RCAAP Repository

A diversified Lepidoptera fauna is found associated with Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. From October 1990 to September 1991 twelve light traps were used in three regions of the Cerrado area with Eucalyptus plantations (Bom Despacho - BD, Três Marias - TM and Montes Claros - MC), in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Twenty three Lepidoptera defoliator species were found in those regions. These species were affected by many factors, specially the plantation stage, the neighboring plant species, the type of brush vegetation and the species of Eucalyptus planted in a specific area. The saniples were not significantly different between regions in species richness (12 to 17 species; p=0.065) or eveness (0.53 to 0.70; p=0.779) in a randomized ANOVA test. Assuming a relation between the diversity and the vulnerability to pest outbreaks, it is sugested that the sampling points are equally vunerable. A cluster analysis revealed a clear separation between regions based in their species abundance and composition. In each region it is possible to show subsets of saniples fornied by the Eucalyptus species (MC) or the effect ofthe nearby regeneration áreas (TM). These differences suggest a species substitution process that do not alter the fixed community strueture shared by each region.

Epelaspis renatoi sp.n. and E. ketiae sp.n. (Phygadeuontinae, Hemitelini) from Jundiaí do Sul, Fênix, Telêmaco Borba, Ponta Grossa, Colombo, Curitiba, São José dos Pinhais, Morretes (Paraná), Tenente Portela and Quaraí (Rio Grande do Sul) are described.

The subespecie Lutreolina crassicaudata paranalis Thomas, 1923 is validated through analysis of variance of 13 craniometrical measurements. There is significam separation for sex in 10 of 13 craniometrical measurements. The possibility of validation of subespecies L. c. bonaria Thomas, 1923 through coloration variation is discussed.

For the first time the pollination of a poorly known, terrestrial orchid, Habenaria pleiophylla Hoehne & Schlechter, 1921 (Orchidaceae) by a passion vine butterfly, Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) is reported. Number of pollinia-carrying individuals was determined on a population of H. erato phyllis in Horto Florestal Barba Negra, Barra do Ribeiro County, Rio Grande do Sul State. The pollination mechanism was described under laboratory conditions, in association with the butterfly feeding habit and the orchid flower morphology. Habenaria pleiophylla pollinia are cemented during nectar feeding on the ventral portion of the compound eyes near H. erato phyllis proboscis base. The pollinia are transferred to the stigma of other flowers during subsequent visits. Both males and females of H. eralo phyllis frequently visit H. pleiophylla flowers in the Barba Negra Forest. About forty percent of field collected adults had attached pollinia, ranging in number from one to 19 per individual. Thus, H. eralo phyllis may play an important role in the reproductive biology of this H. pleiophylla population.

From material collected in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States (Brazil) two new records of Trichorhina are presented (T. argentina Vandel, 1963 and T. tomentosa (Budde-Lund, 1893) as well as a description of a new species bicolor sp.n.). Lectotypes and paralectotypes of T. argentina are designated. A key for the species in the study area is also included.

A new name, Tiphiallen nom.n. is proposed for Allenella Genise, 1992 (Hymenoptera, Tiphiidae), preoccupied by Iredale, 1944 (Mollusca, Gastropoda).

Frequenamia delongi nom.n., is proposed for Frequenamia alrala DeLong, 1982, preoccupied by Frequenamia atrata Linnavuori & DeLong, 1978.

Five hundred and eigh body masses of 74 forest birds, and measurements of wing, tail, tarsus and beak of 14 poorly known species mist-netted at two sites in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Paraná State, southern Brazil, are presented.

In this work was identifyed the diferents opening forms of the palm nuts Syagrus romanzoffiana by brazilian squirrel Sciurus ingrami in four diferents points of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Was caracterized tive basic forms of opening, in acording with the number of incisions and opening aspects. The form with lower number of incisions (two) was also the greather frequently in the four points sampled (66,25%; N = 5194) well as registred the lower opening time (7,2 ± 1,7 min) in relationship with other forms (9,2 ± 2,3 min). To explicate the diferences in the frequences of forms discovered, is proposed "apprenticeship's hypothesis" which the young squirrels of the population, along the opening nuts apprenticeship, to passing of the forms with larger number of incisions to forms with lower number of incisions, ending in the form of more frequence, which is maintained by adult squirrels.

A new genus and species of Cecidomyiidi (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are described and illustrated (exuvia, male, female and gall). The species was found in association with Clusia lanceolata (Clusiaceae).

The male of Daguerreia inermis Soares & Soares, 1947, a troglophilic harvestman, is described. Distribution records are given for caves of the Speleological Province of Vale do Ribeira and two non carbonatic areas (Telêmaco Borba and Arapoti, Paraná), in southeastern Brazil. The population of the Gruta da Lancinha (Paraná, Brazil) was studied from October 1988 to February 1989. The population size was estimated, by Fisher Ford's method, between 158-610 individuals. The sex ratio observed was 1:1.

A new genus and species of harvestman, landumoema uai, is described based on material from Gruta Olhos d'Água, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Its troglomorphisms include depigmentation on body, legs and eyes. It is the third troglobitic species of harvestman recorded from Brazilian caves and the second in the family Gonyleptidae.

The males of Wagneriana roraima Levi, 1991 and W. yacuma Levi, 1991 are described and illustrated for the first time.

Based on the analysis of types, Lepidanthrax brachialis (Thomson, 1869) and L. quinquepunclatus (Thomson, 1869) are considered junior synonyms of L. tinctus (Thomson, 1869). Notes and illustrations of the type are presented.

The studied species were Arctocephalus australis (Zimmermann, 1783) and Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872), (five specimens of each one). Anomalies were discussed under the light of theories which relate the ancestry of pinnipeds with the Ursidae; as well as concerning the evolutionary trends supposed for the Otariidae. Pathologies were related to alimentary and reproductive habits.

Notes and keys to the species of Ischnoleomimus Breuning 1940; Malthonea Thomson, 1864 and Mimasyngenes Breuning, 1950 are given. Parablabia Breuning, 1959 is considered a synonym of Malthonea Thomson, 1864, and the following new combinations are made: M. guttata (Kirsch, 1889), comb n. and M. ruficornis Belon, 1903, both transferred from Parablabia. New taxa described: Ischnolea piim sp.n. (Bolívia); lschnoleomimus fovealus sp.n. (Bolívia); Malthonea cumbica sp.n. (Venezuela); Cicuiara gen.n., types pecies Exocentrus striatus Bates, 1866; E. nitidulus Bates, 1866 is transferred to Cicuiara; Mimasyngenes quiuira sp.n. (Brazil, São Paulo); M. icuapara sp.n. (Brasil, São Paulo; Argentina, Misiones); M. ytu sp.n. (Brazil, Minas Gerais and São Paulo). Additional records are provided for; lschnoleomimus excavatus Breuning, 1940; Malthonea guttata (Kirsch, 1889): M. ruficornis Belon, 1903; Cicuiara striata (Bates, 1866); Mimasyngenes lineatipennis Breuning, 1950 and M. inlineatus Breuning, 1956.

In the present study we estimed the longevity and reproductive potential of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), in different densities of grouped pairs, as a function of time of collection. The study was divided into two phases and conducted in an incubator regulated at 27oC, 65±10% RH and 14 hours photoperiod. Forty and 20 pairs/replication were used, corresponding to the third and fourth generation originating from a laboratory colony. Egg masses were collected at 8:00 and 17:00 hours daily. The results obtained were influenced by the variables established. The ovipositing peak occurred 20 days after the emergence of females belonging to the third generation. This peak occurred earlier in fourth generation females, i.e., 11 days after imago emergence. These peaks corresponded to a total of 0,30 and 0,23g of egg masses, respectively. The survival curves for adults were estimated by the Weibull method.

This report deals with the identification of one hundred and seventy-one samples of nematodes recovered from Brazilian birds collected by Lauro Travassos and his staff, between 1921-1960. Aprocta travassossi Caballero, 1938, Aprocta sp., Baruscapillaria appendiculata (Freitas, 1933) Moravec, 1982, Contracaecum plagiaticium Lent & Freitas, 1948, C. spiculigerum (Rudolphi, 1809) Railliet & Henry, 1912, Contracaecum sp., Cyrnea (C.) semilunaris (Molin, 1860) Seurat, 1914, Oxyspirura sp., Paronchocerca ibanezi (Freitas, Vicente & Pinto, 1970) Anderson &. Bain, 1976, Porrocaecum sp., Procyrnea sp., Skrjabinura spiralis Gnédina, 1933, Subulura acutissima Molin, 1860, S. bentocruzi Barreto, 1919, S. travassossi Barreto, 1919, Subulura sp. and Tetrameres sp. were studied. Contracaecum spiculigerum and Aprocta travassossi are redescribed and referred for the first time in South America. New host records were established for most of the species.

An inventory of the fauna of lizards was made in the dunes of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) and in the "restingas" (sandbanks with its associated vegetation) of Ponta de Campina (Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil) from October/84 to March/86. The objective was to know the composition and structure of these communities as well as to evaluate the zoogeographical importance of the spots. The samples were collected and the observations were made along of transects which were established to enable the sampling of the habitats under study in both areas. Each transect was crossed one day per month, during 14 months. The collect of lizards was made manually or through the use of a small gun, calibre 22, with ammunition of the type mustard lead. Observations were made on the habitats utilized by the species (open areas or forests) and on the species distribution by microhabitat. The fauna of lizards in the area under study is formed by species ecologically connected with open formations and also by species of the Atlantic Rain Forest. The majority of the species collected in the open areas is part of the fauna of the great diagonal of open formations which come from the Northeast of Argentina and go up to the state of Maranhão. There is, however, a great influence of the caatinga fauna, specially in the dunes of Natal. The species found in the forest of the dunes, in spite of being part of the Atlantic Forest, are morphologically differentiated. Gymnodactylus darwinii (Gray, 1845) and G. geckoides Spix, 1825 are sympatrics, but not syntopics, in the dunes of Natal.

Calyozina dilatata sp.n., from northern Brazil is described and illustrated. This species is recognized by having the fifth foretarsomere dilated. With six scanning micrografies.