RCAAP Repository

The aim of this study was to compare mycorrhizal infection and quality indicators of Calophyllum brasiliense and Anandenanthera colubrina var. cebil seedlings from Pantanal Wetland Biome, Brazil, produced in non-fumigated substrate under combined inoculation with Glomus clarum (Gc) + Gigaspora margarita (Gm). Seedlings were produced from seeds of local populations seeds, inoculated and non-inoculated with Gc + Gm. They were randomly selected and evaluated for morphological quality parameters, percentage, intensity and morphology of mycorrhizal colonization of fine roots. We concluded that, under the study conditions, Gc + Gm inoculation promotes changes in the percentage, intensity (A. colubrina var. cebil) or morphology (C. brasiliense) of root infection when compared to non-inoculated seedlings. Increase in quality of seedlings was observed in C. brasiliense under combined inoculation with Gc + Gm, indicating the potential of mycorrhizal fungi use in this specie.

The objectives of this study were to analyze the complex morphological characteristics of fruits and diaspores of inharé, and provide support for the recognition of the plant in the early stage of development. The inflorescences have on average 2.2 cm x 2.9 cm x 2.6 cm, with 4-10 fruits entered the fleshy perianth. The fruits, monospermics drupes, have a fine-gelatinous pericarp. The endocarp form the pyrene, globular, slightly flattened, brown opaque, smooth and hardened, measuring 0.9 cm x 0.8 cm x 0.6 cm. The seed has exalbuminous membranous integument; the embryo is full axial and reserves are in crass and isofils cotyledons. Germination is kind hypogeal cryptocotylar; with the removal of the core the primary root protrusion occurs after 10 days of sowing and the normal seedlings at 30 days is completely formed. The seedling has the first eophylls with alternates spirals phyllotaxis, elliptical shape with base attenuate, apex acute to acuminate and jagged edges; epicotyl is cylindrical, about 1.0 cm long, has cataphylls; the root system is well developed, with many secondary roots. Young plants, between 50 cm and 115 cm in height, show morphological similarities to adult individual mainly in leaves and stems.

The present study aimed to analyze the behavior of the Monte Alegre Formula (MAF) and to quantify the heat focus detected by reference satellites, comparing them with the fires that occurred in Chapada dos Guimarães National Park from 2007 to 2015. Heat analysis was performed using images from AQUA, TERRA and NOAA satellites, whose daily data of detected foci were used to compose the time series over the years, allowing the analysis of trends in the numbers of foci for the park. The data were acquired in the platform of the National Institute of Space Research, in the historical data base of the National Institute of Meteorology and by to the manager of the park. In most years there was an overestimation of the number of heat sources in relation to the number of fire occurrences. The TERRA satellite presented values were closer to the number of fire records in the park. It was observed that 87.69% of the fires were validated in relation to MAF, where 60% belonged to very high hazard class and 27.69% were classified in the high hazard class, demonstrating the effectiveness of MAF in relation to records of fires occurring in the park.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of saline stress on germination and initial growth of canafistula (Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert), tamboril (Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong.) and pau-formiga (Triplaris americana L.), in addition to determining the maximum tolerance to the presence of NaCl in imbibitions solution. A completely randomized design with four replicates of 50 seeds was used in factorial scheme 3 x 5. The response of the three species to five levels of osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.3; -0.6; -1.2 e -1.8 MPa) was evaluate, simulating saline stress with NaCl. At 28 days after sowing, germination percentage; germination speed index (GSI); germination time; root length and root shoot s and total dry mass were evaluated. Germination and initial growth of tamboril and canafístula were negatively affected by saline concentration increase of the medium. Pau-formiga showed more tolerance to saline stress, presenting an increase in the mean values of germination percentage, GSI, length of the largest root and total dry mass production in osmotic potentials varying from -0.81 to -1.15 MPa. The highest average production of shoot, roots and total dry mass was observed in tamboril seedlings.

In Sergipe, every year, wildfires damage Atlantic Forest conservation units. Therefore, it is necessary to carry on studies that aims to understand fire behavior in such forests. This work intended to quantify the surface fuel load in three different vegetation types the Mata Junco Wildlife Refuge, in Capela, Sergipe State, Brazil. In each site 20 plots of 2.25 m2 were delimited, where all fuel load was collected and classified. Bamboo fields (7.60 t ha-1) and closed forests (7.02 t ha-1) presented the highest fuel load, while the transition areas presented lower value (2.08 t ha-1). The moisture content of the fuel load changed according to the vegetation type. In the closed forests and transition areas the moisture content was above the “moisture of extinction”. The assessment of the wildfire hazard showed that the bamboo fields presented the highest fire hazard.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil use systems from Southwest of Piaui State, Brazil, in growth and natural nodulation of tamboril [Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell) Morong] seedlings. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse at the Federal University of Piaui, in Bom Jesus, PI. The experiment design was completely randomized with ten replications. Treatments were consisted of four soil use systems (two areas of native forest, one grassland and one agriculture area). Seedlings were collected 85 days after planting, when height (H), collar diameter (CD), number of nodules (NN), nodule fresh matter (NFM), shoot (SDM), roots (RDM) and total dry matter (TDM), ratio of shoot and roots dry matter (SDM/TDR), Dickson quality index (DQI) and nitrogen accumulation in shoots (NAS) were evaluated. Nodulation occurred in all soil use systems. Seedlings grown under soils from agriculture and grassland areas showed higher performance on nodulation, H, CD, SDM and NAS than soils from native forest areas.

We intend to identify the sustainability dimensions that can be evaluated in forest management plans (FMP) of natural vegetation of Caatinga and to describe which of those are best considered in licensed and active plans. The guidelines recommended by the environmental agency was analyzed in a sample of 40 FMP licensed in Pernambuco, Brazil, observing the attendance to the proposed items. The technical dimension, with description of quantitative aspects of the timber production is the best described, although it has only achieved 23% according to the requirements. Social aspects are not contemplated in the plans and criteria of the environmental and economic dimensions are poorly observed. The normative requirements for the elaboration of a FMP of natural vegetation of Caatinga do not offer elements to evaluate the sustainability and the plans show low level of attendance to the requirements.

Studies on the quantification of forest biomass in Caatinga are important due to the scarcity of information related to the theme in the biome and in particular in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass stock and their distribution in the components of the aerial part of forest species with higher population density and the potential to use the biomass expansion factor (FEB) to obtain estimates of aerial biomass in the area of Caatinga, located in Contendas do Sincorá National Forest, BA. The biomass was quantified by destructive method. Representative trees of the nine species with the highest population density were selected felled, and distributed in three diametric classes. The average amount of total biomass and carbon per tree, considering all the species sampled, were estimated at 50.7 kg tree-1 and 25.3 kg tree-1. Jatropha mollíssima is dissimilar in relation to the biomass allocation (branches > stem > leaves) in relation to the other species (stem > branches > leaves). The highest values of individual biomass were verified in the species Commiphora leptophloeos (171 kg tree-1 ), Coccoloba oblonga (76 kg tree-1 ) and Pseudobombax simplicifolium (40 kg tree-1 ). The mean FEB obtained for all species (1.74) provided estimated values close to the real ones.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the annual variation in seed yield of crabwood, and discuss implications for multiple use management of the species. Data were collected in a forest area in the southern of Roraima State in a permanent plot of 9 ha (300 m x 300 m) with a natural population of crabwood. Seed production was monitored of 115 trees during four years. Seed yield varied among years. May to July was the period of bigger yield. Few trees (22.6%) concentrated the bigger part of seeds yield (80.7%) and the most productive trees had diameter at 1.30 m above ground level between 40 cm - 70 cm. Therefore we recommend 70 cm as minimum cutting diameter for wood exploitation. For sustainable crabwood seed management we recommend to restrict seed collection from the most productive trees and only during the period of maximum seed dispersal.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of Campomanesia aurea O. Berg seeds stored under two temperatures. Seeds were dried and stored at 25 °C and 8 °C for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 150 days. We observed a linear decrease in germination and germination speed index, with a steeper drop for seeds stored at 25 °C. C. aurea seeds stored at 8 °C maintained viability of 80% for 150 days, evidencing the potential of this species for seedlings production if programmed during this period.

The objective of this work was to verify the influence of different proportions of bovine manure on substrate composition for Handroanthus heptaphyllus growth and seedlings quality. Five different ratios of bovine manure in the substrate composition were evaluatedin the following proportions: 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60%. We verified that H. heptaphyllus seedlings responded positively to bovine manure inproportions of 21% to 28%.

This study evaluated the morphological variation (total and commercial height, and diameter at 1.3 m above ground level - DBH) and environmental variables (slope, distance to water bodies, solar orientation, termites, tree damage and elevation) which influence production of oleoresin by Copaifera paupera (Herzog) Dwyer in southwestern Amazon. The present study was conducted at the experimental forest of Embrapa Acre, Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. Forty-seven trees with DBH ≥ 40 cm were mapped, of which 21.3% produced oleoresin immediately after being drilled and 53.2% produced oleoresin after 5 to 7 days, totaling 74.5% productive trees. The site slope was the only variable that significantly influenced oleoresin production; the greater the slope, the greater the probability the tree produced oleoresin. The results showed that trees growing in areas with a slope ≥ 10% had 100% probability of producing oleoresin, which can be explained by the tension wood produced in trees growing on slopes and supports the popular belief that Copaifera should be drilled on the side of the tree with the largest angle of inclination between the trunk and ground level.

The objective of this study was to evaluate kriging in SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models (DEMs) to assist in the planning of forest harvesting. The following DEMs were tested: SRTM with 30 m and with 90 m spatial resolution (SR); ASTER 30 m SR; krigged SRTM 30 m and 90 m; krigged ASTER 30 m; and standard MDE, obtained from a planialtimetric map. Using DEMs declivity maps were generated according to restrictions of harvesting machines in forest. DEMs were evaluated using descriptive statistical analysis, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. DEMs assessed presented significant altitude spatial dependence. The differences of root-mean-square error between DEMs from original SRTM and ASTER images showed little difference from krigged DEMs. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis showed improvement by means of kriging in SRTM DEMs with 30 m and 90 m of spatial resolution. However, DEM ASTER 30 m did not present the same behavior, showing better results in its original version. The krigged DEM SRTM 30 m presented more potential to be used in the forest harvest planning, when DEMs in larger scales are not available.

The strategic importance of forest resources, both at the national and global level, as well as the scarcity of reliable qualitative and quantitative information about Brazilian forests are among the motivations that led to the implementation of a new national forest inventory in Brazil (IFN-BR). Beyond traditional field survey through clustered sampling, the IFN-BR incorporates Landscape Sample Units (LSU) as a geospatial component of the inventory. Landscape indicators and indices are generated through the analysis of land use/land cover in the LSUs, which provide information about composition, morphology, mosaic patterns, adjacent habitat similarity, connectivity, fragmentation, and state of riparian zones. In the current study, we describe the indicators selected to assess landscape using pilot LSUs established in Paraná State, as well as the calculation and composition of indices and scores.

The African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) is a tree species, used to obtain high quality wood. It presents high market value and good adaptation to most soil and climatic conditions of Brazilian territory. The purpose of this study was to analyse the economic viability of African mahogany plantation to obtain wood of high quality. Cash flow has been drawn up for a period of 20 years. The economic viability indicators calculated were: net present value (NPV); Internal rate of return (IRR); payback; index of profitability and sensitivity analysis taking into account the variation of 60% for more and for less in investment values and interest revenue. The NPV was R$ 11,296.72; the IRR 16%; the payback 19.92 years and the profitability index was R$ 2.82 for each R$ 1.00 invested. On sensitivity analysis, it was observed that only when increasing above 15% in interest, or fall greater than 25% in value of the the NPV would turn negative wood. Therefore, African mahogany plantationit, is feasible and presents low sensitivity changes in the market.

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different soil preparation and hole sizes in an orchard of Carya illinoinensis pecan (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae) by the Order Coleoptera fauna. A pecan orchard was established in spacing 7 m x 7 m, in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil in randomized block design, with five blocks and four treatments, using: small pit 20 m x 60 cm (Cp); more harrowing subsoiler and small pit (Scp); rotary hoe and small pit (Ecp); and large pit 40 m x 60 cm (Cg). From March 2014 to November 2015, eight samples were taken from Coleoptera fauna, one per season, with four pitfall traps distributed in each treatment and the surrounding area, totaling 100 samples per collection. The Ecp treatment had the lowest diversity values and evenness for Coleoptera fauna, while the Cp and Cg treatments presented the highest indices. The species Diloboderus abderus (Sturm) was as very common. It was concluded that Cg treatment does not interfere with coleopteran and promotes the highest growth in diameter of pecan plants.

Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze is one of the most important native species in Southern Brazil. However, its naturally recalcitrant seeds represent obstacles for long-term conservation and thus cryopreservation is a viable alternative for germplasm storing. Embryonic axes (EA) excised from araucaria seeds were encapsulated, dehydrated, and submitted to two cryopreservation methods: flash-cooling by freezing in liquid nitrogen (LN) for 2 h and pre-cooling at – 40 °C, followed by freezing in LN for 2 h. Subsequently, the EA were quickly thawed and assessed for DNA integrity, tetrazolium test, in vitro germination and oxidation occurrence. The DNA of both not cryopreserved and cryopreserved EA maintained their integrity. The tetrazolium test results indicated that the majority of flash-cooled EA were viable. After 15 days of in vitro culture, the EA did not germinate and presented signs of oxidation. Dehydration method by direct plunge in LN is promising for cryopreservation of araucaria EA, as demonstrated through the results of tetrazolium test and the maintenance of total DNA integrity.

This study aimed to assess the physiological quality of Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan seed weight classes subjected to accelerated aging under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. A lot of P. rigida seeds was split in three seed weight classes (thousand seed weight): TSW1 (original lot; control, 19.23 g), TSW2 (25.45 g) and TSW3 (13.58 g), which were subjected to three accelerated aging times (0, 24 and 48 h). First count, weak and strong normal seedlings, percentage of accumulated germination, percentage of death seed, electrical conductivity, fresh and dry weight and shoot length were assessed in laboratory. Seedling emergence, emergence velocity and emergence velocity index were assessed in greenhouse. P. rigida seeds showing higher weight displayed higher percentage of germination and average vigor characteristics. Seeds with higher weight indicated high tolerance to accelerated aging conditions and produced more vigorous plants. Therefore, we suggest that seed lots of P. rigida should be composed considering TSW classes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure and diversity of the woody component of Caatinga in Southern Sertanean Depression, Petrolina, Pernambuco State, Brazil. We sampled 25 plots of 400 m². Total height and circumference at the soil level (CSL ≥ 15.8 cm) were measured of living or dead standing individuals, to calculate phytossociological parameters. The community heterogeneity was evaluated through detrended correspondence analyzes. We sampled 825 individuals, distributed in 11 families, 22 genera and 27 species. The families with the highest richness were Fabaceae (9 spp.) and Euphorbiaceae (5 spp.), with 51.8% of the total richness. The species with higher cover value and importance value were Mimosa tenuiflora and Poincianella microphylla, justified by their high abundances (295 and 217 individuals, respectively) and basal areas (2.95 and 1.72 m² ha-1, respectively). We found median values for the diversity and equability indices (H’ = 2.04 and J’ = 0.62), and species distribution presented better adjust to Log normal model, suggesting moderate ecological dominance of these species. The studied community was very heterogeneous, possibly due to the multiple use of the soil in the past, reinforcing the responsibility of institutions with forest remnants to establish measures for the conservation of their green areas.

The silvicultural and economic potential of paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) has encouraged the expansion of this crop, mainly in the northern region of the country, provoking the need for studies on the species. The objective of this study was to estimate paricá production in Paragominas region, Para State, Brazil, at 5, 6 and 7 years, in three classes of productivity considering five plant arrangements, being identified the main costs of production, in addition to those most affected by plant arrangements. The volumetric estimation was obtained by modeling in population level and the analysis of the costs, through the methodology of the operational cost. It was possible to infer that the arrangement of plants 3 m x 2 m was superior in volume, compared to the other analyzed plant arrangements. The effective operating cost represented on average 65% of the total production costs. Transport was the most significant individual cost, in all analyzed plant arrangements. The maintenance, among the set of activities, was the most significant in planting, fact that may be related to the number and the long period for the activities execution. Smaller plant arrangements presented the higher total costs of production, depending or not on the remuneration for the use of the permanent and current capital.