RCAAP Repository

The determination of morphologic variability within and between populations of phytoseiid mites is important for the precise species identification. Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma, 1970 and Euseius concordis (Chant, 1959) are phytoseiids commonly found on different crops in Brazil and other South American countries. The morphologic characterization of populations preliminarily identified as E. citrifolius and E. concordis was done through examination of 10 adult females and 10 adult males of each population and of 2 to 10 adult females and males resulting from crosses between those populations. The plant substrate and collection site of each population were: E. citrijolius: Bauhinia sp. in Arroio do Meio, Rio Grande do Sul, Coffea arabica Linnaeus in Campinas, São Paulo and Terminalia catappa Linnaeus in Petrolina, Pernambuco. E. concordis: Passiflora edulis Sims. i.flavicarpa Deg. in Arroio do Meio, Manihot esculenta (Crantz) in Jaguariúna, São Paulo, Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. in Pontes e Lacerda, Mato Grosso, T. catappa in Petrolina and C arabica in Viçosa, Minas Gerais. A comparison of the measurements of different structures of individuals of each population and of type specimens of E. citrifolius and E. concordis confirmed the preliminary identification of the populations. Significant relationships were observed between mean setal lengths and the respective ranges within each population. Females and males of E. citrifolius from Petrolina and E. concordis from Jaguariúna had some of the setae generally shorter than those of other populations of the same species. Measurements of males resulting from heterogamic crosses indicated that E. citrifolius and E. concordis reproduce by pseudo-arrhenotoky.

Saccopteryx leptura (Schreber, 1774) is reported from two new localities in southeastern Brazil, both in Atlantic forest remains in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Analysisof food material showed that individuals from both localities had preyedon insects in the order Hymenoptera. Cheek contents were available from one specimen, and in this case identification of the food item (flying ants) achieved generic level (Pheidole Westwood, 1841). Aspects in the social behavior observed in a colony suggest that the same traits documented in Central American populations (small colonies, monogamic mating system, and retention of young for up to a year in the parental unit) may also characterize this species in the southern most part of its range. In both external and craniodental selected measurements, specimens from Rio de Janeiro were close to the upper limits of the ranges known for the species.

This study investigated the effects of sublethal concentrations of the pesticide monocrotophos (organophosphate) on the agonistic behavior of two fishes species, Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 (lambari) and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nile tilapia). Sublethal concentrations of the pesticide for the two species were determined and lambari was more resistant than Nile tilapia. The sublethal concentrations were smaller than 400 mgl-1 for lambari and 20 mgl-1 for Nile tilapia. The two species were tested in grouping conditions (triads) and isolation, under monocrotophos concentrations of 200 mgl-1 for lambari and 5 mgl-1 for Nile tilapia. The concentration decreased the aggressiveness in lambari, but in Nile tilapia an opposite effect was detected. The results show a species-specific effect of the monocrotophoson aggression.

The ichthyofauna composition of the Baía da Ribeira was analyzed between December 1998 and November2001. The instruments used were an otter-trawl net, beach seines, cast net and visual census. It was registered two classes, composed by 16 orders, 59 families and 148 species. The high wealth of the region is due to the great diversity of environments and its location at the north limit of Argentine an Zoogeographic Province. The instruments diversification, the samples regions and the long sampling period were the responsables to the great numbers of collected species in comparison to some others studies at the same area.

Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is an exotic Culicidae species in Brazil. Since its first report in this country, the mosquito has been increasing its geographic distribution. This mosquito is a natural dengue and Japanese Encephalitis virus vector in Asia. The females preference for oviposition sites related with homospecific immature presence was assessed. The experiment was performed with Aedes albopictus from laboratory colony since March ]999, in the Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Veterinária, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. The preferred container was the one that kept pupae for 24 hours, with 643 eggs, 30,6% at total. The eggs recipients received 11,45% from total set by the females, and the following numbers to the others: larva 1 (15,79%), larva 2 (14,69%), pupa 1 (20,74%), pupa 2 (30,58%), control (6,75%). Although the ANOVA did not detect significant difference among the treatments, the data possibly indicate that Aedes albopictus prefer laying eggs in containers previously colonized by immature.

In this study carried out in the Biological Reserve of Poço das Antas, Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, a roost of Molossus rufus (E. Geoffroy, 1805) was sampled one night per month, from November 2000 to October, 2001. The colonies in this species can exceed more than five hundreds, being present both sexes. The total number of animals captured was higher in the spring and declined in the autumn and winter. Between April to July the proportion of males overcome the females, while in other months the females prevailed. Molossus rufus have seasonal reproduction. Females arrived by July and the number increases until November. Few animals remained in this roost during colder months. Such fact suggests that females and great part of the males leave this roof after the end of the reproduction. Pregnant females were captured between September, October, November and February. Lactating females were observed in August, October, November, December and February. Active males were observed in all months, being overcome by males with abdominal testes only in July.

Two new species of Chinaia Bruner & Metcalf, 1934 are described: Chinaia bidentata sp. nov. (Brazil, Paraná) and Chinaia rubra sp. nov. (Brazil, Amazonas). The new species can be distinguished by the aspect of the male genitalia, mainly by the shape of aedeagus and pygofer. In addition, is presented a key to males of Chinaia.

Some morphometric relationships in Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) reared in earthen ponds were studied. A total of 239 individuals were collected, sexed and sorted to juvenile or adult. Total length (Lt), post-orbital length (Lpo), carapace length (Lcp) and queliped length (Lql) were measured. The relationships Lt/Lpo, Lpo/Lcp and Lt/Lcp are the same for juveniles, males and females, indicating unchanged growth pattern during post-larval ontogenetic development. While Lt/Lpo showed isometric growth, Lpo/Lcp and Lt/Lcp showed negative allometry. On the other hand, for the Lql/Lcp relationship, juveniles showed isometric growth, females slight positive allometry and males a strong positive allometry. It suggests that the importance of chelipeds may be different in these groups. Quelipeds play important role on food capture and on agonistic, social and reproductive behavior. Therefore, inter and intraspecific interactions may change during prawn growth, even after morphological

N. ferruginea sp. nov., is described from Brazil and a key of identification of the species is presented. The new species is from Paraná (São José dos Pinhais, Jundiaí do Sul).

A study of the viability of small populations of Hymenoptera is a matter of importance to gain a better zoological, ethological, genetical and ecological knowledge of these insects, and for conservation purposes, mainly because of the consequences to the survival of colonies of many species of bees, wasps, and ants. Based on the Whiting (1943) principle, Kerr & Vencovski (1982) presented a hypothesis that states that viable populations of stingless bees (Meliponini) should have at least 40 colonies to survive. This number was later extended to 44 colonies by Kerr (1985). This would be necessary to avoid any substantial amount of homozygosis in the pair of chromosomic sexual loci, by keeping at least six different sexual gene alleles in a reproductive population. In most cases this would prevent the production of useless diploid males. However, several facts weigh against considering this as a general rule. From 1990 to 2001, 287 colony divisions were made, starting with 28 foundation colonies, in the inbreeding and population experiments with the Meliponini reported here. These experiments constitute the most extensive and longest scientific research ever made with Meliponini bees. In ten different experiments presented here, seven species (one with two subspecies) of Meliponini bees were inbred in five localities inside their wide-reaching native habitats, and in two localities far away from these habitats. This was done for several years. On the whole, the number of colonies increased and the loss of colonies over the years was small. In two of these experiments, although these populations were far (1,000 km and 1,200 km) from their native habitat, their foundation colonies were multiplied successfuly. It was possible to build up seven strong and three expanding medium populations, starting with one, two, three or even five colonies. However, in six other cases examined here, the Whiting (1943) principle and the hypothesis of Kerr & Vencovski (1982) and Kerr (1985), possibly hold up. In two other cases, the results are still unclear. Outside native habitats, most inbreeding experiments failed, possibly because of conditions that cause ecological stress. Although much more data are still needed, a new working hypothesis on the molecular level was presented to explain the results of the experiments described here. In the absence of any considerable stress, and in the eventuality of a good nutritive situation, even individual bees that are homozygous in the pair of chromosomic sexual locus would produce a sufficient amount of a sex determining substance. Therefore, the female genes of all the diploid individuals of a colony, both homozygous and heterozygous, would be activated. However, situations of considerable stress would cause a poor physiological and nutritive condition. This, together with homozygosis in the pair of chromosomic sexual locus, would lead to a smaller production of the sex determining substance. When this happens in the diploid homozygous individuals of a colony, in relation to sex, only male genes are activated. As a result, all such homozygous diploid bees of the colony become useless males. However, when there is a heterozygous situation in the chromosomic sexual locus of all bees of a colony, all diploid individuals would produce a high amount of the sex determining substance. Consequently, all diploid individuals of such a colony would become females (queens and workers). Stresses, including ecological stress, as well as the nutritive condition and the genetic situation in the chromosomic sexual loci, will have a key influence in the life and behavior of the Meliponini, including sex determination. In relation to genetic factors, hybrid vigour may often cause a greater production of biological substances. This may be due to the presence of a greater number of copies of allelic genes when there is heterozygosis. This is a hypothesis requiring further research. However, in the experiments presented here, this hypothesis seems to apply well to the production of a sex determining substance in bees (Apoidea) and other Hymenoptera.

Gills of the seawater fish Cathorops spixii (Agassiz, 1829) were submitted to routine processing for observation in scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The wrinkled surface of the gill filaments showed well-defined cellular ultrastructures. Microridges on cellular surface were projected over all gill structures, including respiratory lamellae. Chloride cells were usually at primary lamellae. Some rodlet cells were found. Mucous secretory cells were uncommon at all parts of the gill arches. The pharyngeal region of the gill arches showed a lot of taste buds but no spines. There were small and strong rakers. Such morphology is indicative of fishes that swallow small food but do not have filtering habits. At the ultrastructural level the gills of C. spixii presented the typical morphological pattern of Teleostei fishes.

Chlorotettix hamiltoni nom. nov. is proposed for Chlorotettix dentatus Zanol, 2001, preoccupied by Chlorotettix dentatus Sanders & DeLong, 1923.

Males of Euglossa mandibularis Friese, 1899 can be categorized by (1) presence or (2) absence of scutellar tuft (a morphological feature of dense setae found in females' scutellum of the genera Euglossa Latreille, 1802 and Eulaema Lepeletier, 1841). A multivariate statistical analysis using six morphological measures (hindtibia length and width, head width, intertegular span, midbasitarsus length and scape length) show that males of the categories 1 and 2 were significantly different in relation to such measures. The width head, hindtibia length and scape length were the measures that most influenced the observed differences. Levene test suggest there is not effect of stabilizing selection on males without scutellar tuft. Since there is a fluctuation in the proportion of males with scutellar tuft occurring in a single population, the observed morphological differences might be environmentally determined.

Description of the female and notes on the geographical distribution of Cladonota amazonica (Andrade, 1978) are presented.

The type localities, depositary museums, taxonomical comments and geographical occurrences of the Neotropical Xeromelissinae are given. Flowers visited and nesting habits of some species are presented. The following new combinations are proposed: Chilicola cupheae (Schrottky,1905) and Chilicola (Anoediscelis) dalmeidai (Moure, 1946). Chilicola friesella is the new name given to Chilicola friesei Herbst, 1920, the homonym resulted by thepublication of Oediscelis friesei Ducke, 1907as Chilicola (Üediscelis) friesei by Michener, 1995.

The following species is excluded from the neotropical fauna: Hesperia yva Plötz, 1886, mentioned by EVANS (1955) as Mucia yva, is an Asian species, probably a synonym of Suastus gremius (Fabricius, 1798). The following species are transferred to the neotropical region: Aurina dida EVANS, 1939, described from Sierra Leoa, Africa, and Hesperia subviridis Plötz, 1886, a species of Penicula EVANS, 1955, described from São Paulo, Brazil, was erroneously transferred by EVANS (1957) to Ceylon (=Sri Lanka). The types species of two genera are changed: Hydraenomia aberrans Draudt, 1924 is the new type of Clito EVANS, 1953, and Cantha calva EVANS, 1955 is the new type of Cantha EVANS, 1955 (ICZN, Art.70.3.2.). Popilio clito Fabricius, 1787, designated by EVANS(1953) as the type species of CLito,is a species of Milanion Godman & Salvin, 1895. Cyclopides celeus Mabille, 1891, designated by EVANS(1955) as the type species of Cantha, is a species of Vehilius Scudder, 1872. The following taxa are nom. nov.: Enosis schausi for Hesperia misera Schaus, 1902, praeocc. (Lucas, 1856); Jongiana for Surina de Jong, 1983, praeocc. (Walker, 1869 [Lepidoptera]). The following taxa is a nom. nud.: Polygonus mimeticus J. Zikán & W. Zikán, 1968. The following taxa are sp. rev.: Aethilla haber (Mabille, 1891); Clito aberrans (Draudt, 1924); Mylon maimon(Fabricius, 1775); Atalopedesflaveola (Mabille, 1891); Carystoides alda (Plötz, 1882); Chalcone briquenydan briquenydan (Weeks, 1901); Cobalopsis hazarma (Hewitson. 1877); Corticea rivula (Mabille, 1891); Enosis uza uza (Hewitson, 1877); Eutocus vetulus vetulus (Mabille, 1883); Eutychide rastaca (Schaus, 1902); Lerodea petrovna (Schaus, 1902); Paratrytrone gala (Godman, 1900); Poanes zachaeus (Plötz, 1883); Saturnus reticulata reticulata (Plötz, 1883); Virga silvanus (Hayward, 1947). The following taxa is a ssp. rev.: Polygonus leo pallida Röber, 1925. The following taxa are stat. rev.: Chioides cinereus (Mabille & Vuillot, 1891); Potamanaxas paralus (Godman & Salvin, 1895). The following taxa are stat. nov.: Sarbia soza EVANS, 1951; Polygonus savigny savigny (Latreille, [1824]); Anastrus chaqua EVANS, 1953: Chalcone briquenydan chalcone (Schaus, 1902); Cynea anthracinus holomelas (Mabille, 1891); Moeris striga menopis (Schaus, 1902); Monca telata crsipinus (Plötz, 1882). The following taxa are spp. nov.: Sarbia curitiba from Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); Pythonides nides from Brazil (Espírito Santo); Carystus ploetzi from Brazil (Pará, Amazonas) and Peru (Huánuco, Loreto). The following is a ssp. nov.: Zenis jebus beckeri from Brazil (Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, São Paulo). The following taxa are syn. nov.: Aspitha teffa EVANS, 1951 of Aspitha aspitha aspitha (Hewitson, 1866); Thymele grullus Mabille, 1888 of Astraptes latimargo latimargo (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Erycides imbreus Plötz, 1879, and Erycides spurius Mabille, 1880 of Phocides polybius lilea (Reakirt, 1867); Polygonus leo ishmael EVANS, 1952 of Polygonus leo leo (Gmelin, 1790); Polygonus manueli manueli Bell & W. Ph. Comstock, 1948 of Polygonus savigny savigny (Latreille, [1824]); Goniuris [sic] decussata Ménétriés, 1855 of Polythrix octomaculata (Sepp, [1844]); Milanion plumnus var. hemestinus Mabille & Boullet, 1917 of Milanion leucaspis (Mabille, 1878); Papilio menippus Fabricius, 1776 of Mylon maimon (Fabricius, 1775); Tagiades chacona Plötz, 1886 of Ouleus fridericus fridericus (Geyer, 1832); Ouleus matria matria EVANS, 1953 of Ouleus juxta juxta (Bell, 1934); Pythonides vecina Mabille & Boullet, 1917 of Pythonides herennius herennius Geyer, [1838]; Quadrus zolus Mielke, 1968 of Quadrus jacobus (Plötz, 1884); Cobalus nigritulus Mabille, 1883 of Anthoptus epictetus (Fabricius, 1793); Pamphila cerymicoides Burmeister, 1878, and Carystus argus Möschler, 1879 of Argon lota (Hewitson, 1877); Tigasis akuris Bell, 1942 of Arita arita (Schaus, 1902); Lerodea remea Bell, 1941 of Arita polistion (Schaus, 1902); Mnasitheus similis de Jong, 1983 of Arotis pandora (Lindsey, 1925); Atalopedes clarkei Burns, 1989 of Atalopedes flaveola (Mabille, 1891); Hesperia beda Plötz, 1886 of Callimormus rivera (Plötz, 1882); Chalcone chalcone corta EVANS, 1955 of Chalcone briquenydan briquenydan (Weeks, 1901); Augiades anita Schaus, 1902 of Chalcone tania (Schaus, 1902); Cobalus zetus Bell, 1942 of Cobalopsis nero (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Megistias sancoya Schaus, 1902 of Cobalopsis hazarma (Hewitson, 1877); Megistias vegrandis Hayward, 1934 of Cobalopsis miaba (Schaus, 1902); Ancyloxypha melanoneura orientalis Hayward, 1967 of Copaeodes jean favor EVANS, 1955; Lento muska EVANS, 1955 of Corticea mendica schwarzi (Bell, 1941); Megistias vanilia Schaus, 1902 of Cymaenes perloides (Plötz, 1882); Eutychide astiga Schaus, 1902 of Cymaenes tripunctata tripunctata (Latreille, [1824]); Rhinthon luctatius Schaus, 1913 of Cynea anthracinus holomelas (Mabille, 1891); Rhinthon bomax Schaus, 1902 of Cynea bistrigula (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Cynea conta Mielke, 1968 of Cynea robba nippa EVANS, 1955; Pamphila agassus Mabille, 1891 of Enosis uza uza (Hewitson, 1877); Amblyscirtes insulae-pinorum [sic] Holland, 1916 of Euphyes cornelius cornelius (Latreille, [1824]); Eutocus matildae vinda EVANS, 1955, and Vehilius vetustus Mielke, 1968 of Eutocus vetulus vetulus (Mabille, 1883); Eutychide angus EVANS, 1955 of Eutychide rastaca (Schaus, 1902); Stomyles gallio Mabille, 1904 of Gallio carasta (Schaus, 1902); Eutychide candallariae Strand, 1921 of Halotus angellus (Plötz, 1886); Lerodea tesera Schaus, 1902 of Lerodea erythrostictus (Prittwitz, 1868); Pamphila fasciata Möschler, ?-1877 of Metron zimra (Hewitson, I-1877); Perimeles stollmeyeri Bell, 1932 of Mnasicles hicetaon Godrnan, 1901; Vehilius norma Dyar, 1917 of Mnasilus allubita (Butler, 1877); Phlebodes silviculirix Hayward, 1934 of Moeris striga menopis (Schaus, 1902); Molo menta menta EVANS, 1955 of Molo calcarea calcarea (Schaus, 1902); Molo petra EVANS, 1955 of Molo visendus (Bell, 1942); Cyclopides metius Mabille, 1891 of Monca telata telata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Hesperia tyrtaeus Plötz, XI-1882 of Monca telata crispinus (Plötz, V-1882); Hesperia leucopogon Plötz, 1882 of Morys compta compta (Butler, 1877); Hesperia yva Plötz, 1886 of Suastus gremius (Fabricius, 1798); Cymaenes geijskesi de Jong, 1983 of Nastra chao (Mabille, 1898); Lerodea unipunctata Hayward, 1934, and Lerodea uniformis Hayward, 1939 of Nastra incomptus (Hayward, 1934); Lerodea hoffmanni Bell, 1947 of Nastra julia (Freernan, 1945); Rhinthon cubana australis Mielke, 1970 of Neoxeniades braesia andricus (Mabille, 1895); Hesperia ulrica Plötz, 1882 of Niconiades merenda (Mabille, 1878); Hesperia senex Plötz, 1882 of Panoquina peraea (Hewitson, 1866); Lerodea unicolor Hayward, 1938, and Lerodea modesta Hayward, 1939 of Papias phainis Godman, 1900; Hesperia infuscata Plötz, 1882, and Pamphila integra Mabille, 1891 of Papias subcostulata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1870); Paratrytone miahua Steinhauser, 1996 of Librita raspa EVANS, 1955; Parphorus nemorus Bell, 1941, and Tigasis altona EVANS, 1955 of Parphorus fartuga (Schaus, 1902); Peba striata Mielke, 1968 of Peba verames (Schaus, 1902); Pheraeus manes Steinhauser, 1991 of Pheraeus unia (Butler, 1870); Euroto schmithi Bell, 1940 of Phlebodes sameda (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Pamphila rolla Mabille, 1883, and Pamphila lagon Mabille, 1891 of Poanes zachaeus (Plötz, 1883); Pamphila crassinota Mabille, 1898 of Pamphila amblyspila (Mabille, 1898); Rhinthon proximus Bell, 1934, and Synapte infusco Nicolay, 1980 of Propapias sipariana (Kaye, 1925); Psoralis ravus EVANS, 1955 of Psoralis coyana (Schaus, 1902); Mellana myron verba EVANS, 1955 of Quasimellana servilius (Möschler, 1883); Papilio atiopides Larrañaga, 1923 of Quinta cannae (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Proteides chiriquensis Mabille, 1889, p. 239 (nec p. 157) of Rhinthon cubana osca (Plötz, 1882); Styrioides [sic] quaka EVANS, 1955 of Styriodes dedecora (Plötz, 1882); Enosis inframaculata Strand, 1921 of Styriodes quadrinotata (Mabille, 1889); Thespieus cacajo Dyar, 1913 of Thespieus macareus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Thespieus paula EVANS, 1955 of Thespieus tapayuna EVANS, 1955; Molo stygia EVANS, 1955 of Turesis complanula (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869); Pyrrhopyge maravilha Foetterle, 1902 of Turmada camposa (Plötz, 1886); Vehilius almoneus Schaus, 1902, and Vehilius vetus oiticicai Mielke, 1973 of Vehilius celeus celeus (Mabille, 1883); Lerodea chinta Schaus, 1902, and Lerodea mocoreta Hayward, 1939 of vehilius inca (Scudder, 1872); Virga phola EVANS, 1955, and Virga eliasi Mielke, 1968 of Virga silvanus (Hayward, 1947); Pamphila helva Möschler, 1877 of Wallengrenia otho clavus (Erichson, [1849]); Atrytone chingachgook Weeks, 1909 of Wallengrenia premnas (Wallengren, 1860); Copaeodes chromis Skinner, 1919 of Zariaspes mythecus Godman, 1900; Hesperia melaleuca Plötz, 1882 of Zenis minos (Latreille, [1824]). The following taxa are comb. nov.: Jemadia gnetus brevipennis Schaus, 1902; Polygonus savigny punctus Bell & W. Ph. Comstock, 1948; Heliopyrgus domicella margarita (Bell, 1937); Milanion clito (Fabricius, 1787); Quadrus jacobus (Plötz, 1884); Argon lota (Hewitson, 1877); Callimormus rivera (Plötz, 1882); Chalcone briquenydan briquenydan (Weeks, 1901); Chalcone briquenydan chalcone (Schaus,1902); Chalcone briquenydan australis Mielke, 1980; Cobalopsis hazarma (Hewitson, 1877); Corticea rivula (Mabille, 1891); Cynea anthracinus holomelas (Mabille, 1891); Damas horridus (Bell, 1940); Enosis uza uza (Hewitson, 1877); Enosis uza pruinosa (Plötz, 1882); Eutocus vetulus vetulus (Mabille, 1883); Eutocus vetulus matildae (Hayward, 1941); Gallio carasta (Schaus, 1902); Jongiana unica (de Jong, 1983); Moeris striga menopis (Schaus, 1902); Molo calcarea calcarea (Schaus, 1902); Molo calcarea penda EVANS, 1955; Molo visendus (Bell, 1942); Monca telata crispinus (Plötz, 1882); Nastra incomptus (Hayward, 1934); Paratrytone gala (Godman, 1900); Penicula subviridis (Plötz, 1886); Psoralis coyana (Schaus, 1902); Quasimellana servilius (Möschler, 1883); Saturnus reticulata conspicuus (Bell, 1941); Saturnus reticulata obscurus (Bell, 1941); Saturnus reticulata suffusus (Hayward, 1940); Saturnus reticulata tiberius (Möschler, 1883); Styriodes dedecora (Plötz, 1882); Vehilius celeus celeus (Mabille, 1891); Vehilius celeus ochraceus Biezanko & Mielke, 1983; Vehillus celeus vetus Mielke, 1969. The following taxa is a comb. rev.: Mimoniades baroni (Godman & Salvin, 1893). Lectotypes for the following taxa are designated: Pyrrhopyga [sic] oneka Hewitson, 1866; Eudamus latimargo Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Erycides imbreus Plötz, 1879; Papilio amyntas Fabricius, 1775; Hesperia savigny Latreille, [1824]); Papilio clito Fabricius, 1787; Pythonides leucaspis Mabille, 1878; Milonion pilumnus var. hemestinus Mabille & Boullet, 1917; Papilio maimon Fabricius, 1775; Tagiades chacona Plötz, 1886; Tagiades jacobus Plötz, 1884; Hesperia epictetus Fabricius, 1793; Cobalus nigritulus Mabille, 1883; Hesperia lota Hewitson, 1877; Pamphila cerymicoides Burmeister, 1878; Pamphila flaveola Mabille, 1891; Hesperia beda Plötz, 1886; Pamphila briquenydan Weeks, 1901; Hesperia hazarma Hewitson, 1877; Pamphila rivula Mabille, 1891; Hesperia tripunctata Latreille, [1824]; Pamphila holomelas Mabille, 1891; Rhinthon luctatius Schaus, 1913; Hesperia uza Hewitson, 1877; Pamphila agassus Mabille, 1891; Amblyscirtes insulae-pinorum [sic] Holland, 1916; Cobalus vetulus Mabille, 1883; Hesperia angellus Plötz, 1886; Mnasicles hicetaon Godman, 1901; Pamphila allubita Butler, 1877; Padraona calcarea Schaus, 1902; Cyclopides metius Mabille, 1891; Hesperia tyrtaeus Plötz, 1882; Pamphila morys Butler, 1877; Hesperia leucopogon Plötz, 1882; Pamphila chao Mabille, 1898; Proteides andricus Mabille, 1895; Proteides merenda Mabille, 1878; Hesperia peraea Hewitson, 1866; Hesperia lucas Fabricius, 1793; Goniloba sylvicola Herrich-Schäffer, 1865; Papias phainis Godman, 1900; Hesperia infuscata Plötz, 1882; Pamphila integra Mabille, 1891; Hesperia subviridis Plötz, 1886; Phlebodes unia Butler, 1870; Cobalus sameda Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Pamphila lagon Mabille, 1891; Pamphila crassinota Mabille, 1898; Cymaenes sipariana Kaye, 1925; Cobalus cannae Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Hesperia dedecora Plötz, 1882; Goniloba macareus Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Thespieus cacajo Dyar, 1913; Hesperia camposa Plötz, 1886; Pyrrhopyge maravilha Foetterle, 1902; Cyclopides celeus Mabille, 1891; Lerodea inca Scudder, 1872; Hesperia clavus Erichson, [1849]; Pamphila helva Möschler, 1877; Hesperia premnas Wallengren, 1860; Atrytone chingachgook Weeks, 1909; Zariaspes mythecus Godman, 1900; Hesperia minas Latreille, [1824]; Hesperia melaleuca Plötz, 1882. Neotypes for the following taxa are designated: Polygonus lividus Hübner, [1825], and Papilio atiopides Larrañaga, 1923. The designated Lectotype of Aguna albistria leucogramma (Mabille, 1888) by AUSTIN & MIELKE (1998) is invalid.

Species of batflies of bats from Amazonas and Pará, Brazil are reported. Eleven species of Streblidae and three of Nycteribiidae were found on nine species of bats, belonging to seven genera. Pseudostrebla greenwelli Wenzel, 1996, Trichobius affinis Wenzel, 1976, Trichobius silvicolae Wenzel, 1976, and Hershkovitzia inaequalis Theodor, 1967 were collected for the first time in Brazil. Strebla consocia Wenzel, 1966, Strebla galindoi Wenzel, 1966, Trichobius dugesioides phyllostomus Guerrero, 1998, and Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966 are new records for state of Amazonas. Noctiliostrebla maai Wenzel, 1966, Basilia dubia Guimarães & D'Andretta, 1956, and Basilia ferruginea Miranda Ribeiro, 1903 are new records for state of Pará.

Seasonal fluctuations and depth distribution of the vagile macrofauna associated with Sargassum cymosum at Lazaro beach, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, were evaluated through density comparison of higher taxonomic groups among three depth intervals in four periods of the year. Ten groups were identified and among them gammarid and caprellid amphipods were numerically dominant in all sampling periods and did not show any consistent zonation trend. Gastropods, polychaetes and ophiuroids ocurred in lower densities and tended to dominate as depth increased, Wet weight algae variation did not explain the observed spatial and temporal patterns. Biotic interactions, recruitment and environmental parameters are probably involved in seasonal density variation of the faunal groups studied but it was evident that the depth gradient play an important role in vagile macrofauna vertical distribution.

The trap-nesting bees of Guaribas Biological Reserve were studied during one year. Three areas with different vegetation types were sampled, open savanas, closed forest, and a mosaic of these two types. Twelve species of trap-nesting bees were observed, four of which are parasites. The most abundant species were Centris tarsata (Smith, 1879), C. analis (Fabricius, 1804), Tetrapedia diversipes KJug, 1810, and Mesocheira bicolor (Fabricius, 1804). Nesting of Centris tarsata and Mesocheira bicolor occurred mainly during the dry season, while Centris analis and Tetrapedia diversipes did not show any seasonal preferences. Mesocheira bicolar occurred only in the nests of C. tarsata, parasitizing more than 50% of the nests and representing 23.2% of the individuais emerged in the host nests. The mosaic area yielded a greater abundance and diversity. Comparing the sampling methods of trap-nests and entomological nets, conducted simultaneously in the same area, in relation to diversity of trap nesting bees, it was observed a great similarity in terrns of composition and differences of abundance in species sampled. Some hypothesis are discussed to explain a reason for the greater diversity and abundance of the mosaic area in relation to the other areas.

A study about species composition, relative abundance, densities, size composition, reproductive and recruiting periods, sex proportion and species diversity of the decapod populations associated to worm reefs of P. caudata (Kröyer, 1856) was carried out. Monthly, samples of worm reef were obtained from August/1997 to July/1998 from Caiobá Beach, Matinhos (25º51 'S and 48º32'W), Paraná State, southern Brazil. Air temperature oscillated from 14.5ºC (July) to 31.0ºC (February), surface water from 18.0ºC (July) to 28.0ºC (January and February), and the salinity from 22%0 (February) to 34%0 (September). Eigth decapod species were found: Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850); Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850); Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857; Eurypanopeus abbreviatus (Stimpson, 1860); Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859; Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879; Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781); and Alpheus heterochaelis Say, 1818. The total density varied from 1.66 ind./l (September) to 33.93 ind./l (January). Petrolisthes armatus was the most numerous species. Six species were constant, one was accessory, and another accidental. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was the lowest when compared with other similar habitats. Ovigerous females occurred in six species, but no species showed continuous breeding all year round. The majority of the associated decapods were smaller than those reported in the literature.