Repositório RCAAP

A obra contém as actas da II Conferência de Ciências da Arte, subordinada ao tema "As Artes visuais e as outras artes - Arte e abstracção", organizada pelo Grupo de Ciências e Teorias da Arte, da Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade de Lisboa, onde decorreram em Maio de 2008

Desde a criação do paradigma DRM (Deese, 1959/Roediger e McDermott, 1995) que o fenómeno de memórias falsas tem sido extensivamente investigado (Gallo, 2010) através do uso de listas de palavras associadas a uma palavra crítica não apresentada. Duas teorias de particular relevo que pretendem explicar o fenómeno são a Teoria fuzzy-trace (Brainerd e Reyna, 2002) e a Teoria de activação-monitorização (Roediger et al. 2001). A primeira assume que as memórias falsas ocorrem devido à extracção de um traço gist representativo do tema geral das listas. Na segunda ocorrem memórias falsas devido às associações existentes entre as palavras da lista e a palavra crítica, sendo esta automaticamente activada. Apesar de estas teorias oferecerem explicações muito diferentes para o mesmo fenómeno, é possível que ambas descrevam processos igualmente válidos para que ocorram memórias falsas. O objectivo do presente estudo prende-se numa tentativa de perceber se estaremos perante dois processos distintos através dos quais se geram memórias falsas: um automático, baseado na activação associativa, e outro mais estratégico e deliberado, baseado na extracção temática. Foram utilizadas listas com dois tipos de itens críticos, um item associativo, correspondente à palavra crítica, e um item temático, identificado num pré-teste como o tema da lista e foi manipulado o tipo de instrução e a velocidade de resposta no teste de reconhecimento. Os resultados mostram na generalidade maiores níveis de memórias falsas para itens associativos e ainda que as manipulações experimentais que visam interferir com processos deliberados afectam sobretudo o falso reconhecimento dos itens temáticos. Em comparação com os itens associativos, os itens temáticos foram de uma forma geral mais facilmente rejeitados possivelmente através da estratégia “identificar-para-rejeitar”.

O presente brief procura contribuir para a compreensão do funcionamento do programa Parlamento dos Jovens (PJ), o seu impacto no processo de educação/formação para a democracia e na participação política dos jovens. Com efeito, a participação neste tipo de programas poderá contribuir para a formação de cidadãos conscientes, politicamente ativos e interventivos nos processos democráticos, exercendo direitos e deveres da convivência em sociedade.

In recent years, research in the areas of Aspergillus and aspergillosis has continued to advance rapidly, including advancements in genomics, immunological studies, clinical areas, and diagnostic areas. Recently, new risk groups for the development of aspergillosis have emerged—patients with influenza- or COVID-19-ssociated pulmonary aspergillosis. The rise and spread of antifungal resistances have also become a clinical concern in some geographic areas and have drawn the attention of clinicians due to difficulties in treating these infections. In this paper, a snapshot of these issues is presented, emphasizing these novel clinical and laboratorial challenges in the aspergillosis field and focusing on their actual relevance.

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) carbapenemase has been considered a global threat due to its worldwide widespread in recent years. In Portugal, a very low number of infections with NDM-producing Enterobacterales has been reported. A total of 52 strains from 40 patients and 1 environmental sample isolated during COVID-19 pandemic were included in this study. Wholegenome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 20 carbapenemase-producing strains, including 17 NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11-KL105 lineage strains, one NDM-1-producing Escherichia coli ST58 strain and one KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae ST147 strain, recovered from a total of 19 patients. Of interest, also one NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae ST11-KL105 was collected from the hospital environment. Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis revealed an ongoing dissemination of NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae ST11 strains (n = 18) with the same genetic features seen across multiple wards. Furthermore, the ST58 E. coli strain, collected from a patient rectal swab that was also colonised with a K. pneumoniae strain, also showed the IncFIA plasmid replicon and the blaNDM-1 gene (preceded by IS30 and followed by genes bleMBL, trpF, dsbC, cutA, groES and groEL). The blaNDM-1 is part of Tn125-like identical to those reported in Poland, Italy and India. The blaKPC-3 K. pneumoniae ST147-KL64 strain has the genetic environment Tn4401d isoform. In conclusion, herein we report the molecular epidemiology, resistome, virulome and mobilome of the first NDM-1 carbapenemase outbreak caused by K. pneumoniae ST11-KL105 lineage during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal. Moreover, the outbreak strains characterised included seventeen different patients (infected and colonised) and one environmental sample which also emphasises the role of commensal and hospital environment strains in the dissemination of the outbreak.

Introduction: The promotion of health literacy of the population in a situation of migration, in the community, is a fundamental field of intervention in health promotion, for the reduction of inequalities in access to health care services. It is increasingly necessary to make health care services more equitable for migrant populations. The aim of the study was to characterize the level of health literacy of the population in a migrant situation, attending a primary health care unit in the Lisbon region, to identify priority areas for community intervention that will become the focus of intervention and contribute to the increase in the health literacy levels in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by applying the Health Literacy Survey (ILS-PT) to a sample of the population in a situation of migration, found by 27 participants. Results: The general health literacy index of the sample is inadequate (21.23 points). An analysis of the sub-indexes revealed that 75% of the participants had difficulties related to information about health care and 80% had difficulties in the field of health promotion. Conclusions: Problematic and inadequate levels of health literacy was significantly frequent among migrant population. So that enhancing health literacy among migrant is essential to reduce health inequalities to achieve better health outcomes and contribute to defense of human rights of this vulnerable population.

Skeletal muscle contains a designated population of adult stem cells, called satellite cells, which are generally quiescent. In homeostasis, satellite cells proliferate only sporadically and usually by asymmetric cell division to replace myofibres damaged by daily activity and maintain the stem cell pool. However, satellite cells can also be robustly activated upon tissue injury, after which they undergo symmetric divisions to generate new stem cells and numerous proliferating myoblasts that later differentiate to muscle cells (myocytes) to rebuild the muscle fibre, thereby supporting skeletal muscle regeneration. Recent discoveries show that satellite cells have a great degree of population heterogeneity, and that their cell fate choices during the regeneration process are dictated by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Extrinsic cues come largely from communication with the numerous distinct stromal cell types in their niche, creating a dynamically interactive microenvironment. This Review discusses the role and regulation of satellite cells in skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. In particular, we highlight the cell-intrinsic control of quiescence versus activation, the importance of satellite cell–niche communication, and deregulation of these mechanisms associated with ageing. The increasing understanding of how satellite cells are regulated will help to advance muscle regeneration and rejuvenation therapies.

One of the main objectives of the scientific enterprise is the development of well-performing yet parsimonious models for all natural phenomena and systems. In the 21st century, scientists usually represent their models, hypotheses, and experimental observations using digital computers. Measuring performance and parsimony of computer models is therefore a key theoretical and practical challenge for 21st century science. “Performance” here refers to a model’s ability to reduce predictive uncertainty about an object of interest. “Parsimony” (or complexity) comprises two aspects: descriptive complexity – the size of the model itself which can be measured by the disk space it occupies – and computational complexity – the model’s effort to provide output. Descriptive complexity is related to inference quality and generality; computational complexity is often a practical and economic concern for limited computing resources. In this context, this paper has two distinct but related goals. The first is to propose a practical method of measuring computational complexity by utility software “Strace”, which counts the total number of memory visits while running a model on a computer. The second goal is to propose the “bit by bit” method, which combines measuring computational complexity by “Strace” and measuring model performance by information loss relative to observations, both in bit. For demonstration, we apply the “bit by bit” method to watershed models representing a wide diversity of modelling strategies (artificial neural network, auto-regressive, processbased, and others). We demonstrate that computational complexity as measured by “Strace” is sensitive to all aspects of a model, such as the size of the model itself, the input data it reads, its numerical scheme, and time stepping. We further demonstrate that for each model, the bit counts for computational complexity exceed those for performance by several orders of magnitude and that the differences among the models for both computational complexity and performance can be explained by their setup and are in accordance with expectations. We conclude that measuring computational complexity by “Strace” is practical, and it is also general in the sense that it can be applied to any model that can be run on a digital computer. We further conclude that the “bit by bit” approach is general in the sense that it measures two key aspects of a model in the single unit of bit. We suggest that it can be enhanced by additionally measuring a model’s descriptive complexity – also in bit.

Background: Trophic shifts from one dietary niche to another have played major roles in reshaping the evolutionary trajectories of a wide range of vertebrate groups, yet their consequences for morphological disparity and species diversity differ among groups. Methods: Here, we use phylogenetic comparative methods to examine whether the evolution of nectarivory and other trophic shifts have driven predictable evolutionary pathways in Australasian psittaculid parrots in terms of ecological traits such as body size, beak shape, and dispersal capacity. Results: We found no evidence for an ‘early-burst’ scenario of lineage or morphological diversification. The bestfitting models indicate that trait evolution in this group is characterized by abrupt phenotypic shifts (evolutionary jumps), with no sign of multiple phenotypic optima correlating with different trophic strategies. Thus, our results point to the existence of weak directional selection and suggest that lineages may be evolving randomly or slowly toward adaptive peaks they have not yet reached. Conclusions: This study adds to a growing body of evidence indicating that the relationship between avian morphology and feeding ecology may be more complex than usually assumed and highlights the importance of adding more flexible models to the macroevolutionary toolbox.

O projeto INCCA (Adaptação Integrada às Alterações Climáticas para Comunidades Resilientes) tem por objetivo promover uma abordagem que integre a adaptação às alterações climáticas e a mitigação da erosão costeira em perspetivas de curto, médio e longo-prazo. A adaptação e mitigação deve considerar as dimensões social, ambiental, económica e de engenharia, para ajudar os órgãos de decisão a conceber planos de ação para implementação de estratégias de adaptação às alterações climáticas sustentáveis e duradouras. É um projeto com uma componente participativa, que pretende envolver as populações locais e stakeholders através da realização de workshops de forma a desenvolver um modelo participativo e económico, reduzindo a vulnerabilidade dos territórios costeiros e aumentando a resiliência das comunidades locais. Este trabalho apresenta uma componente do projeto INCCA, cujo objetivo inicial corresponde ao desenvolvimento de um manual de medidas de mitigação e adaptação à erosão costeira e às alterações climáticas, de aplicação transversal a todas as zonas costeiras de características arenosas sedimentares. Esta compilação, identificação e caracterização de medidas é um processo dinâmico, que no âmbito do projeto INCCA, conta com o envolvimento das comunidades locais e stakeholders, através da realização de workshops participativos realizados no concelho de Ovar (caso de estudo do projeto) e apresenta neste momento 53 medidas. A listagem das medidas de mitigação e adaptação à erosão costeira e às alterações climáticas, bem como, cada uma das 53 fichas individuais já construídas, estão disponíveis online (http://incca.web.ua.pt/) e podem ser consultadas e comentadas.

Adaptation Pathways is a decision support tool designed to create adaptation policies under different climate change scenarios. This tool has been used successfully in several sectors and contexts such as coastal and river adaptation, urban heat waves, floods and rural livelihoods but its use in natural resource management, has faced several challenges and limitations. In the sector of agroforestry its use has seldom been done or documented and one of the reasons for this may due to some of its specific challenges. In this study, these challenges were addressed when using the Adaptation Pathways for the adaptation planning of three case studies in the semi-arid Alentejo region, a Mediterranean dryland of southern Portugal. This tool was integrated in a participatory approach combined with the Scenario Workshop method, to plan the adaptation of the agriculture and forestry sector of one municipality (Mértola) and two agroforestry farms (221 ha and 1000 ha). The methodology included, for each case study, 20 interviews, two workshops, literature review, expert analysis and the use of indicators of efficacy of adaptation measures, to define tipping points. The adaptation process and the resulting adaptation plans were evaluated by questionnaire and expert review. This combination of methods has supported the choice of effective adaptation measures for the case studies and when combined with several adaptation pathways and a landscape approach it supported the creation of integrated climate change adaptation plans that are now in implementation. We discuss how this combination of methods deals with limitation to Adaptation Pathways identified in the literature, conclude that the method was able to create adaptation plans that are now under implementation and present avenues for future research.

É bem conhecido o impulso dado por D. Dinis ao desenvolvimento naval do reino português. A contratação do Almirante Manuel Pessanha trouxe para Lisboa um homem experiente na guerra marítima, que se revelou indispensável na composição da marinha portuguesa. Além dos homens também outras estruturas, muito menos conhecidas, foram essenciais para o referido desenvolvimento naval. As tercenas régias de Lisboa, erguidas no século XIII, foram uma das mais importantes bases navais do reino até ao final do século XV, momento em que a sua funcionalidade se alterou definitivamente, deixando a construção naval para funcionarem a partir dessa época como um grande armazém da propriedade régia. Este estudo pretende trazer à luz novo conhecimento sobre as tercenas régias de Lisboa, e a sua história e evolução entre os reinados de D. Dinis e D. Fernando, momentos em que esta estrutura de apoio à construção naval teve um papel fundamental na construção de galés. No artigo iremos abordar a evolução desta estrutura, tentando reconstituir a sua forma arquitectónica até aqui desconhecida, a partir do nosso conhecimento de estruturas semelhantes de outras cidades portuárias, e também a partir dos resultados arqueológicos das escavações efectuadas no local onde existiram as tercenas régias, no quarteirão do Banco de Portugal. A par do tratamento destes dados, a análise da documentação medieval permite-nos conhecer a evolução desta estrutura e também perceber melhor a sua importância efectiva na história naval do reino português. Neste artigo apresentaremos algumas ilustrações sobre a evolução das tercenas medievais na referida época, as quais se baseiam na investigação documental realizada neste trabalho.

O funcionamento de um sistema de ensino nos dias que correm, abrange mais que as próprias aulas e matérias, sendo indispensável aos alunos um acesso facilitado a sistemas de gestão e a aplicações que lhes permitam pagar propinas, inscreverem-se em exames, acederem a notas, etc. A própria Faculdade deixou de ser apenas um espaço onde se aprende, para passar a ser ela própria, uma espécie de fornecedora de serviços para que não falte nada aos seus alunos, docentes e funcionários. Neste contexto, a adopção de uma metodologia de desenvolvimento e de ferramentas tecnológicas que facilitem o desenvolvimento e a gestão de serviços, por parte do Centro de Informática da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, é essencial para que seja garantida uma eficiente resposta às necessidades de toda a Faculdade e meio envolvente. Este projecto procura a implementação e estruturação de uma metodologia ágil de desenvolvimento, definindo todos os seus processos, bem como todas as reponsabilidades e papéis dos diversos intervenientes e as ferramentas a utilizar para dar resposta ao desenvolvimento de aplicações e serviços por parte da FCUL.

Manual de aprendizagem de Grego Antigo, nível cinco, semestral. Contem texto estabelecido e anotado pela autora e fichas de trabalho com tradução e exercícios variados.

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This paper analyzes the narrative structures and the rhetorical processes used in Tacitus’ Annals to develop two aspects of Germanicus’ laudatio: the memory of who he used to be and the praise of what he did. Building on Germanicus’ own words to his wife Agrippina on his deathbed (Ann. 2.72) and on his friends’ wish to revenge his death, Tacitus creates the memory of a unique character and weaves the tragic destiny of the people that had surrounded him. At the same time, the chapters that recall the last moments of Germanicus and his final will entrusted to his wife are a guide to the interpretation of the first six chapters of Book 3, with its discontinuities and progressions, drawing a picture full of pathos and dark tragedy.

With few exceptions, Tacitus narrates the events in a way that omits or dispenses material details (specific reference to objects, definitions of time or space ...), except when mentioning them specifically serves his literary or ideological goals. This leads us to understand that, when present, each of these concrete elements has a meaning and a function, contributing to the dramatization of the narrative. In this text, we analyze the scope of details that can fit into the vast category of ‘landscape’ (urban landscape, but also wartorn fields), including the landscape of death, the loneliness of those who die abandoned by all.

Recensão crítica a Obras de Salústio (Madrid, Cátedra).

Recensão crítica a edição dos Epigramas de Marcial (Madrid, Akal).

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