RCAAP Repository

Garapita Oman is redescribed and four new species are described, G. (G.) guajarensis sp. nov., G. (G.) sinopia sp. nov., G. (G.) computa sp. nov., from Brazil and G. (G.) paraguaiensis sp. nov. from Paraguay. A new combination is established, G. (G.) clitellaria (Osborn, 1923), comb. nov. and G. (G.) pulchripennis Linnavuori, 1959 is considered a new synonym. The male of G. (G.) clitellaria, up to now unknown, is described. G. (G.) garbosa Oman, 1936 is reported for the first time in Brazil; G. (Chlamydopita) aurea Linnavuori, 1959 is redescribed and illustrated.

New genus and new species of Cicadellini are proposed: Fingeriana dubia occurs at the citrus and coffee culture. The new genera is similar with Nielsonia Young, 1977 but, the shaft of the adeagus of the Fingeriana dubia is symmetrical with a basal unpaired process asymmetrical and plates narrowly triangular as long as pygofer.

Lironeca desterroensis sp. nov. (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) is described on the basis of 105 females and three males taken from the gill chambers of the marine fish, Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier,1829), obtained near Santa Catarina Island, Brazil. The new species resembles Lironeca redmanni Leach, 1818, in size and general appearance but differs from that species in a number of important respects. In the new species, the pleotelson is larger, the pleonites are laterally produced, the uropods have elongate and slender rami and the larval stage (Pullus II) has a prominent frontal projection.

A research of parasitefauna of 50 palm ruff Seriolella violacea Guichenot, 1816 from Ventanilla Fishmarket, Callao, Peru, between July and October 2001 and necropsied to study parasite infracommunities was conducted. Of the fishes collected, 21 were females and 29 males. Male showed a standard length between 21-95 cm (52.6 ± 24.9) and female between 18-96 cm (43.2 ± 21.1) and was not found differences between both sexes. 358 specimens of parasite were collected in total during all the survey, with a mean abundance of 7.2 ± 3.2 (2-18). The mean parasite species richness 1.2 (1-3) was not correlated with standard body length. All hosts were parasited. Forty-two hosts (84%) showed infection with 1 parasite species, and eight (16%) had 2 parasite species. Three parasite species: Paraeurysorchis sarmientoi (Tantaleán, 1974) (Monogenea) (Prevalence = 14%, mean Intensity = 1, mean abundance = 0.14), Neobothriocephalus aspinosus Mateo & Bullock, 1966 (Cestoda) (Prevalence = 100%; mean Intensity = 7.02, mean abundance = 7.02) and Lernanthropus trachuri (Brian, 1903) (Copepoda) (Prevalence = 2%, mean Intensity = 1, mean abundance = 0.02) were found. Neobothriocephalus aspinosus had an overdispersed distribution and was the dominant species. An effect of sex and standard length with prevalence and mean abundance of infection of P. sarmientoi and N. aspinosus were not found. Paraeurysorchis sarmientoi showed the most prevalence of infection in the second gill-arch. Finally, we included a complete list of all metazoan parasites of S. violacea reported from Peru.

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) (Euphorbiaceae) is attacked by various species of phytophagous mites in Brazil. Studies conducted in the State of Mato Grosso showed the presence of Agistemus floridanus Gonzalez, 1965 (Stigmaeidae) on rubber trees, associated with the mite Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, 1945. The aim of this work was to study the biology of that predator in the laboratory, when fed with T. heveae as prey. The study was started with 22 eggs, which resulted in 15 females reaching adult hood. To determine the effect of mating on oviposition, 30 females were used; half of those were maintained isolated and the remaining were maintained then with males during the whole adult stage. The stage of egg was the longest, with a duration of more than 4.0 days. The total duration of the immature phase was 10.2 days. Each female oviposited an average of 38.4 eggs, with a daily oviposition rate of 2.3 eggs per female. The duration of each adult phase, the daily oviposition rate and the longevity were different between the mated females and non-mated females. All eggs produced by non-mated originated males, characterizing, in this way, the development through arrhenothokous parthenogenesis. The results showed that A. floridanus has an innate increase capacity of 13.2 times in each generation, that the average duration of one generation is 19.2 days, that the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) is about 0.16 female per female per day and that the number of females added daily to the population is 1.1.

Two species of Centris (Heterocentris) are described as new: Centris (Heterocentris) adunca from Venezuela (Amazonia) and Brazil (Acre) and Centris (Heterocentris) flavicans from Central Brazil (Goiás). The main character of C. (H.) adunca sp. nov. is a crooked tubercle implanted on the basis of clypeus with the apex truncate and slightly bifurcated and a unarmed labrum, and of C. (H.) flavicans sp. nov. the hairs on scutum and scutellum completely yellow. Centris labrosa Friese, 1899 is a new synonym for Centris terminata Smith, 1874.

The four new species Sennius bruneus sp. nov., S. kingsolveri sp. nov., S. maculatus sp. nov. and S. niger sp. nov., predators of seeds of Chamaecrista Moench (Caesalpinaceae) from Serra do Cipó, Santana doRiacho, Minas Gerais, Brazil are described, and their host species listed. A key to the four species is also included.

A detailed study of the morphology of the head of Thyridia psidii cetoides (Rosenberg & Talbot, 1914) (Nymphalidae, Ithomiinae) adults from both sexes is presented. The material was obtained at the city's plant nursery "Horto Florestal de Curitiba", Paraná, Brazil; mainly by rearing eggs and larvae collected there on Cyphomandra betacea (Canavilles) Sendtner, 1845 (Solanaceae). When possible, all the results obtained were compared with those already available in the literature concerning external morphology studies pertinent to other Nymphalidae subfamilies (Brassolinae, Morphinae and Danainae).

Riggia cryptocularis sp. nov. (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) is described on the basis of one female and one male specimen from the body cavity of freshwater fish from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The new species is similar in size to R. paranensis Szidat, 1948, but differs from that species in the following respects. The body shapes are different since the widest part of the adult female is more anterior in R. paranensis. The eyes of the new species are covered and non-functional unlike those of the other species. The cephalon of the new species has a postero-dorsal elevation and a rounded and depressed frons which are lacking in the other species. Pereonites 5-7 are subequal in length in the new species and decrease in length in R. paranensis. The pleon/pleotelson tapers in the female of the new species and in the other it is bluntly rounded and with nearly parallel sides. The pleopods of R. cryptocularis sp. nov. also taper while those of R. paranensis are rounded. The recently described species, R. acuticaudata Thatcher, Lopes & Froehlich, 2002, was also obtained in Mato Grosso do Sul State but differs greatly from the presently described species. The body of R. acuticaudata is much smaller, and more rounded. The eyes of this species are large and functional, the dorsum of the cephalon lacks a dorsal prominence and the pleon/pleotelson tapers more abruptly.

The spatial distribution of mollusks in the intertidal zone was examined monthly from August 1995 through July 1997, in Enseada, Barra Velha and Araçá beaches in southeastern of Brazil. One study sector was selected in Enseada and Barra Velha, and two sectors in Araçá (Araçá I and Araçá II). The sectors were 10 m wide and equivalent in length to the width of the intertidal zone. Each sector was divided into three horizontal levels: lower, middle and upper, where the samples were taken with a cylinder corer with a base area of 0.16 m². In order to characterize the intertidal environment in these areas, some environmental variables were analyzed. In general, the mollusks were distributed in the sectors as follows: Enseada - Olivella minuta (Link, 1807) in the lower level and Tagelus plebeius (Lightfoot, 1786) in the upper level; Araçá I - O. minuta in the lower level, Tellina lineata Turton, 1819 and Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) in the middle levels; Araçá II - Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778) in the lower level, O. minuta in the lower and middle levels, and A. brasiliana and Corbula caribaea Orbigny, 1842 in the middle level; Barra Velha - Tagelus divisus (Spengler, 1794), Lucina pectinata (Gmelin, 1791) and Tellina versicolor De Kay, 1843 in the lower level, and A. brasiliana and Macoma constricta (Brugüìere, 1792) in the upper level. The intertidal zone of the study sectors could be divided into two biological zones: the upper zone, where T. plebeius, A. brasiliana and M. constricta were more abundant; and the lower zone, where O. minuta, C. atratum, T. lineata, T. versicolor, C. caribaea, T. divisus and L. pectinata were abundant.

A new Brazilian Calomys Waterhouse, 1837 species is described based on morphologic and karyologic data. This species is endemic to the Cerrado of Central Brazil and allopatric with all other species of the genus Calomys. Its chromosome complement (2n = 46, AN = 66) is different from those described in other Calomys species. Morphometric analysis significantly distinguished this new species from other Calomys of the Brazilian fauna like C. callosus (Renger, 1830), C. expulsus (Lund, 1841) and C. tener (Winge, 1887) and placed it among the large-sized Calomys.

A total of 58 Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) ovigerous females in final embryonic stage were collected in mangrove forest at Iguape (São Paulo). Each female were kept in laboratory until the larvae hatching and had their carapace width (CW) measured with caliper (0.05 mm) and the larval number (LN) calculated by volumetric method. The hatching rates (HR) were calculated for each animal's size class (5 mm). The values of LN and CW obtained were subjected to regression analyses and the best fitting model was chosen by comparing the obtained determination coefficients (R²). The fertility varied from 71,200 to 220,800 larvae (147,169 ± 32,070 larvae), corresponding to 41.7 to 76.8 mm CW (63.7±7.9 mm), respectively. The relationship LNxCW was expressed by the equation LN = 284.1CW1.5º¹ (N = 58; R² = 0.74; p < 0.01), that showed a positive correlation between the variables. Most part of ovigerous females (89.7%) showed their hatching during the nightly period. A negative correlation between HR and CW was observed in these animals (p < 0.05), probably due to reduction of spermatophores in the seminal receptacle (multiparous females) or due to senility in the females with large size. The biological studies of U. cordatus are very important for practices adoption that preserve and make the rational use of this recourse in Brazilian's mangrove forests.

Use of the space by the opossum Didelphis aurita Wied-Newied, 1826 (Mammalia, Marsupialia) in a mixed forest fragment of southern Brazil. The space use of the marsupial Didelphis aurita was studied in a forest fragment of southern Brazil from February 1995 to January 1996. The method used was the 'distribution utilization' in which each trap was set in 38 x 38 m quadrats. Captures of each marked individual in each point give information on its habitat use. Food availability was searched and compared to the habitat utilization and to the food consumption of opossums. Distribution patterns of captures (aggregated to random) and spatial overlap between individuals were searched. Results showed aggregated distributions of individuals, particularly females, in the fragment. Females used exclusively the fragment during the drier season. Opossums tend to not choose the sites with highest food availability to establish home ranges. Spatial overlap was usually low between forest resident and neighbouring resident females, but much lower during the breeding season (only forest resident females) in an apparently pattern of territoriality. Hence, core areas of females decreased in size during the breeding season. Males probably searched primarily for mates during the breeding season being less opportunistic than females in feeding habits, yet their space use did not correlate to food consumption.

The gastropods Costaclis egregia (Dall, 1889), Thaleia nisonis (Dall, 1889), Tjaernoeia michaeli Engl, 2001 and the bivalves Bathyarca sp., Myonera aff. ruginosa (Jeffreys, 1882) are recorded for the first time in Brazilian waters. This paper presents a brief description of these species and also include ilustrations.

Lamprosoma alacre sp. nov. from Mato Grosso is described and illustrated. The genus Lamprosoma is redescribed and illustrations of characters are provided. The following south american species are redescribed: L. amethystinum Perty, 1832, L. azureum Germar, 1824, L. bicolor W. Kirby, 1818, L. chrysopygium Germar, 1824, L. corruscum Guérin-Méneville, 1844, L. podtiaguini Monrós, 1947 and L. triste Guérin-Méneville, 1844.

From the analysis of 230 scats, the diet of the maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815), was determined in a private natural reserve in southeastern Brazil in which ecotourism activities are developed and the animals are deliberately fed bovine meat. A total of 569 occurrences of food items were recorded, of which 56.8% were of animal origin and 29.1% of vegetal origin. Rodents, insects and birds added up to 35.8% of the occurrences, yet accounted for 68.5% of the total number of preys (277). Insects, however, had practically no importance (0.1%) in the total estimated biomass consumed. Even though the fruit Solanum lycocarpum St.-Hil. is a common food item in the diet of the maned wolf, its occurrence in the diet at the Serra do Caraça Reserve was insignificant, accounting for only 4.8% of the total number of food item occurrences and 3.4% of the total estimated biomass consumption. Food items of anthropic origin and inorganic items (e.g., plastic) represented 14.1% of all occurrences, which shows that the animals are used to the presence of humans. Seasonal variations in consumption were found for S. lycocarpum (c² = 10,09; p < 0,001), for other fruits (c² = 19,73; p < 0,001), and for reptiles (c² = 15,56; p < 0,001), all of which were more frequently eaten during the dry months. There was a significant correlation between the availability of small mammals and their consumption by the maned wolves (r s = 0.59; p = 0.041), yet the same was not observed for the fruits of S. lycocarpum (r s = 0,101; p = 0,754). Our findings stress the need for a better understanding of the effects of additional foods on the natural feeding habits of the maned wolf.

The Serra do Caraça Reserve is situated in the southern portion of the Espinhaço Mountain Range, and contains areas of "campos de altitude", "cerrado" and atlantic forest. This study had as its objective the registering of the bats species that occur in the reserve. The data collection was carried out in one year through monthly samplings, using mist nets set on trails, and also through hand capture. A total of 246 individuals were collected (0.72 bats/net-hour), distributed across 15 species, belonging to the families Phyllostomidae (83.0%; nine species), Vespertilionidae (12.5%; three species) and Molossidae (4.5%; three species). The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) (n = 121, 60.5%), Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) (n = 21, 10.5%) and Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) (n = 10, 5.0%), and less represented were Lasiurus blossevilli (Lesson y Garnot, 1826) (n = 2, 1.0%), Eumops perotis (Schinz, 1821) (n = 2, 1.0%) e Vampyressa pusilla (Wagner, 1843) (n = 1, 0.5%). The richness of species found and the non-occurrence of phyllostomines in the reserve could be indicative of some level of forest disturbance.

The Mollusca Pteropoda from Fernando de Noronha Chain Northeastern Brazil were studied in order to know their taxonomy and distribution. Collections were carried out during the I Oceanographical Expedition of the REVIZEE Program (Live Resources of the Economical Exclusive Zone) from August to September 1995. The studied area is located between 03°04'S-04°23'S and 32°19'W-36°26'W, comprising 35 stations. Sampling was performed through oblique hauls from 50m depth to surface and from 100 m depth to surface, with a Bongo net (300 and 500 µm mesh size, net diameter: 60 cm), that was equipped with a flow meter. Samples in a total of 99 were preserved, immediately, in buffered 4% formaldehyde. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the samples were performed based on total sample. The samples were analysed on a counting plate "Bogorov" type under a stereo microscope. A total of 8,258 organisms were identified belonging to: 8 families, 16 genera and 27 species. Limacina inflata (d´Orbigny, 1836) and Creseis virgula (Rang, 1828) were frequent and very frequent in the area outranking among the studied Pteropoda. The total density varied from 2.5 to 3,012.05 org.m-³. Highest richness was registered at the Continental Shelf and Slope with 1two species. The Pteropoda association showed higher differences between day and night collections. Limacina inflata caused this difference due to its higher density at night collections and it was independent of the depth, mesh size and temperature. Creseis virgula had its occurrence, mainly, during day time.

Data on nematodes of the genus Pelecitus Railliet &amp; Henry, 1910, namely P. fulicaeatrae (Diesing, 1851) López-Neyra, 1956, P. anhingae Vuylsteke, 1957, P. tubercauda Vanderburgh, Anderson &amp; Stock, 1984, P. vuylstekae (Molin, 1860) Bartlett &amp; Greiner, 1986, P. tercostatus (Molin, 1860) Railliet &amp; Henry, 1910, P. helicinus (Molin, 1860) Railliet &amp; Henry, 1910, P. circularis (Molin, 1860) Railliet &amp; Henry, 1910 and Pelecitus sp., are presented, with basis on 29 nematode samples recovered from Brazilian birds representing 13 families and 19 species that were captured between 1934-1951 in the southeastern and central regions; parasites were formerly deposited as unidentified material in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute.

The first occurrence of phyllostomid bat Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896 in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil is reported. An adult female was caught with mist net in the Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, an AtlanticForest area in West Zone of Rio de Janeiro city, in July 9th, 1996. Morphological aspects of this species are discussed. Measurements obtained for the specimen are also provided.