RCAAP Repository

NUNES, Jefferson Veras. Livres, puros e felizes: culturas juvenis e festas rave em Fortaleza. 2010. 200f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2010.

This work describes the computer implementation and the main features of a new software that characterizes viscoelastic materials. This new proposed software is based on the representation of viscoelastic functions (relaxation modulus and creep compliance) by a Prony series, which the literature has proved to be a representative and computational efficient function for viscoelastic materials. Although the Prony series has these desired characteristics, it is not an easy task to obtain it from experimental data because it involves many numerical steps, which result in a non-practical method to be performed in a common spreadsheet software. In order to avoid such difficulties, this specific software was conceived to read experimental data and promptly output the fitted Prony series in a faster way. It was comprehensively used the object-oriented approach in C++ computer language associated with open-source wxWidgets graphical library. In order to give a general overview of the implemented code, the main classes for both numerical and graphical interface are shown. The main features available on this software are: construction of master curves; collocation method and least squares method to fit Prony series; possibility to set the independent term,the time constants and the number of dependent terms of the Prony series; and interconversion between viscoelastic functions.

This paper discusses the consideration of the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures in the stress analysis of flexible pavements and presents an incremental algorithm, based on the Finite Element Method, for the analysis of viscoelastic solids. The algorithm uses the integral approach where the stress is written as a convolution integral and the rexalation modulus is represented by a Prony series. The semi-analytic solution of this convolution integral leads to an efficient incremental algorithm where the variables at the current time depend only on the values of the previous step. The algorithm is validated by using a well-known example whose analytical solution can be found by the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle and is applied to assess the influence of the viscoelastic behavior in the mechanical response of a flexible pavement.

A determinação das tensões e deformações em pavimentos asfálticos é um problema complexo devido ao comportamento não-linear e dependente do tempo dos materiais utilizados, à geometria e às condições de contorno intrínsecas ao problema. A solução exata do problema da análise de tensões em sólidos, a partir da resolução de uma equação diferencial, nem sempre é possível, sendo assim necessário o uso de métodos numéricos. O Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) é um dos procedimentos mais utilizados na análise de sólidos e estruturas Neste trabalho será apresentado um gerador de malhas axissimétricas de pavimentos asfálticos, desenvolvido utilizando a linguagem computacional C++. Como as regiões de concentrações de tensões localizam-se nas proximidades do carregamento, o programa permite a geração de malhas bastante refinadas nas regiões da aplicação da carga. À medida que se afasta deste ponto, o tamanho dos elementos aumenta na forma de forma suave através de uma progressão aritmética. Em virtude de ser um pré-processador específico para pavimentos, a geração da malha pode ser feita de maneira rápida e eficiente e a quantidade de dados de entrada é pequena o que facilita sua utilização. Exemplos de malhas geradas são apresentados para validar o programa desenvolvido.

This paper presents the development of a pre-processor for the stress analysis of flexible pavements. The software, called PMG (Pavement Mesh Generator), generates axisymmetric meshes for the numerical analyses by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The software creates and draws the geometric model using a few data given by the user. These data include the characteristics of the pavement layers (e.g. hickness, material) and the applied load. Once the geometric model is finished, two types of mesh can be generated: a finite element mesh or a mixed mesh. The first one is created using only quadrilateral finite elements, while the other mixes quadrilateral finite elements with infinite elements. The software divides the pavement structure into regions in order to generate fine meshes near the load that is the region where there is a large stress concentration. The element size increases in a smooth manner as the region gets far away from the loaded region. The meshes generated using PMG are used in the FE analyses performed by the CAP3D system, which is a program developed by the Computer Modeling group of the Pavement Mechanics Laboratory (LMP/UFC). It is important to note that PMG generates meshes more quickly than other generic pre-processors as it is specific for pavement and requires a few input data. The use of infinite elements in the pavement analyses allows a decrease in the computational effort and a more realistic representation of the subgrade. Finally, in order to validate the system, numerical examples are presented comparing the stresses obtained using PMG and other pre-processors. The system is also used to study the effect of the discretization and the influence of the infinite elements on the FE response.

It is well-known that asphalt pavements present a mechanical behavior that depends on time, temperature and loading rate. The increase of the temperature increases the viscouspart of the viscoelastic behavior, while the decrease of the temperature increases the elastic part, increasing the material stiffness. The stiffness variation affects the stresses, strains and displacements in asphalt pavements. This effect is even more important in regions with great temperature variations. In this case even the compression and traction zones on the pavement can be changed. It is important to note that, in spite of the well-known importance of the temperature effects in the behavior of asphalt mixes, there are still few works related to the thermoviscoelastic analyses of pavements. It is generally accepted in pavement literature that asphalt mixtures can be considered as a thermorheologically simple material and that the Time-Temperature Superposition Principle is valid. Thus, this work presents an algorithm to the viscoelastic analysis of asphalt pavements including the temperature effects. A flexible pavement is analyzed in order to assess the importance of temperature effects on the stresses, strains and displacements in the structural behavior of asphalt pavements.

The finite element analysis of homogenous and isotropic tubes is a well established subject and very good results are obtained for long tubes using standard beam elements. On the other hand, the analysis of laminated composite tubes is generally carried-out using a global-local approach. This approach is performed in two levels, by means of a global analysis using beam elements with effective stiffness properties followed by the analysis of a refined local model of shell or solid elements to compute the ply stresses at critical sections of the tube. This work investigates the use of a global approach to carry-out the complete structural analysis of laminated composite beams, without the need to use a local finite element model. The successful application of beam elements depends on the accurate evaluation of effective mechanical properties of laminated tubes. In this work, the axial and bending stiffness of laminated tubes are computed by appropriate integration of segment stiffness over the tube cross-section. The internal forces obtained from the global analysis are used to compute the beam membrane strain and curvature. Ply strains are computed from the laminated strains. Finally, the stresses in the material system are evaluated using the appropriate constitutive relations. Numerical examples are presented and the results obtained by the global analysis approach are compared with results obtained by solid and shell finite elements. Very good results were obtained for most lamination schemes.

This work presents a methodology for minimum weight design of laminated composite tubes. The design variables are the number of plies and the thickness and fiber orientation of each ply.The formulation includes stress and stability constraints. Multiple loading cases can be considered. A highly efficient axi-symmetric finite element formulation was developed and implemented for structural analysis. The stresses in the material system are used to compute the safety factor of the laminate using an appropriate failure criterion. The design optimization is performed using a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm. The proposed methodology is successfully applied to the design optimization of laminated composite tubes subjected to internal and external pressure, axial load and torsion. Several application examples are presented.

SILVA, Maria das Graças da. Feira de São Bento em Cascavel - CE (festa a céu aberto). 2008. 127f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2008.

SOUZA, Maria Rodrigues de. Traçando destinos, entrecruzando territórios: sociabilidade dos redeiros de Patos-PB. 2004. 163f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2004.

The verification of fluorine in water consumption is also necessary in location where there era no public water fluoridation systems, due to the fact that fluorine can be present in water resources. The objectives of this research were: to verify fluorine concentration in public water supply at Ceará, to identify a possible difference in fluorine concentration of two samples of water collected in the city, to know the process of water fluoridation in cities and to compare the fluorine concentration informed by the control operator oh water treatment with the results of this study in the cities that accomplished public water fluoridation. This research was accomplished in two phases. In the first phase, two samples of water from each city were collected and in the second phase, questionnaires were sent to the operator of the water treatment plant that realized fluoridation. Out of 184 cities of Ceará, 173 had it water analyzes, completing 94% of total universe. For each city, two samples of water were analyzed: one of the treatment plant and another from a tap located in downtown. The analyzes were realized at the Central Laboratory of Public Health of Fortaleza, using the electronic method, though a potentiometer (Mettler Toledo DL50 Graphix) and a specific electrode for fluoride ions (Mettler Toledo DX 219 F-) those methods are extolled by the “ Standard Methods of the Examination of Water and Wastewater”. The questionnaires to the operators were sent by the post office. The questions were about the process of water fluoridation, such as: year of implementation, institution that realized it, type-of salt used in the process, frequency, control operational method, among others. All of 28 cities that accomplished water fluoridation in the State of Ceará participated in the second phase of the research. To compare statistically the two samples collected in the 173 cities, Wilcoxon test was used and to compare fluorine concentrations informed by the operator and those concentrations found in this research, Student test was used. The results showed that there are no significative difference between the samples of water collected at the water treatment plant and those collected from a tap in downtown (p>0,05). Out of 173 cities, 160 presented their water collected in downtown with fluorine concentration below 0,6ppm. Only 12 cities showed fluorine concentration between 0,6 and 0,8ppm, and one city presented concentration above 0,8ppm of fluorine. About water fluoridation process, 60,7% of the cities are operated by the Sewer and Water Company of Ceará, the salt used for fluoridation in 100,0% of the cities is fluossilicate of sodium, 67,9% of the cities use the colorimeter method to analyze the fluorine concentrations and the frequency of control is every two hours in 71,4% of the cities. The fluorine concentration found in the water treatment plant exhibited significative difference comparing to the concentrations informed by the operational control workers (p< 0,05). Based on these results, it can be concluded that most of the cities of Ceará (86,9%), the population drink water with fluorine concentration below 0,6ppm

The anti-inflammatories might present several efects about de therapeutical efficacy being some powerful antiinflammatories, but others act as excellent analgesics. In this study were observed and compared the anti-edematogenic efects of selective COX-2 non-steroidal antiinflammatories, lumiracoxib 5mg/Kg, 30mg/Kg, 100mg/Kg, relatively selected, nimesulide 25mg/Kg, meloxicam 30mg/Kg, non selective COX, diclofenac 20mg/Kg, yet of the glucocorticoids dexamethasone (3mg/Kg) and hydrocortisone (4mg/Kg), on the classic model of the edema on rat paw induced by carrageenan. Each group of four animals got one hour before the subcutaneous injection (sc) of the inflamatory estimulation the dosage of each drug to be tested, being that the control group received saline solution 0.9%. After one hour of the management of those dosages, 0.1% to 1% of carrageenan was injected in the right paw of each animal. The volume of the edema paw was checked four times in between one hour breaks, in a digital pletismograph (Ugo Basile ®).The antiedematogenic effect of each tested drug was determined by the comparission of the results with the control group through the ANOVA test. Dexamethasone (3mg/Kg) and Diclofenac (20mg/Kg) were the drugs with best performance with significative reduction rate of the edema, on the third hour, in 94.20% and 84.43% respectively. But the lumiracoxib on the three concentrations used, 5mg/Kg, 30mg/Kg, 100mg/Kg got significative effect on the reduction of the edema with 47,49%, 61,21%, 47,76% respectively on the third hour. Meloxicam, nimesulide and hydrocortisone also demonstrated eficiency with rates of 42,48%, 62,27% and 58,84% respectively. The current study demonstrated that dexamethasone (3mg/Kg) and diclofenac (20mg/Kg) presented potencial antiedematogenic action and that more COX-2 selective drugs didn’t show eficacy comparable to diclofenac

Secondary caries may be developed between tooth and restoration when marginal gaps are present, however this process could be inhibited by fluoride presence. This research had as the main objective to evaluate, in situ, through a randomized, split-mouth and double-blind, cross-over design, the influence of fluoride from self-etching adhesive systems or dentifrice on the secondary caries development on enamel and root dentine around composite resin restorations with or without marginal gaps. During two phases, of 14 days each, 16 volunteers wore intraoral palatal devices containing 4 human dental slabs composed by a portion of enamel and dentine, restored with Z-250 composite resin. The slabs were randomly divided among 8 experimental groups for each substrate (enamel and dentine) restored with one of the following adhesive: All Bond SETM (no fluoride - NFA) and One Up® Bond F Plus (fluoride - FA) with (G+) or without (G-) the presence of marginal gaps and the use of fluoride dentifrice (FD) or placebo (PD). The restoration procedures were made following the manufacturers instructions and the gap was induced with the use of metallic strips. Each volunteer was instructed to drop on the slabs a 20% sucrose solution 10x/day and use the standardized dentifrice 3x/day. By the end of each clinical phase, the dental slabs were removed and the biofilm was collected for total microorganisms, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counting, as well as for analysis of fluoride quantity present. The mineral loss was analyzed by microhardness test in a longitudinal cut on enamel and dentine. The lesion depth and presence of the wall lesion were determined by polarized light microscopy. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, following a factorial delineation of 2x2x2. The fluoride from the adhesive did not provide any protection against secondary caries development for enamel and dentine and for none of the studied response variables (p > 0.05). The fluoride from the dentifrice showed a little protection for demineralization in dentin (p<0.05). There was more wall lesion presence, either on enamel or on dentine (p < 0.05), on restorations with gap irrespective of fluoride presence. However, on gap restorations, a bigger depth of lesion was observed only on dentine (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the fluoride from the adhesive was not able to inhibit demineralization around restorations, even in the fluoride dentifrice presence. Nevertheless, the presence of a visible gap affects the secondary caries development, mainly on root dentine, increasing the progression of caries disease.

The endodontic treatment of necrotic primary teeth after trauma has been advocated for maintaining functional and aesthetic rules of these teeth the oral cavity. Various materials have been used for root canal filling of deciduous teeth, but none meets all the criteria for an ideal filling material. In view of the lack of consensus in the literature about the best filling material to be used for this purpose, the objective of this study was to compare two root canal filling materials used in endodontic treatment of necrotic primary teeth after trauma. The sample consisted of 31 teeth, and a total of 26 patients between 2 and 5 years old. The filling materials used were zinc oxide and eugenol (Group I) and Calen ® paste thickened with zinc oxide (Group II). The endodontic treatment was performed in two sessions with an interval of 30 days between them; Calen ® was used as a root canal dressing. Clinical success was evaluated by no pain, mobility, and fistula and radiographic success was based on the absence or reduction of lesion, absence of pathological root resorption and the presence of new bone formation. There was a success rate of 93.3% for Group I and 87.5% for Group II. The results were submitted to statistical analysis by Fisher test and there was no statistically significant difference between groups. It has been demonstrated that zinc oxide and eugenol and Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide can be indicated for endodontic therapy of deciduous teeth, and these two filling materials did not differ in the clinical success of treatment.

One of the main objectives of endodontic treatment of roots canals with necrotic pulps consists in eliminating the microorganisms spread throughout the ramifications of root canal system. This study, comprised by one manuscript, had the objective to evaluate the antiseptic efficacy of biomechanical preparation and a calcium hydroxide-paste in root canals of human primary teeth with necrotic pulp after trauma and to detect the microorganisms Fusobacterium nucleatum and black-pigmented bacilli in this teeth. According to stringent inclusion criteria, 18 primary teeth with necrotic pulp were selected. Bacterial samples were taken after crown access (S1) and 72h after the removal of dressing with a calcium hydroxide paste (S3), but to 10 teeth were taken a other bacterial sample after chemomechanical preparation with 0.5% NaOCl as an irrigant (S2). Bacteriological samples were collected by introducing 3 sequential sterile absorbent paper points, of a size visually compatible with the root canal diameter. After approximately 1 min, the paper points were removed and placed in a test tube containing reduced transport fluid and were sent for microbiological evaluation. In the S1, the microorganisms were found in 7/18 (94,4%) of the samples, with a colony forming units (CFU’s) media of 5.4 x 105. In the S2, bacteria were cultured in only 1/10 (10%) root canal, with the CFU’s media of 4.3 x 102, and in the S3 bacteria were cultured in 15/18 (83.3%), with the CFU’s media of 1.5 x 105. A statistically significant reduction in bacterial counts was observed between S1 and S2, however no statistically significant difference was observed for comparisons involving S1 and S3, and S2 and S3. The microorganisms Fusobacterium nucleatum and black-pigmented bacilli were detected in 55.5% (10/18) and 11.1% (2/18), respectively, in the S1, no were found in the S2, and in the S3 were found in 16.6% (3/18) and 5.5% (1/18), respectively. In the S1, the gram-negative cocci (15/18) and gram-negative rods (14/18) were the most prevalent groups (83.3% and 77.8%, respectively). In the S2, the gram-positive cocci was the only group of the bacteria observed (1/10), and in the S3, the gram-positive cocci was the group most commonly recovered (66.7%). It was conclude that biomechanical preparation were important in the antisepsis of the root canal because reduced significantly the number of bacteria in the main canal however the calcium hydroxide paste had a antibacterial efficacy limited, no prevent the regrowing bacterial after used as dressing intracanal.

COELHO, Merilane Pires. Caminhos e trilhas no vale do amanhecer cearense: as cidades de Canindé e Juazeiro do Norte. 2006. 160 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2006.

MARTINS, Mayara Magalhães. O ideal corporal da magra saudável: norma médica e resistências do feminino na anorexia. 2010. 142 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2010.

This essay aims at examining the strategies of the narrative the construction of “Frei Simão”, from Contos Fluminenses (1870), and how the machadiano narrator questions the inviolability of the masters.

PAIVA, Melquíades Pinto; FONTELES FILHO, Antonio Adauto. Distribuição e abundância de alguns peixes bentônicos na área de Abrolhos (Brasil). Arquivos de Ciências do Mar, Fortaleza, v.29, 1995, p. 36-41

FARIAS, Eduardo Guilherme Gentil de. Aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento para a análise da evolução da linha de costa em ambientes litorâneos do Estado do Ceará. 2008. 109 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais) - Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2008.