RCAAP Repository

With the premise that use of hydrogel associated with liming and fertilization in eucalyptus plantations increases water retention and nutrient content in the soil, this work aimed to evaluate the survival and early development of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis when using hydrogel, liming and fertilization. In Ultisol, the treatments were: 1) control, 2) hydrogel, 3) conventional fertilization, 4) fertilizer + lime, 5) fertilizer + hydrogel and 6) fertilizer + lime + hydrogel. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, with six replications and six plants per plot. We evaluated height, diameter, survival, macronutrient content in shoot and soil chemical properties. The hydrogel + fertilization treatment provided bigger height and diameter at 240 days after transplant, however, the survival was higher in fertilization treatment. The results indicate the viability of the hydrogel use. However but more studies are needed to prove its effects and recommendation of appropriate dosages.

Among several silvicultural measures of forest fires prevention, fuelbreaks stands out. These structures are used to reduce and/or prevent fire spread. They consist of plantations with lower flammability species than the main species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the flammability of Psidium cattleianum Sabine., Ligustrum lucidum W. T. Aiton., Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. and Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, for potential use in fuelbreaks. In this research Pinus taeda L. was used as control. Samples consisted of 1 g of fine material (< 0.7 cm of diameter) newly collected. Samples burning were performed in epiradiator, under temperature between 250 °C and 350 °C. It was carried out 50 replications for each species. It was analyzed ignition frequency, time to ignition, combustion duration, combustion index, and it was also determined flammability value. P. taeda presents a very high combustion intensity and was classified as a flammable species. The other species were considered poorly flammable. S. terebinthifolius and B. glabra indicated low combustion intensity, L. lucidum medium and P. cattleianum high combustion intensity. In this context, it was concluded that these species have potential to be used in fuelbreaks to prevent forest fires.

Wood characterization studies allow the optimization in different timber segments, especially wood processing and utilization. This study determined the anatomical, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of Cordia glabrata (black laurel wood) to increase knowledge about the potential of underutilized species. The wood has high lignin content, long fibers and thin-to-thick fiber walls. It is classified as a high specific gravity wood and has medium dimensional shrinkage. This species also has medium values of compression parallel to grain and modulus of rupture, high values of shear stress, and low values of splitting. C. glabrata wood may be used in different ways in Brazilian timber sector, especially as decorative veneer, wood flooring, and products that require natural durability and regular mechanical strength.

In this work we describe the structure of arboreal and shrubby vegetation in Seridó Ecological Station, municipality of Serra Negra do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. We sampled and identified all individuals present in 30 plots of 200 m2 area with diameter at ground level ≥ 3 cm and total height ≥ 1 m,. Spatial distribution pattern was determined by Payandeh index. We registered 2,448 individuals, distributed in 22 species, 20 genera and 12 families. Density was 4,080 individuals ha-1 and basal area 17.50 m2 ha-1, while average height and diameter reached 2.45 m and 6.80 cm, respectively. The families with larger number of species were Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae, giving emphasis in number of individuals of Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Apocynaceae. Poincianella pyramidalis, Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Croton blanchetianus were the most important species of the population accounting together for the greater number of individuals, basal area and importance value. The studied area shows little evidence of human disturbance, with structure similar to other protected areas in Seridó Caatinga and higher proportion of species with aggregated distribution or with a tendency to aggregation, revealing that the largest populations form small groups.

The aim of this work was estimate genetic parameters and values in the stem diameter and height in Mimosa scabrella progenies at early stages. Seeds were collected from 40 mother trees in Abelardo Luz, Chapadão do Lageado, Lages and Três Barras, in Santa Catarina State. Progenies test was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Santa Catarina State University, in Lages, SC, aiming at to select genetic materials adapted for the region. It was used ramdomized blocks, with 40 treatments (progeny) and 30 replications, using 10 plants by plot in single line. At 12 months old height and diameter were evaluated. Deviance analysis was performed using Selegen-REML/BLUP software and genetic parameters were estimated. Significant differences were observed among provenances and progenies. Genetic control of characters is considered low to moderate in individual and family levels. Stem diameter was more appropriate for matrices selection due to its higher variation and genetic control.

Basic density is considered one of the most important wood properties because it directly influences the other physical characteristics for industrial use. The present study had as objective to determine the average basic density of wood of Pinus patula Schltdl & Cham trees, and to analyze its variation in the radial and longitudinal directions. Samples were taken from 12 trees along the longitudinal and radial axes. The mean basic density of P. patula wood was 0.307 g cm-³. It was also observed that wood basic density increased from pith to bark and in the longitudinal direction it decreased only from the basis up to 2 m. It was verified interaction between radial and longitudinal variations, indicating that the wood basic density of P. patula varies in the different directions of growth.

Plants that need to grow in soils of arid and semi-arid regions can find saline or low water availability soils. The present study aimed at to evaluate germination on roll paper substrate of catingueira and angico seeds under salt and water stress conditions, induced by calcium and sodium chlorides and water stress induced by PEG 6000. Treatments were: 0 MPa (control - distilled water); -0.4 MPa (NaCl, CaCl2 and PEG), -0.8 MPa (NaCl, CaCl2 and PEG) and -1.2 (NaCl, CaCl2 and PEG). It was evaluate percentage of germination, speed germination index and average germination time. There was no seeds germination of both species under the more negative osmotic potential (-1.2 MPa) of CaCl2 and PEG 6000. Seeds germination of both species were more affected by CaCl2, with no germination over - 0.8 MPa. Catingueira seeds showed higher tolerance to salt stress, while angico seeds better withstood water stress condition.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on rooting of Langerstroemia indica cuttings in different substrates. Semi-hardwood cuttings with 7-8 cm were treated in alcoholic solutions of IBA (0, 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 mg L-1) for 10 s and staked in plastic tubes containing commercial organic substrate or vermiculite. A completely randomized design in factorial arrangement 4 x 2 (4 concentrations x 2 substrates) was used. After 75 days we evaluated percentages of rooted cuttings, with shoots and necrosis, number and length of roots and number of shoots per cutting. IBA in concentration 1,000 mg L-1 promoted best rooting (65.63%) in vermiculite substrate (73.43%).

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of water-soluble humic extract (EHSA), Hortbio® biofertilizer (HORT) and both compounds combination (EHSA+HORT) on vegetative growth, nutrient absorption and chlorophyll levels in guanandi (Callophyllum brasiliense) seedlings. Isolated and combined additions of EHSA and HORT did not affect seedlings height, number of leaves, leaf and root dry matter and leaf area during early stages of seedling growth. However, HORT and EHSA+HORT treatments increased chlorophyll levels and total N content. Addition of HORT resulted in S, Zn, Mg, Mn and Cu increases in the seedlings leaves, while ESHA application increased K, Mg, S and B. P and Ca levels were not altered by the treatments, however, addition of EHSA and EHSA+HORT reduced significantly the absorption of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn.

The aim of this work was to evaluate organic-mineral substrates in the production of Erythrina velutina seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot completely randomized design, subdivided in time, with 10 replications. Five substrates (S) were used: S1 = soil; S2 = soil + tanned bovine manure (20%); S3 = soil + simple superphosphate (300 g m-3); S4 = soil + simple superphosphate + micronutrients (300 g m-3, 50 g m-3); S5 = soil + simple superphosphate + micronutrients (300 g m-3, 50 g m-3) + tanned bovine manure. The substrate was composed of soil, and bovine manure tanned in the ratio 4:1, according to each treatment. Five seedlings were collected at intervals of 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days after sowing. The analyzed variables were: shoot length, number of leaves, collar diameter, leaf area, stem, leaves, shoots, roots and total dry mass, and shoot and roots dry mass ratio. The analyzed variables showed significant effect with the organic-mineral substrates. The substrate composed of soil with simple superphosphate (300 g m-3), micronutrients (50 g m-3) and 20% of tanned bovine manure is indicate to produce Erythrina velutina seedlings.

This study aimed to analyze the formation of ecological groups of woody species in caatinga through cluster analysis. Data are from two studying areas located in Foresta, Pernambuco State, both with disturbance history. All individuals with circumference at 1.30 above ground level (CAP) greater or equal 6.0 cm were georeferenced, identified, and had CAP and total height measured. Cluster analysis was performed using Twinspan program in PC-ORD software. The results show the formation of ecological groups in both areas with the presence of indicator species.

This study aimed to evaluate different proportions of carbonized rice husk on commercial substrate, in the growth of Prunus sellowii seedlings in nursery. The treatments were composed of: T1-100% commercial substrate (SC); T2 - 90% SC and 10% carbonized rice husk (CRH); T3 - 80% SC and 20% CRH; T4 - 70% SC and 30% CRH; T5 - 60% SC and 40% CRH; T6 -50% SC and 50% CRH, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The addition of up to 30%, CRH is recommended, without harm to P. sellowii growth in nursery.

The objective of this study was to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of particleboard produced with different amounts of sorghum crop residues. The panels were made with 0, 15, 30 and 45% of sorghum bagasse and 12% of urea-formaldehyde adhesive. The press cycle used was: 4,0MPa of pressure, 180 °C of temperature for 20 min. To evaluate panels’ quality physical and mechanical tests were carried out. Physical evaluations showed that all properties met the standard CS 236-66, and for every 1% of sorghum added on the panels there was an increase of 1.4 and 1.6% in water absorption at 2 and 24 h of immersion, respectively. For thickness swelling after 2 and 24 h of immersion there was no significant effect with increase in the percentage of sorghum, however it was observed an average value of IE24h only 1.13% higher than required by the standard CS 236-66 which is 30%. Mechanical properties evaluation showed that 13% was maximum sorghum to be added in the panels to meet the standard CS 236-66.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the quality of seedlings of Moringa oleifera Lam. according to seeds position in the fruit and the concentration of nutrients in the fertigation solution. An experiment was carried out following entirely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme 3 x 4, in which the factors were three positions of seeds in the fruit (basal, medium and apical) and four doses of nutrients (0, 50, 100 and 150% of the standard dose), with four replications. The following parameters were evaluated: height (H), collar diameter (CD), leaf number, aerial dry mass (ADM), dry mass of the root system (DMRS), total dry mass, H/CD ratio, ADM/DMRS ratio and Dickson quality index. Data of the effect of seeds position in the fruit were submitted to analysis of variance with test F and comparison of means by Tukey´s test at 5% of probability, while data of nutrients levels was submitted to regression analysis. Seeds position in the fruit did not influence seedlings vigor. Fertigation solution with nutrients concentration varying between 80 and 100% of considered standard solution is recommended for similar conditions of this experiment.

The objective of this study was to analyze changes in price and amounts of wood pulp, wood panels, sawn wood and paper exported by Brazil. Additionally, it was also aimed to analyze the relationship between supply and demand in the period of 1995-2013. Data from FAO of price variation and exported amounts over the years were organized graphically, and their annual average change rates were calculated through trend models. Influenced by the competitive advantage in the production of raw materials and investments in the sector, the export annual rates of wood pulp and paper were 10.13% and 2.60%, respectively. Related to the dynamics of USA economy, export rates of wood panels and sawn wood were 5.94% and -0.0087%, respectively. The change rates for prices were -3.73% for wood pulp, -2.35% for sawn wood, -7.35% for wood panels and -5.10% for paper. Price trends followed dollar exchange rate. Brazilian supply of wood pulp, wood panels and paper in the international market increased between 1995 and 2013. However, there was a decrease in lumber demand in the same period.

The aim of this work was to assess the occurrence of Sclerocarya birrea in Chigubo district to provide information about its productive potential to promote the production of canhu oil by local communities. Diameter at breast height (DBH), total height and commercial height and species names were collected in 10 clusters of four plots with 0.2 ha each. The plots were randomly established in the area to determine horizontal forest structure, diameter distribution and timber volumes per unit area. Later on it was estimate de canhu nuts production in Chigubo district. We found diameter distribution in reverse J-shaped, 106 trees ha-1, with 50.59% from S. birrea, and total basal area of adult species of 34.26 m² ha-1, with 24.36 m² ha-1 (71.01%) represented by S. birrea. Sclerocarya birrea nuts production was estimate as 13,345 kg ha-1year-1.

This study aimed to quantify nutrient content in shoot biomass components and litter in two areas of savanna vegetation with different ecological characteristics, one in regeneration and the other as a preserved area, in Floresta, Pernambuco State, Brazil. It was carried out an initial inventory launching 40 plots of 400 m2 in each area, with inclusion level of circumference at 1.3 m above ground level ≥ 6.0 cm. The five species with highest importance value were used for biomass analysis. Chemical analysis were carried out in samples of 100 g taken from the different component of each of those species. To estimate the stock of litter assortments were made in dry and rainy seasons, using a hollow square mold with 0.5 m randomly released in plots. It was observed that the nutrient content found in total biomass in both areas followed the same sequence: N > Ca > K > Mg > P > S. Litter stock from the preserved area were higher in all fractions, however differences were observed between seasons. In the dry season the sequence was: N > Ca > S > K > Mg > P, and in the rainy season N > Ca > K > S > P > Mg in both areas. When the nutrient content was available, the litter presented the highest nutrient contents compared to those present in the biomass above the soil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of three cycles of drought/irrigation on the quantum yields of chlorophyll a fluorescence, proline accumulation and osmotic adjustment. Ten plants were submitted to three consecutive cycles of drought/irrigation (D/I) and the other ten were maintained at field capacity.Cycles D/I did not promote osmotic adjustment in plants with suspension of irrigation (WSI), despite the proline accumulation. The minimum fluorescence adapted to dark increased and the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII was reduced in WSI plants. Quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion of photosystem II (PSII) and the apparent rate of electron transport decreased, while quantum yield dissipation regulated non-photochemical energy in PSII showed an increase in WSI plants over those without suspension of irrigation (WOSI). Quantum yield of no regulated dissipation of PSII non-photochemical energy and chlorophyll and carotenoid content showed no change between WSI and WOSI plants over D/I cycles. Thus it was observed that macaubeira presents an efficient mechanism of non-photochemical energy dissipation.

Currently to adquire substrates in quantity and quality for forest seedlings production is a great challenge for the forest sector. The search for sustainable substrates is an ecological, economic and social trend. The objective of this work was to compare seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolia (aroeira pepper) produced with biosolids (BIO) and with commercial substrate (CS), under monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilization, in the nursery and in the first year after planting. The MAP was applied as cover fertilization in increasing doses in the treatments, every 21 days. Even without supplement of mineral fertilization, BIO favored seedlings growth in nursery, resulting in seedlings of superior morphological quality when compared to those produced in CS under cover fertilization. BIO and cover fertilization at higher levels can be used to increase the establishment and growth of aroeira pepper seedlings in the field

The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance and select probability density functions to describe the diametric distributions of the forest community and the main three species in a tropical rain forest in southern of Rio de Janeiro State. We tested the functions: Normal, Normal Log, Beta, Gamma, Sb Johnson and Weibull. Adjustments were carried out using Solver tool (MSExcel®) which uses the reduced linear gradient algorithm, optimizing the functions parameters. Value D Kolmogorov–Smirnov and estimation of standard error (Syx%) were evaluate to select the best model. In general, Sb Johnson and Weibull functions presented better statistics adjustment and greater precision in the estimates. Even representing the reality of the distribution, the smaller class intervals did not provide better adjustments, more precise estimates being provided by the larger ranges and smaller classes.