RCAAP Repository

The type localities, depositary museums, taxonomical comments and geographical occurrences of the Neotropical Xeromelissinae are given. Flowers visited and nesting habits of some species are presented. The following new combinations are proposed: Chilicola cupheae (Schrottky,1905) and Chilicola (Anoediscelis) dalmeidai (Moure, 1946). Chilicola friesella is the new name given to Chilicola friesei Herbst, 1920, the homonym resulted by thepublication of Oediscelis friesei Ducke, 1907as Chilicola (Üediscelis) friesei by Michener, 1995.

The following species is excluded from the neotropical fauna: Hesperia yva Plötz, 1886, mentioned by EVANS (1955) as Mucia yva, is an Asian species, probably a synonym of Suastus gremius (Fabricius, 1798). The following species are transferred to the neotropical region: Aurina dida EVANS, 1939, described from Sierra Leoa, Africa, and Hesperia subviridis Plötz, 1886, a species of Penicula EVANS, 1955, described from São Paulo, Brazil, was erroneously transferred by EVANS (1957) to Ceylon (=Sri Lanka). The types species of two genera are changed: Hydraenomia aberrans Draudt, 1924 is the new type of Clito EVANS, 1953, and Cantha calva EVANS, 1955 is the new type of Cantha EVANS, 1955 (ICZN, Art.70.3.2.). Popilio clito Fabricius, 1787, designated by EVANS(1953) as the type species of CLito,is a species of Milanion Godman & Salvin, 1895. Cyclopides celeus Mabille, 1891, designated by EVANS(1955) as the type species of Cantha, is a species of Vehilius Scudder, 1872. The following taxa are nom. nov.: Enosis schausi for Hesperia misera Schaus, 1902, praeocc. (Lucas, 1856); Jongiana for Surina de Jong, 1983, praeocc. (Walker, 1869 [Lepidoptera]). The following taxa is a nom. nud.: Polygonus mimeticus J. Zikán & W. Zikán, 1968. The following taxa are sp. rev.: Aethilla haber (Mabille, 1891); Clito aberrans (Draudt, 1924); Mylon maimon(Fabricius, 1775); Atalopedesflaveola (Mabille, 1891); Carystoides alda (Plötz, 1882); Chalcone briquenydan briquenydan (Weeks, 1901); Cobalopsis hazarma (Hewitson. 1877); Corticea rivula (Mabille, 1891); Enosis uza uza (Hewitson, 1877); Eutocus vetulus vetulus (Mabille, 1883); Eutychide rastaca (Schaus, 1902); Lerodea petrovna (Schaus, 1902); Paratrytrone gala (Godman, 1900); Poanes zachaeus (Plötz, 1883); Saturnus reticulata reticulata (Plötz, 1883); Virga silvanus (Hayward, 1947). The following taxa is a ssp. rev.: Polygonus leo pallida Röber, 1925. The following taxa are stat. rev.: Chioides cinereus (Mabille & Vuillot, 1891); Potamanaxas paralus (Godman & Salvin, 1895). The following taxa are stat. nov.: Sarbia soza EVANS, 1951; Polygonus savigny savigny (Latreille, [1824]); Anastrus chaqua EVANS, 1953: Chalcone briquenydan chalcone (Schaus, 1902); Cynea anthracinus holomelas (Mabille, 1891); Moeris striga menopis (Schaus, 1902); Monca telata crsipinus (Plötz, 1882). The following taxa are spp. nov.: Sarbia curitiba from Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); Pythonides nides from Brazil (Espírito Santo); Carystus ploetzi from Brazil (Pará, Amazonas) and Peru (Huánuco, Loreto). The following is a ssp. nov.: Zenis jebus beckeri from Brazil (Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, São Paulo). The following taxa are syn. nov.: Aspitha teffa EVANS, 1951 of Aspitha aspitha aspitha (Hewitson, 1866); Thymele grullus Mabille, 1888 of Astraptes latimargo latimargo (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Erycides imbreus Plötz, 1879, and Erycides spurius Mabille, 1880 of Phocides polybius lilea (Reakirt, 1867); Polygonus leo ishmael EVANS, 1952 of Polygonus leo leo (Gmelin, 1790); Polygonus manueli manueli Bell & W. Ph. Comstock, 1948 of Polygonus savigny savigny (Latreille, [1824]); Goniuris [sic] decussata Ménétriés, 1855 of Polythrix octomaculata (Sepp, [1844]); Milanion plumnus var. hemestinus Mabille & Boullet, 1917 of Milanion leucaspis (Mabille, 1878); Papilio menippus Fabricius, 1776 of Mylon maimon (Fabricius, 1775); Tagiades chacona Plötz, 1886 of Ouleus fridericus fridericus (Geyer, 1832); Ouleus matria matria EVANS, 1953 of Ouleus juxta juxta (Bell, 1934); Pythonides vecina Mabille & Boullet, 1917 of Pythonides herennius herennius Geyer, [1838]; Quadrus zolus Mielke, 1968 of Quadrus jacobus (Plötz, 1884); Cobalus nigritulus Mabille, 1883 of Anthoptus epictetus (Fabricius, 1793); Pamphila cerymicoides Burmeister, 1878, and Carystus argus Möschler, 1879 of Argon lota (Hewitson, 1877); Tigasis akuris Bell, 1942 of Arita arita (Schaus, 1902); Lerodea remea Bell, 1941 of Arita polistion (Schaus, 1902); Mnasitheus similis de Jong, 1983 of Arotis pandora (Lindsey, 1925); Atalopedes clarkei Burns, 1989 of Atalopedes flaveola (Mabille, 1891); Hesperia beda Plötz, 1886 of Callimormus rivera (Plötz, 1882); Chalcone chalcone corta EVANS, 1955 of Chalcone briquenydan briquenydan (Weeks, 1901); Augiades anita Schaus, 1902 of Chalcone tania (Schaus, 1902); Cobalus zetus Bell, 1942 of Cobalopsis nero (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Megistias sancoya Schaus, 1902 of Cobalopsis hazarma (Hewitson, 1877); Megistias vegrandis Hayward, 1934 of Cobalopsis miaba (Schaus, 1902); Ancyloxypha melanoneura orientalis Hayward, 1967 of Copaeodes jean favor EVANS, 1955; Lento muska EVANS, 1955 of Corticea mendica schwarzi (Bell, 1941); Megistias vanilia Schaus, 1902 of Cymaenes perloides (Plötz, 1882); Eutychide astiga Schaus, 1902 of Cymaenes tripunctata tripunctata (Latreille, [1824]); Rhinthon luctatius Schaus, 1913 of Cynea anthracinus holomelas (Mabille, 1891); Rhinthon bomax Schaus, 1902 of Cynea bistrigula (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Cynea conta Mielke, 1968 of Cynea robba nippa EVANS, 1955; Pamphila agassus Mabille, 1891 of Enosis uza uza (Hewitson, 1877); Amblyscirtes insulae-pinorum [sic] Holland, 1916 of Euphyes cornelius cornelius (Latreille, [1824]); Eutocus matildae vinda EVANS, 1955, and Vehilius vetustus Mielke, 1968 of Eutocus vetulus vetulus (Mabille, 1883); Eutychide angus EVANS, 1955 of Eutychide rastaca (Schaus, 1902); Stomyles gallio Mabille, 1904 of Gallio carasta (Schaus, 1902); Eutychide candallariae Strand, 1921 of Halotus angellus (Plötz, 1886); Lerodea tesera Schaus, 1902 of Lerodea erythrostictus (Prittwitz, 1868); Pamphila fasciata Möschler, ?-1877 of Metron zimra (Hewitson, I-1877); Perimeles stollmeyeri Bell, 1932 of Mnasicles hicetaon Godrnan, 1901; Vehilius norma Dyar, 1917 of Mnasilus allubita (Butler, 1877); Phlebodes silviculirix Hayward, 1934 of Moeris striga menopis (Schaus, 1902); Molo menta menta EVANS, 1955 of Molo calcarea calcarea (Schaus, 1902); Molo petra EVANS, 1955 of Molo visendus (Bell, 1942); Cyclopides metius Mabille, 1891 of Monca telata telata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Hesperia tyrtaeus Plötz, XI-1882 of Monca telata crispinus (Plötz, V-1882); Hesperia leucopogon Plötz, 1882 of Morys compta compta (Butler, 1877); Hesperia yva Plötz, 1886 of Suastus gremius (Fabricius, 1798); Cymaenes geijskesi de Jong, 1983 of Nastra chao (Mabille, 1898); Lerodea unipunctata Hayward, 1934, and Lerodea uniformis Hayward, 1939 of Nastra incomptus (Hayward, 1934); Lerodea hoffmanni Bell, 1947 of Nastra julia (Freernan, 1945); Rhinthon cubana australis Mielke, 1970 of Neoxeniades braesia andricus (Mabille, 1895); Hesperia ulrica Plötz, 1882 of Niconiades merenda (Mabille, 1878); Hesperia senex Plötz, 1882 of Panoquina peraea (Hewitson, 1866); Lerodea unicolor Hayward, 1938, and Lerodea modesta Hayward, 1939 of Papias phainis Godman, 1900; Hesperia infuscata Plötz, 1882, and Pamphila integra Mabille, 1891 of Papias subcostulata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1870); Paratrytone miahua Steinhauser, 1996 of Librita raspa EVANS, 1955; Parphorus nemorus Bell, 1941, and Tigasis altona EVANS, 1955 of Parphorus fartuga (Schaus, 1902); Peba striata Mielke, 1968 of Peba verames (Schaus, 1902); Pheraeus manes Steinhauser, 1991 of Pheraeus unia (Butler, 1870); Euroto schmithi Bell, 1940 of Phlebodes sameda (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Pamphila rolla Mabille, 1883, and Pamphila lagon Mabille, 1891 of Poanes zachaeus (Plötz, 1883); Pamphila crassinota Mabille, 1898 of Pamphila amblyspila (Mabille, 1898); Rhinthon proximus Bell, 1934, and Synapte infusco Nicolay, 1980 of Propapias sipariana (Kaye, 1925); Psoralis ravus EVANS, 1955 of Psoralis coyana (Schaus, 1902); Mellana myron verba EVANS, 1955 of Quasimellana servilius (Möschler, 1883); Papilio atiopides Larrañaga, 1923 of Quinta cannae (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Proteides chiriquensis Mabille, 1889, p. 239 (nec p. 157) of Rhinthon cubana osca (Plötz, 1882); Styrioides [sic] quaka EVANS, 1955 of Styriodes dedecora (Plötz, 1882); Enosis inframaculata Strand, 1921 of Styriodes quadrinotata (Mabille, 1889); Thespieus cacajo Dyar, 1913 of Thespieus macareus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Thespieus paula EVANS, 1955 of Thespieus tapayuna EVANS, 1955; Molo stygia EVANS, 1955 of Turesis complanula (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Pyrrhopyge maravilha Foetterle, 1902 of Turmada camposa (Plötz, 1886); Vehilius almoneus Schaus, 1902, and Vehilius vetus oiticicai Mielke, 1973 of Vehilius celeus celeus (Mabille, 1883); Lerodea chinta Schaus, 1902, and Lerodea mocoreta Hayward, 1939 of vehilius inca (Scudder, 1872); Virga phola EVANS, 1955, and Virga eliasi Mielke, 1968 of Virga silvanus (Hayward, 1947); Pamphila helva Möschler, 1877 of Wallengrenia otho clavus (Erichson, [1849]); Atrytone chingachgook Weeks, 1909 of Wallengrenia premnas (Wallengren, 1860); Copaeodes chromis Skinner, 1919 of Zariaspes mythecus Godman, 1900; Hesperia melaleuca Plötz, 1882 of Zenis minos (Latreille, [1824]). The following taxa are comb. nov.: Jemadia gnetus brevipennis Schaus, 1902; Polygonus savigny punctus Bell & W. Ph. Comstock, 1948; Heliopyrgus domicella margarita (Bell, 1937); Milanion clito (Fabricius, 1787); Quadrus jacobus (Plötz, 1884); Argon lota (Hewitson, 1877); Callimormus rivera (Plötz, 1882); Chalcone briquenydan briquenydan (Weeks, 1901); Chalcone briquenydan chalcone (Schaus,1902); Chalcone briquenydan australis Mielke, 1980; Cobalopsis hazarma (Hewitson, 1877); Corticea rivula (Mabille, 1891); Cynea anthracinus holomelas (Mabille, 1891); Damas horridus (Bell, 1940); Enosis uza uza (Hewitson, 1877); Enosis uza pruinosa (Plötz, 1882); Eutocus vetulus vetulus (Mabille, 1883); Eutocus vetulus matildae (Hayward, 1941); Gallio carasta (Schaus, 1902); Jongiana unica (de Jong, 1983); Moeris striga menopis (Schaus, 1902); Molo calcarea calcarea (Schaus, 1902); Molo calcarea penda EVANS, 1955; Molo visendus (Bell, 1942); Monca telata crispinus (Plötz, 1882); Nastra incomptus (Hayward, 1934); Paratrytone gala (Godman, 1900); Penicula subviridis (Plötz, 1886); Psoralis coyana (Schaus, 1902); Quasimellana servilius (Möschler, 1883); Saturnus reticulata conspicuus (Bell, 1941); Saturnus reticulata obscurus (Bell, 1941); Saturnus reticulata suffusus (Hayward, 1940); Saturnus reticulata tiberius (Möschler, 1883); Styriodes dedecora (Plötz, 1882); Vehilius celeus celeus (Mabille, 1891); Vehilius celeus ochraceus Biezanko & Mielke, 1983; Vehillus celeus vetus Mielke, 1969. The following taxa is a comb. rev.: Mimoniades baroni (Godman & Salvin, 1893). Lectotypes for the following taxa are designated: Pyrrhopyga [sic] oneka Hewitson, 1866; Eudamus latimargo Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Erycides imbreus Plötz, 1879; Papilio amyntas Fabricius, 1775; Hesperia savigny Latreille, [1824]); Papilio clito Fabricius, 1787; Pythonides leucaspis Mabille, 1878; Milonion pilumnus var. hemestinus Mabille & Boullet, 1917; Papilio maimon Fabricius, 1775; Tagiades chacona Plötz, 1886; Tagiades jacobus Plötz, 1884; Hesperia epictetus Fabricius, 1793; Cobalus nigritulus Mabille, 1883; Hesperia lota Hewitson, 1877; Pamphila cerymicoides Burmeister, 1878; Pamphila flaveola Mabille, 1891; Hesperia beda Plötz, 1886; Pamphila briquenydan Weeks, 1901; Hesperia hazarma Hewitson, 1877; Pamphila rivula Mabille, 1891; Hesperia tripunctata Latreille, [1824]; Pamphila holomelas Mabille, 1891; Rhinthon luctatius Schaus, 1913; Hesperia uza Hewitson, 1877; Pamphila agassus Mabille, 1891; Amblyscirtes insulae-pinorum [sic] Holland, 1916; Cobalus vetulus Mabille, 1883; Hesperia angellus Plötz, 1886; Mnasicles hicetaon Godman, 1901; Pamphila allubita Butler, 1877; Padraona calcarea Schaus, 1902; Cyclopides metius Mabille, 1891; Hesperia tyrtaeus Plötz, 1882; Pamphila morys Butler, 1877; Hesperia leucopogon Plötz, 1882; Pamphila chao Mabille, 1898; Proteides andricus Mabille, 1895; Proteides merenda Mabille, 1878; Hesperia peraea Hewitson, 1866; Hesperia lucas Fabricius, 1793; Goniloba sylvicola Herrich-Schäffer, 1865; Papias phainis Godman, 1900; Hesperia infuscata Plötz, 1882; Pamphila integra Mabille, 1891; Hesperia subviridis Plötz, 1886; Phlebodes unia Butler, 1870; Cobalus sameda Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Pamphila lagon Mabille, 1891; Pamphila crassinota Mabille, 1898; Cymaenes sipariana Kaye, 1925; Cobalus cannae Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Hesperia dedecora Plötz, 1882; Goniloba macareus Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Thespieus cacajo Dyar, 1913; Hesperia camposa Plötz, 1886; Pyrrhopyge maravilha Foetterle, 1902; Cyclopides celeus Mabille, 1891; Lerodea inca Scudder, 1872; Hesperia clavus Erichson, [1849]; Pamphila helva Möschler, 1877; Hesperia premnas Wallengren, 1860; Atrytone chingachgook Weeks, 1909; Zariaspes mythecus Godman, 1900; Hesperia minas Latreille, [1824]; Hesperia melaleuca Plötz, 1882. Neotypes for the following taxa are designated: Polygonus lividus Hübner, [1825], and Papilio atiopides Larrañaga, 1923. The designated Lectotype of Aguna albistria leucogramma (Mabille, 1888) by AUSTIN & MIELKE (1998) is invalid.

Species of batflies of bats from Amazonas and Pará, Brazil are reported. Eleven species of Streblidae and three of Nycteribiidae were found on nine species of bats, belonging to seven genera. Pseudostrebla greenwelli Wenzel, 1996, Trichobius affinis Wenzel, 1976, Trichobius silvicolae Wenzel, 1976, and Hershkovitzia inaequalis Theodor, 1967 were collected for the first time in Brazil. Strebla consocia Wenzel, 1966, Strebla galindoi Wenzel, 1966, Trichobius dugesioides phyllostomus Guerrero, 1998, and Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966 are new records for state of Amazonas. Noctiliostrebla maai Wenzel, 1966, Basilia dubia Guimarães & D'Andretta, 1956, and Basilia ferruginea Miranda Ribeiro, 1903 are new records for state of Pará.

Seasonal fluctuations and depth distribution of the vagile macrofauna associated with Sargassum cymosum at Lazaro beach, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, were evaluated through density comparison of higher taxonomic groups among three depth intervals in four periods of the year. Ten groups were identified and among them gammarid and caprellid amphipods were numerically dominant in all sampling periods and did not show any consistent zonation trend. Gastropods, polychaetes and ophiuroids ocurred in lower densities and tended to dominate as depth increased, Wet weight algae variation did not explain the observed spatial and temporal patterns. Biotic interactions, recruitment and environmental parameters are probably involved in seasonal density variation of the faunal groups studied but it was evident that the depth gradient play an important role in vagile macrofauna vertical distribution.

The trap-nesting bees of Guaribas Biological Reserve were studied during one year. Three areas with different vegetation types were sampled, open savanas, closed forest, and a mosaic of these two types. Twelve species of trap-nesting bees were observed, four of which are parasites. The most abundant species were Centris tarsata (Smith, 1879), C. analis (Fabricius, 1804), Tetrapedia diversipes KJug, 1810, and Mesocheira bicolor (Fabricius, 1804). Nesting of Centris tarsata and Mesocheira bicolor occurred mainly during the dry season, while Centris analis and Tetrapedia diversipes did not show any seasonal preferences. Mesocheira bicolar occurred only in the nests of C. tarsata, parasitizing more than 50% of the nests and representing 23.2% of the individuais emerged in the host nests. The mosaic area yielded a greater abundance and diversity. Comparing the sampling methods of trap-nests and entomological nets, conducted simultaneously in the same area, in relation to diversity of trap nesting bees, it was observed a great similarity in terrns of composition and differences of abundance in species sampled. Some hypothesis are discussed to explain a reason for the greater diversity and abundance of the mosaic area in relation to the other areas.

A study about species composition, relative abundance, densities, size composition, reproductive and recruiting periods, sex proportion and species diversity of the decapod populations associated to worm reefs of P. caudata (Kröyer, 1856) was carried out. Monthly, samples of worm reef were obtained from August/1997 to July/1998 from Caiobá Beach, Matinhos (25º51 'S and 48º32'W), Paraná State, southern Brazil. Air temperature oscillated from 14.5ºC (July) to 31.0ºC (February), surface water from 18.0ºC (July) to 28.0ºC (January and February), and the salinity from 22%0 (February) to 34%0 (September). Eigth decapod species were found: Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850); Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850); Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857; Eurypanopeus abbreviatus (Stimpson, 1860); Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859; Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879; Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781); and Alpheus heterochaelis Say, 1818. The total density varied from 1.66 ind./l (September) to 33.93 ind./l (January). Petrolisthes armatus was the most numerous species. Six species were constant, one was accessory, and another accidental. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was the lowest when compared with other similar habitats. Ovigerous females occurred in six species, but no species showed continuous breeding all year round. The majority of the associated decapods were smaller than those reported in the literature.

A study about composition, relative abundance and densities of peracarid populations associated to worm reefs of P. caudata (Kröyer, 1856) from Caiobá Beach, Matinhos, State of Paraná (25º51'S and 48º 32'W) was carried out. Monthly samples were obtained from August/1997 to July/1998. The density was calculated as the number of individuais per liter of worm reef. Three amphipod and three isopod species were obtained. The total density of the amphipod populations varied from 3.85 ind./l (July) to 70.56 ind./l (December) and that of the isopod from 0.25 ind./l (May) to 11.73 ind./l (March), The annual fluctuation of the amphipod densities was closely related to the weight fluctuation of the associated algae. The most numerous amphipod species was Elasmopus pectenicrus (Bate, 1862) followed by Hyale media (Dana, 1853) and Ericthonius brasiliensis (Dana, 1853). The isopod Paradynoides brasiliensis Loyola e Silva, 1960 was the most numerous followed by Excirolana armata (Dana, 1852) and Dynoides castroi Loyola e Silva, 1960. All amphipods and two isopod species were considered as constant species and they showed continuous breeding all year round. The occurrence of males, females (including ovigerous ones) and juveniles in the most amphipod and isopod populations in the present study indicates that these peracarids perform a complete life cycle within the Phragmatopoma caudata reefs. These constitute an alternative substrate to peracarids living on phytal and sandy habitats.

The utilization of artificial receptacles to oviposition by mosquitoes in forest environment may indicate a sinantropic tendency or behaviour. Our data revealed that tires were as the most acceptable breeding for Culex (Culex) eduardoi Casal & Garcia 1968.The population density of this species was higher and summer seasons.

Bostricobranchus digonas Abbott, 1951 was discovered by dredging near Cotinga Island, Paranaguá Bay, Paraná (25º31'511"S, 48º28'714"W). Concentrated in a small area 1.5 m deep, the animals were collected by a Van Veen device. All sizes from 3 mm up to 2 cm in body diameter were recovered. This is the first report of a species of this genus in the South Atlantic and its oeeurrenee is diseussed.

The white croaker Micropogonias fumieri (Desmarest, 1823) is one of the most abundant fish species in the Sepetiba Bay, being heavily exploited in fisheries. Two hundred eleven fishes, captured from October 1998 to September 1999, in monthly samplings with otter trawling, were studied. The aim here is to characterize morphometrics of populations that use de Bay in order to compare with other areas. Measurements included standard length (SL), head length (HL), Pre-dorsal distance (PDD), pectoral distance (PD), ventral distance (VD) and anal distance (AD), pectoral length (PL) and eye diarneter (ED). The values of HL, PDD, PD, VD, AD, were related to SL, while ED was related to HL. Scatterplot from logaritrnized data, by sex, were analyzed in order to assess alometry. Males outnumber females with differences being highly significant (p < 0.01), mainly in size c1ass 100 and 150 mm SL. The studied population varying from 62 to 205 mm. Head length varied from 28.7 to 38.6% SL; PDD 32.5 to 42.9%; PD 276 to 41.1 %; VD 26.6 to 44.8%; AD 58.1 to 76.8%; and PL 10.8 to 29.8%. Eye diameter varied from 16.7 to 26.1 % HL. Positive alometry (k > I) were shown for PL in both sexes, and for AD in female, indicating that these measurements increase proportionately more than the standard length; isometric growth (k = 1) were shown for HL, PDD, PD, VD in both sexes, for AD in males; negative alometry (k < 1) was shown only for ED in relation to head length (HL), in both males and females. The white croaker populations in lhe Sepetiba Bay seems to be similar in their morphometrics aspects to the populations of coastal zone at Southeast Brazil, which differ from South coastal zone populations.

The hemocyte composition of adults of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) Koch, 1844 adults consisted of three basic cellular types: prahemocyte I (PR I), plasmatocyte (PL) and spherulocyte (ES II). Among the ixodids observed (A. cajennense; A. dissimile Koch, 1844; Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille, 1806; Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897) Schulze, 1937; Boophilus microplus Canestrini, 1887 and Haemaphysalis sp.) only A. cajennense was different in the adult hemolymph colour. It changed from amber to deep blue as the ixodid age advanced. This fact could be associated with the presence of hemocyanin in the hemolymph and points out the need to develop further investigations about the Ixodidae hemolymph pratein composition as well as the function of all the types found in it. This information could aid the studies on ticks control.

Two species of Basilia Miranda Ribeiro, 1903 (Nycteribiidae) and eigth species of Streblidae were collected from Brasília. Basilia anceps Guimarães &amp; D' Andretta, 1956; B. hughscotti Guimarães &amp; D' Andretta, 1956; Megistopoda aranea (Coquillet, 1899); M. proxima (Séguy, 1926) and Neotrichobius delicatus (Machado-Allison, 1966) are collected for the first time at the Federal District.

The northern coast of Pernambuco State, Brazil, is an wintering area for shorebirds originally from north America, especially from the east. The first flocks arrive in September, staying till April, when they molts, change plumage, and acquire enough biomass to migrate back to the northern hemisfere. In order to calculate flight range mass and length of the wing of Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte, 1825, Calidris fuscicollis Vieillot, 1819, C. pusilla Linnaeus, 1766 and C. alba Pallas, 1764 was recorded. Traps were carried out in Coroa do Avião (7º40' S and 34º50'W) in the northern coast of the State of Pernambuco, between May 1992 and April 1995. The length of the wing was registered with the wing spread (from the insertion of the bone till the extremity of the longest primary remige). Individuals which were changing the tenth primary were not included in this measuring. Mass was taken in grarns, and flight range was calculated using the equations proposed for adult individuais. The individual with the highest flight range reached around 1831,87 km, and had been trapped and ringed in 14th April 1994, when had 61,5 g and wing measuring 12,9 cm, with intermediate plumage. The highest flight range reached by C. fuscicollis was around 1906,43 km. It had been trapped and ringed in the 3rd of May 1992, with weight of 50 g, and wing of 12,9 cm, and had reproduction plumage. The individual with the highest flight range reached 3545,77 km, had been trapped and ringed in 15th April 1994, weighted 44 g, wing measured 10 cm, and presented intermediate plumage. The specimen of C. alba which presented the highest flight range, of 82 g, wing of 13,4 cm, and had intennediate plumage.

Bandaromimus Linnavuori, 1959 is reported for the first time in Brazil. Two new species are described: Bandaromimus matogrossensis sp. nov. (Brazil, Mato Grosso) and Bandaromimus insularis sp. nov. (Brazil, Paraná). The female of Bandaromimus parvicauda Linnavuori &amp; Heller, 1961 is described and the illustrations of male genitalia is also added.

Nomenclatural actions are taken in the Neotropical Eumaeini in advance of publication of the Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera Checklist. Lectotypes are designated for eleven species group names: Lycaena astiocha Prittwitz, 1865; Thecla azia Hewitson, 1873; Thecla beroea Hewitson, 1868; Thecla cupa Druce, 1907; Thecla daraba Hewitson, 1867; Thecla duma Hewitson, 1878; Thecla erenea Hewitson, 1867; Thecla galliena Hewitson, 1867; Thecla guacanagari Wallengren, 1860; Thecla stagira Hewitson, 1867; and Thecla thoria Hewitson, 1867. Thecla duma Hewitson, 1878 and Thecla columbinia Strand, 1916 are transferred from Eumaeini to Deudorigini (Theclinae). Lycaena vanessoides Prittwitz, 1865 is transferred from Polyommatinae to Theclinae (Eumaeini). Six type localities are changed: Colombia to Africa for Thecla columbinia Strand, 1916; Amazon to Guayaquil for Thecla daraba Hewitson, 1867; Colombia to Southeast Asia for Thecla duma Hewitson, 1878; Bolivia to Westem North America for Ignata illepida K. Johnson, 1992; Argentina to the United States for Strymon nivnix K. Johnson, Eisele &amp; MacPherson, 1990; and Dominican Republic to mainland Central and South America for Tmolus victoria K. Johnson &amp; Matusik, 1989. Seven new synonyms are: Lycaena vanessoides Prittwitz, 1865 = Thecla hygela Hewitson, 1868 syn. nov.; Thecla saepium Boisduval, 1852 = Ignata illepida K. Johnson, 1992 syn. nov.; Thecla tyriam H.H. Druce, 1907 = Zigirina minutia K. Johnson &amp; Adams, 1997 syn. nov.; Thecla halciones Butler &amp; H. Druce, 1872 = Decussata colombiana K. Johnson, Austin, Le Crom &amp; Sal azar, 1997 syn. nov.; Papilio celmus Cramer, 1775 = Tmolus victoria K. Johnson &amp; Matusik, 1989 syn. nov.; Thecla daraba Hewitson, 1867 = Thecla tyleri Dyar, 1913 syn. nov.; and Thecla galliena Hewitson, 1877 = Thecla iopas Godman &amp; Salvin, 1887 syn. nov. The generic name Decussata K. Johnson, Austin, Le Crom &amp; Salazar, 1997 is a new junior synonym of Ostrinotes K. Johnson, Austin, Le Crom &amp; Salazar, 1997. The unavailable infra-subspecific name Thecla orobiana forma ♀ cosmophila Tessmann, 1928 is available as Thecla cosmophila Bridges, 1988. Seven new combinations are: Hypokopelates columbinia (Strand, 1916) comb. nov.; Mithras cosmophila Bridges, 1988 comb. nov.; Nicolaea cupa (Druce, 1907) comb. nov.; Salazaria elizabetha (Salazar, Vélez &amp; K. Johnson, 1997) comb. nov.; Ostrinotes halciones (Butler &amp; H. Druce, 1872) comb. nov.; Strephonota tyriam (H.H. Druce, 1907) comb. nov.; and Aubergina vanessoides (Prittwitz, 1865) comb. nov. The holotypes of seven eumaeines are composed of parts belonging to different species: Strymon andrewi K. Johnson &amp; Matusik, 1988; Decussata colombiana K. Johnson, Austin, Le Crom &amp; Salazar, 1997; Trochusinus elizabetha Salazar, Vélez &amp; K. Johnson, 1997; lgnata illepida K. Johnson, 1992; Zigirina minutia K. Johnson &amp; Adams, 1997; Strymon nivnix K. Johnson, Eisele &amp; MacPherson, 1990; and Tmolus victoria K. Johnson &amp; Matusik, 1989. Some parts of these holotypes are excluded to clarify the identity of these names. Three chronic misspellings are corrected: Papilio ganimedes Crarner, 1775, for Papilio ganymedes [sic] Fabricius, 1776;Thecla atnius Herrich-Schäffer, [1853], for Thecla atrius [sic] Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]; and Rusticus minyas Hübner, [1809], for Rusticus minijas [sic] Poey, 1832. The name Electrostrymon minikyanos K. Johnson &amp; Matusik, 1988, is treated as a nomen dubium. The subjective synonymy of Thecla guacanagari Wallengren, 1860, and Thecla azia Hewitson, 1873, is referred to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for conditional suppression of the first name. Precedence for the names Papilio dion Schaller, 1788, and Hesperia columella Fabricius, 1793, is reversed under Article 23.9.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

Pteropoda studies were carried out offshore São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (0º56'2"N e 29º20'6"W) to assess biodiversity and spatial distribution. A Bongo net (mesh size 300 micrometer) was hauled obliquely from a depth between 0 and 50 m and Oand 100 m by the REVIZEE-SCORE/NE I oceanographic expedition on board of the Brazilian Navy Oceanographic Ship Antares. Samples were collected at 16 stations from September to October 1995. A total of 880 organisms distributed in 20 species, 14 genera and 9 families were identified. At the layer 0-50 m, Creseis virgula (Rang (828) was the most frequent species (71.43%), followed by Limacina inflata (Orbigny, (836) and Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 18(3) (64.28%, each). ln terms of relative abundance outranked L. inflara (varying between 57.5 and 92.24%) and C. virgula (varying between 60.0 and 72.73%). At the layer 0-100 m, C. virgula was very frequent (80%), L. inflata (70%) and Cuvierina columnella (Rang (827) (40%) were frequent, other species had less than 30% of frequency. L. inflata varied from 37.5 to 100% and C. virgula from 42.42 to 100% of relative abundance. Species diversity varied from medium to low ( < 2.0 bits.ind-1) in both layers. At the layer 0-50 m C. virgula was directly correlated to temperature and salinity, while at the layer 0-100 m L. inflata was correlated to these parameters, showing that these species are Tropical Water indicators.

Investigations concerning to the breeding period of brachyuran crabs provide fundamental information to determine their reproductive cycle, and also to establish management plans for species mainly in protected areas. This study provides data on the breeding period of M.forceps (A. Milne Edwards, 1875) in the southeastern Brazilian coast. Monthly samplings were carried out during a one year-round. A catch effort of approximately four hours was allocated to each monthly survey. The breeding intensity was determined based on the percentage of ovigerous crabs within the whole adult female population. A total of 137 adult females was obtained, from which 80.3% presented eggs attached on their pleopods. Ovigerous females were observed yearround, usually comprising more than 60% of sampled adult females. The ovigerous frequency was not statistically correlated to the environmental analyzed factors.

A new species of bufonid load, Bufo jimi sp. nov., is described from Maracás and Itagibá, State of Bahia, Brazil. This species shows close relationships to B. paracnemis Lutz, 1925 by sharing the presence of tibial glands and the paratoid glands shape. The new species is a member of the Bufo marinus-group, and is characlerized by having well-defined glands in most part of dorsal faceof the forearms, in the extcrn side of the feet and in both sides of cloacal region.

Based on features of the holotype and seven Brazilian specimens examined under stereomicroscope, light microscope, and scanning electron microscope, Eunice rubra Grube, 1856 is redescribed, allowing for intraspecific variation and providing informationon characters not included in a previous redescription. Characters important for the taxonomy of the genus varied widely, although in some cases because of fixation artefacts.

Worm burdens were evaluated and compared in two groups of the guinea pig, Cavia poreellus (Linnaeus, 1758): animals of the first group were conventionally maintained in an institutional animal house and those of the second group were openly kept in pet shops in Brazil. Animals from both sources were infected only with the nematode Paraspidodera uncinata (Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1914 (10% of prevalence in guinea pigs from lhe institutional facility and 40% in those animals from the pet shop). Other helminth samples recovered from Brazilian guinea pigs during 52 years and that are deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC) were also analyzed. Paraspidodera uncinata and the cestode Monoecocestus parcitesticulatus Rêgo, 1960 were identified in these samples.