disease

Aims: Characterization of left ventricular (LV) geometric pattern and LV mass could provide an important insight into the pathophysiological adaptations of the LV to pressure and/or volume overload in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and significant (≥moderate) aortic valve (AV) disease. This study aimed to characterize LV remodelling and its prognostic impact in patients with BAV according to the predominant type of valvular dysfunction. Methods and results: In this international, multicentre BAV registry, 1345 patients [51.0 (37.0-63.0) years, 71% male] with significant AV disease were identified. Patients were classified as having isolated aortic stenosis (AS) (n = 669), isolated aortic regurgitation (AR) (n = 499) or mixed aortic valve disease (MAVD) (n = 177). LV hypertrophy was defined as a LV mass index >115 g/m2 in males and >95 g/m2 in females. LV geometric pattern was classified as (i) normal geometry: no LV hypertrophy, relative wall thickness (RWT) ≤0.42, (ii) concentric remodelling: no LV hypertrophy, RWT >0.42, (iii) concentric hypertrophy: LV hypertrophy, RWT >0.42, and (iv) eccentric hypertrophy: LV hypertrophy, RWT ≤0.42. Patients were followed-up for the endpoints of event-free survival (defined as a composite of AV repair/replacement and all-cause mortality) and all-cause mortality. Type of AV dysfunction was related to significant variations in LV remodelling. Higher LV mass index, i.e. LV hypertrophy, was independently associated with the composite endpoint for patients with isolated AS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.08 per 25 g/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.17, P = 0.046] and AR (HR 1.19 per 25 g/m2, 95% CI 1.11-1.29, P < 0.001), but not for those with MAVD. The presence of concentric remodelling, concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy were independently related to the composite endpoint in patients with isolated AS (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06-2.23, P = 0.024; HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.17-2.42, P = 0.005; HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.03-2.45, P = 0.038, respectively), while concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy were independently associated with the combined endpoint for those with isolated AR (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.35-4.60, P = 0.004 and HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.71-5.45, P < 0.001, respectively). There was no independent association observed between LV remodelling and the combined endpoint for patients with MAVD. Conclusions: LV hypertrophy or remodelling were independently associated with the composite endpoint of AV repair/replacement and all-cause mortality for patients with isolated AS and isolated AR, although not for patients with MAVD.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:29:12Z

Creators

Butcher, Steele C Pio, Stephan M Kong, William K F Singh, Gurpreet K Ng, Arnold C T Perry, Rebecca Sia, Ching-Hui Poh, Kian Keong Almeida, Ana G. González, Ariana Shen, Mylène Yeo, Tiong Cheng Shanks, Miriam Popescu, Bogdan A Galian Gay, Laura Fijałkowski, Marcin Liang, Michael Tay, Edgar Ajmone Marsan, Nina Selvanayagam, Joseph Pinto, Fausto Zamorano, Jose L Pibarot, Philippe Evangelista, Arturo Bax, Jeroen J Delgado, Victoria

Matéria-Prima, vol.7, nº1 (Jan./Abr. 2019)

A inclusão, a desmaterialização, a difusão das práticas artísticas para novos campos mais além das manualidades, as novas abordagens não formais pelos museus, trouxeram desafios acrescidos à educação artística. O panorama de pesquisa pelos investigadores é cada vez mais exigente e as propostas apresentam abordagens ao Museu sem lugar, ao emtrosamento cultural das pedagogias criticas, a aproximação às identidades, à complexidade da hibridação dos média, à ameaça dos cortes políticos nas esferas de decisão ou à crescente urbanização dos imaginários culturais contemporâneos.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:30:03Z

Creators

Queiroz, João Fonseca Da Silva, Maria Cristina Da Rosa Shah, Jaymini Pravinchandra Calado, Margarida Siebert, Emanuele Cristina Duarte Piña, Olga María Frazão, Carla Reis Rosa Da Silva, Ursula Santos, Marta Lizane Bottini dos Almeida, Elaine Karla de Pereira, Teresa Matos Portugal, Carla Cristina Santos Coreia Rocha Jorge, Filippa Camargo, Carlos Brites, Blanca Frade, Marta Varela, T. Duarte, Luísa Ré, Sofia Cueto, Belén Vasconcelos, Aurelice Mello, Regina Lara Silveira Silva, Renan dos Santos García González, Silvia Aristimuño, Felipe Matalonga Jorge, Sofia

Project “We Propose!” territorial citizenship and curricular innovation in portuguese geographical education

This paper considers the strengths of the project methodology for the construction of a more innovative, active and problematizing geographical education among Portuguese secondary students, through the critical reflection on the applicability of the Project “We Propose! / Nós Propomos!”, in the last five years. The methodological approach is based on a review of the national and international literature, a simplified content analysis of the last three curricular reforms in Portugal since the beginning of this century, and recourse to the explanation and interpretation of descriptive memories of the project. The scholarly significance of this study resides in the demonstration of how students are placed in contact with real-life geographers from the municipalities and local associations beyond the institutional and economic fabric of their surroundings and learn to value geographic knowledge and how geography can help in solving land use problems.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:22:08Z

Creators

Claudino, Sérgio Mendes, Luís

Achille et Troïlus: Esthétiques de la chasse

No summary/description provided

Ano

2025-10-28T12:21:14Z

Creators

Figueira, Ana Rita

Gilles Deleuze: Philosophie et Littérature

La découverte d’un permanent déplacement du regard de Deleuze sur l’art littéraire nous a conduit d’une sémiologie analytique des énoncés fictionnels à une pragmatique des agencements collectifs d’énonciation, ensuite à une philosophie de la Nature des machines abstraites littéraires, et finalement à une éthique de l’esprit fabulateur. Le fil conducteur est donné par le programme d’un empirisme transcendantal qui décrit et la genèse de l’expérience à partir de la violence que l’œuvre fait sur la pensée, et l’œuvre comme expression d’une forme de vie. De Proust à Beckett, en passant par Masoch, Kafka, Bene et Melville, on voit surgir les différentes figures d’une vie non-organique de l’art, laquelle porte les noms : «essence», «fantasme», «événement», «agencement», «devenir minoritaire», «peuple à venir» et «âme».

Ano

2025-10-28T12:12:52Z

Creators

Pombo Nabais, Catarina

A Avaliação de Riscos Climáticos nos Planos Municipais de Emergência em Portugal: métodos e experiência

Procede-se a uma breve reflexão sobre as metodologias de avaliação da perigosidade, suscetibilidade e risco associados a diferentes tipos de condições atmosféricas adversas, no contexto do planeamento de emergência à escala municipal. A colaboração dos autores em diversos planos municipais de emergência desenvolvidos entre 2011 e 2014 suscitou a realização de diferentes abordagens metodológicas, sendo aqui sucintamente apresentados alguns exemplos respeitantes a perigos como o nevoeiro, as tempestades ou as ondas de calor, avaliados em diferentes territórios municipais como o Funchal, Oeiras e Setúbal. É destacada a importância deste tipo de avaliação dever ser suportado por um conhecimento das características topoclimáticas dominantes nas áreas em estudo e apontam-se algumas possíveis soluções para algumas dificuldades que são comuns neste tipo de planos, nomeadamente, no que diz respeito à informação climática de suporte

Ano

2025-10-28T12:23:01Z

Creators

Lopes, António Fragoso, Marcelo Correia, Ezequiel

Cave-adapted beetles from continental Portugal

Background The cave biodiversity of continental Portugal faces tremendous conservation challenges, mostly linked to their direct destruction and contamination infiltrating from the surface. Beetles are the most diverse insects and one of the most diverse arthropod groups in caves of Portugal. New information We present the IUCN Red List profiles for the cave-adapted beetles from continental Portugal, all endemic to their respective geological units and massifs. Ground beetles (Carabidae) are the most diverse family of cave-adapted beetles in continental Portugal, followed by rove beetles (Staphylinidae). Beetles in caves of Portugal are mostly terrestrial and only one species is known to have evolved to live in groundwater. Trechus is the most diverse genus with four species, followed by Domene with three species and by Speonemadus and Iberoporus, both with one cave-adapted species. The aim of this contribution is to assess all endemic cave-adapted species of beetles from continental Portugal and to support their specific protection, to promote adequate management of surface habitats and the establishment of priority areas for conservation. The main biodiversity erosion drivers that are impacting the conservation of the studied species are pollution infiltrating from the surface, urbaniation, modifications of the natural habitat for touristic purposes and mining, quarrying and energy production infrastructures. This document can be used in spatial planning and territory management in karst, based on the current scientific knowledge.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:14:42Z

Creators

Sofia Reboleira, Ana Eusébio, Rita

Penetrative and non-penetrative interaction between Laboulbeniales fungi and their arthropod hosts

Laboulbeniales are a highly specialized group of fungi living only on arthropods. They have high host specificity and spend their entire life-cycle on an arthropod host. Taxonomic characters of Laboulbeniales are based on the architecture of the cells of the parenchymal thallus, i.e. the visible part of the fungus outside the host. The extent of the fungus spreading inside the host—the haustorium—remains largely unknown. The attachment to the arthropod host is fundamental to understand the fungus-animal interaction, but how this truly occurs is unclear. Recent evidences question the strictly parasitic life-style of Laboulbeniales. We used micro-computed tomography (µCT) and 3D reconstructions to visualize, for the first time, the complete structure of Laboulbeniales species in situ on their hosts. We compared the haustoriate species, Arthrorhynchus nycteribiae on an insect host to the non-haustoriate species, Rickia gigas on a millipede host. Our results confirm that some Laboulbeniales species are ectoparasitic and have a haustorial structure that penetrates the host’s cuticle, while others are ectobionts and are only firmly attached to the host’s cuticle without penetrating it. The presence and the morphology of the haustorium are important traits for Laboulbeniales evolution, and key factors for future understanding of host dependence and specificity.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:13:33Z

Creators

Reboleira, Ana Sofia Moritz, Leif Santamaria, Sergi Enghoff, Henrik

Developing a social prescribing local system in a European Mediterranean country: a feasibility study to promote active and healthy aging

Background: Social Prescribing (SP) is an innovative strategy to respond to the non-clinical health needs of the population. A Social Prescribing Local System (SPLS) can be defined as a set of joined community, health, and social organizations to foster SP-oriented activities. This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility of an SPLS implemented in a Mediterranean country, to promote health and wellbeing and contribute to active and healthy aging. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was followed, including three sequential components: 1) Cross-sectional online survey targeting health professionals (HP) working in a primary health care cluster, Portugal's southern region; 2) Pilot study implementing an on-the-job training program for HP, designed to meet identified training needs in the survey; 3) Focus group (FG) with the HP who participated in the pilot study, two individual interviews, with an elderly patient and a community provider for assessing the satisfaction with the pilot test. Results: Sixty-five HP completed the survey; of these, 13 completed the theoretical part of the on-the-job training program; and six (out of these 13) completed the full program. Five HP participated in the FG, one patient and one community provider were interviewed. The surveyed HP perceived as facilitators to implement SP: an automatic system of notifications to prompt the use of SP, contribute to patient satisfaction, human and community resources' stability. The survey also highlighted barriers to SP implementation: length of appointments, shortage of human resources, data records confidentiality, low patient adherence rates, bureaucratic issues, time constraints, and financial costs. Participants were satisfied with the training. Identified SPLS implementation benefits were grouped into four dimensions (from the qualitative approach): gains for patients' health and wellbeing, support for the health services, sustainability of the community resources, and HP' professional satisfaction. Conclusions: Our study took the first steps towards the implementation of an SPLS. Findings reinforce that training HP in SP and on-the-job training seems feasible. This approach was well received and appears to represent a suitable and sustainable strategy. It can promote professional satisfaction, support health services, contribute to the stability of community resources, improve health and promote active and healthy aging.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:25:00Z

Creators

Costa, Andreia Lopes, J. Sousa, Carla Joana Santos, Osvaldo Virgolino, Ana Nogueira, Paulo Jorge Henriques, Adriana Seabra, Paulo Capitão, Carolina Martins, Raquel Arriaga, Miguel Alarcão, Violeta

A semântica da percepção visual em textos alemães de jovens : abordagem cognitiva

Na perspectiva da Linguística Cognitiva é impossível dissociar o homem, sujeito falante, do mundo no qual se insere e com o qual interage. Assim, a experiência física desempenha um papel preponderante na construção desse mesmo mundo. Assim sendo, com base na Semântica das Cenas e dos Frames (Fillmore), propomo-nos analisar a semântica das representações de percepção visual com o prefixo an- em blogues e fóruns alemães de jovens, com o objectivo de analisar semanticamente os frames destas ocorrências e, como tal, aceder às cenas que representam as experiências quotidianas vivenciadas quer ao nível individual, quer ao nível de grupo. A análise destes textos, fortemente ancorados na dimensão experiencial, permite pôr em evidência a construção do mundo por parte desses mesmos jovens que se perfilam como registos de aproximação a vivências de outros jovens e de distanciamento relativamente a comportamentos dos adultos.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:17:46Z

Creators

Amaro, Eduarda Maria Morgado Afonso

Genomic mechanisms of gene expression regulation in the Squalius alburnoides hybrid complex

Organismos poliplóides são organismos caracterizados pelo aumento do número de cópias genómicas. Estes funcionam como reservas de variação latente que ao se tornarem visíveis à selecção lhes confere vantagem evolutiva. A evolução das plantas deve-se grandemente a este fenómeno, uma vez que as novas combinações geram novos fenótipos e portanto rápida evolução adaptativa. Mesmo em animais, embora mais raros há casos de taxa poliplóides. Apesar disso, estes organismos estão sujeitos a uma maior instabilidade genómica, seja por aumento da carga genética de um só genoma devido à sua endoduplicação (autopoliplóides) ou por aumento desta carga através da hibridação de genomas distintos (alopoliplóides). Desta forma, para que o organismo se mantenha equilibrado a nível funcional esta instabilidade tem de ser ultrapassada. Por outro lado, tem-se verificado em plantas poliplóides que esta amplificação não é linear, ou seja, a quantidade de genoma não é proporcional à sua expressão génica. Por exemplo, foi demonstrado em milho poliplóide a existência de um efeito de dosagem na expressão génica. Actualmente sabe-se que este efeito depende grandemente da re-organização do genoma. Esta organização pode ser não só genética, mas também epigenética. Um excelente organismo para o estudo dos efeitos da poliploidização do genoma em animais é o complexo Squalius alburnoides. Esta espécie, pertencente à Família Cyprinidae, foi descrita inicialmente como tendo três diferentes ploidias no mesmo complexo: diplóide, triplóide e tetraplóide. Actualmente sabe-se que este complexo tem uma origem híbrida resultante de um cruzamento entre um ancestral materno de S. pyrenaicus (genoma P) e de um ancestral paterno semelhante ao actual Anaecypris hispanica (genoma A). S. alburnoides encontra-se actualmente distribuído por toda a Península Ibérica. Em Portugal, a distribuição do complexo ocorre nos rios de Norte ao Sul do país, mas enquanto no Sul há incorporação do genoma P por interacção com a espécie Squalius pyrenaicus, no Norte o complexo incorpora o genoma C, uma vez que interage com a espécie Squalius carolitertii. Esta incorporação resulta das diferentes formas de reprodução do complexo que dão origem a diferentes combinações de genomas e ploidias. Em vertebrados, Pala et al., (2008) descobriu pela primeira vez que nas formas triplóides do complexo S. alburnoides existia silenciamento génico em alguns alelos envolvendo também um mecanismo de compensação de dose na expressão génica de alguns dos genes investigados. Consequentemente colocou-se a questão se o silenciamento seria num haploma inteiro ou não. Observou-se que nos indivíduos híbridos triplóides havia contribuição diferencial de genomas, ou seja, em diferentes genes verificou-se a ocorrência de duas situações diferentes: exclusiva expressão do genoma A ou expressão bialélica (PA). Não havendo portanto silenciamento de uma cópia de genoma inteira. Adicionalmente, ao comparar vários genes diferentes percebeu-se que havia preferência para o silenciamento das cópias de genoma P, verificando-se que o silenciamento não ocorria completamente ao acaso. É possível que nos híbridos de S. alburnoides este mecanismo actue de forma plástica, podendo haver alelos que escapem aos vários mecanismos de regulação. De uma forma geral, em S. alburnoides os constrangimentos genéticos em poliplóides são ultrapassados mimetizando um contexto diplóide. No entanto, permanecem desconhecidos que mecanismos estão subjacentes à regulação da expressão e ao silenciamento diferencial dos alelos. Em plantas, já foram estudados variados processos de regulação génica. Entre estes encontramse a metilação ao nível do DNA e modificação das histonas que dependendo da sua localização desempenham um importante papel na regulação da estrutura da cromatina. A metilação envolve modificações covalentes no material genético das células. Eucariotas superiores possuem este mecanismo de regulação que actua adicionando um grupo metil às citosinas dos dinucleótidos CG, com a finalidade de impedir a transcrição. Uma vez adquirido um determinado padrão de metilação, os tecidos mantêm-no nas suas células ao longo de vários ciclos celulares devido à actividade da metiltransferase que metila as novas cadeias de DNA sintetizadas. Inclusive, pelo menos em plantas, sabe-se que esse padrão pode atravessar diversas gerações. Estudos anteriores mostram uma relação entre plantas alotetraplóides, tanto sintéticas como naturais, e modificações por metilação no genoma. Por outro lado, diversos estudos evidenciam que, embora bastante conservados, os microRNAs variam a sua expressão mesmo em espécies próximas. Além disso, mostrou-se estarem envolvidos nas variações da regulação génica de plantas alopoliploides, não havendo expressão aditiva. Os small RNAs foram inicialmente identificados em Caenorhabditis elegans e fazem parte de uma classe de RNAs não codificantes tendo normalmente ≈22 nucleótidos de comprimento. Actualmente, já estão descritos diversos tipos de RNA não codificantes para além dos microRNA que possuem também uma função regulatória. Embora estas classificações ainda sejam relativamente recentes, pode-se afirmar com clareza que ambos os miRNAs e os siRNAs (também designados por tasiRNAs) são processados pelo mesmo complexo com o intuito de regular o silenciamento génico. Desta forma, o produto final da sua biogénese é responsável tanto pela degradação do transcrito como pela repressão de tradução. Assim, poderemos questionar se nos organismos poliplóides, este ou outro tipo de RNAs não codificantes, poderão estar a controlar a expressão génica de forma a permitir a este tipo de organismos superar a instabilidade causada pelo aumento da dose génica, ou até pela junção de dois genomas diferentes. Tendo em conta os mecanismos já descritos em plantas, torna-se imperativo tentar perceber de que forma estes terão igualmente um papel decisivo na regulação génica que ocorre em vertebrados, mais especificamente no complexo Squalius alburnoides. Para tal, usaram-se indivíduos AA, PA e PAA do complexo e ainda PPs que foram analisados para esclarecer duas possibilidades: a regulação por microRNAs e a regulação por metilação de DNA. Enquanto que o primeiro requereu uma análise através de Sequenciação de Nova Geração e microarrays, a segunda abordagem usou endonucleases com diferentes sensibilidades à metilação e um ensaio imunológico com afinidade para DNA metilado. Após um extensivo controlo de qualidade das bibliotecas sequenciadas, verificou-se que S. pyrenaicus possuía um perfil de expressão mais distante do que os indivíduos pertencentes ao complexo e que estes últimos possuíam os seus miRNA mais expressos do que PP, o que seria de esperar visto fazerem parte de um complexo alopoliplóide, necessitando portanto de maior regulação. A técnica de hibridação em microarrays revelou ter um padrão de expressão bastante semelhante ao obtido nos dados da sequenciação, apesar do seu elevado background e do facto da análise individual da expressão de miRNAs na maioria dos casos não se mostrar reprodutível com os resultados obtidos através da sequenciação. Além disso encontraram-se ainda sequências de 33 nucleótidos mais expressas em triplóides (PAA) provavelmente sendo algum tipo de smallRNA ainda não identificado, mas que poderá ter um papel importante da compensação de dosagem. Por outro lado, a metilação de DNA mostrou ser significativamente diferente e elevada nos indivíduos triplóides em comparação aos outros indivíduos analisados do complexo. Adicionalmente, verificou-se o expectável para as diferenças nos níveis de metilação de DNA entre órgãos tendo em conta a diversidade de genes a serem expressos em cada caso, sendo o fígado o tecido menos metilado e as células sanguíneas o mais metilado. No geral, os resultados deste estudos apontam para a existência de um mecanismo regulatório pré-transcricional por metilação de DNA nas formas triplóides, ao invés de um controlo póstranscricional massivo. De uma perspectiva evolutiva, não faz sentido transcrever genes que irão depois ser regulados por um qualquer mecanismo pós-transcricional. Tendo isto em conta, faz sentido que os triplóides PAA regulem a sua expressão génica de forma a obterem uma expressão semelhante à de um diplóide, preferencialmente através do mecanismo de metilação de genoma e usando apenas os miRNA para pequenos ajustes de expressão dirigidos a específicos transcritos alvo.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:24:33Z

Creators

Pinho, Joana Gonçalves Fernandes, 1988-

Scholarly publishing and peer-review in times of crisis: an overview

We present the main conclusions, lessons learned, and recommendations of the work carried out in the COVID-19 Rapid Review Initiative, published in a detailed report (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. 17125394.v1), prepared by the Research-on-Research Institute (RoRI, http://researchonresearch.org/) in collaboration with researchers, publishers, and other scholarly communication experts.

Ano

2025-10-28T12:15:10Z

Creators

Henriques, Susana Oliveira Waltman, Ludo Pinfield, Stephen Rzayeva, Narmin