RCAAP Repository

The chronic renal disease is considered a progressive pathology and an important public health problem. In Brazil, the number of patients undergoing any of the different dialysis modalities keeps growing. During the dialysis sessions, countless complications may occur, such as arterial hypotension, which occurs in 25% of the sessions. This study was aimed to screen the representation by gender within the chronic renal disease patient population with hypotension episodes during hemodialysis. The study was carried out between March and May 2009, using a descriptive, exploratory, quantitative and qualitative methodology based on the Social Representation Theory. The study was done at a hemodialysis clinic in the City of Fortaleza serving the state-run health service (SUS), over a population of 50 chronic renal patients suffering from arterial hypotension episodes during dialysis. Data were obtained from the patients´ clinical history by a multi-method approach, a free association of words with inducing stimuli, narrative interviews and collages. Data obtained from the clinical histories and from the free association of words were organized in Excel spreadsheets, while the qualitative data, i.e. the interview and collage, were organized by narrative lines (Spink) and the expression technique, respectively. All legal and ethics norms were followed pursuant to Resolution 196/96, which regulates the research on human beings. The results show a dominance of women, an age range of over 60 years, illiterate, married, catholic, retired, patients with a family income of about one minimum wage, residents of the capital city, mainly with HAS and DM as the cause for dialysis. They evoked 200 words, chosen regarding the central core and periphery. 30 patients were interviewed and were classified in 7 categories. Finally, 45 patients used the collage and were classified into 13 categories. We noticed that the social representations are more pessimistic and negative in men. They associated AH to sweating, fear, bad sight and death, and reported that after the initiation of treatment the limitations imposed by the illness made their daily life more difficult. They also reported changes in previously developed activities and associated the illness limitations to a lack of freedom, prison and fire. The social representations of women were expressed in a more cautious and sentimental way. They associated AH to sweating, fear, bad sight and pain. They reported positive attitudes, dealt well with the condition, and mentioned religious aspects and future plans as tools to face and overcome the illness. Shared images related to the difficulties related to the new dietary habits were common, yet highlighting their ability to come to terms with it. We concluded that many things can be done for chronic renal patients as well as for the professionals taking care of them. By knowing the particularities of each individual, it would be possible to apply healthcare promotion principles aimed to improve the patients´ quality of life.

Adolescence is characterized by the need of knowing more about themselves and the world, with special reference to sexuality and sex. However, this sexual experimentation is related to the social and cultural environment in which these adolescents are inserted. So, being the habit of watching soap operas a cultural and social habit presented by adolescents, we can assume that soap operas can influence the sexual behavior of adolescents. Thus, the objective was to investigate the influence of soap operas in the sexual behavior of adolescents concerning the vulnerability to HIV infection. This is a case-control study of quantitative approach carried out in seven high schools from the public state net of Fortaleza-CE. The study population was composed of male adolescents who were regularly enrolled in these high schools. The sample was selected through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria on the use of condoms during sexual intercourse. We used the matching method for each case and control groups with 67 male adolescents with age equivalents. Two questionnaires were applied for data collection, from August to November 2010. For data analysis we used the SPSS version 16.0. The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee under protocol Nº. 71/10 and the free and informed consent was applied before the questionnaires. Adolescents had a mean age of 16.79 years, single, studying in the 2nd year of high school, no job, family income up to three minimum wages. 45 adolescents in the case group were living with up to two people working, while 49 in the control group lived more than two people working (p=0.061). Adolescents of both groups started their sex life, on average, at 14.44 years old (p=0.847). Three teenagers in the case group were "dating" the current sexual partner compared to 11 in the control group, and 20 adolescents had a girlfriend in the case group compared to 26 in the control group (p=0.651). Five teenagers in the case group presented more than one sexual partner in comparison to 10 in the other group (p=0.025). The reasons curiosity (p=0.038) and attraction (p=0.038) were the ones that most encouraged the teenagers to begin their sexual life. Teenagers in the control group (38) watched more soap operas from Rede Globo than the case group (27) (p=0.057). The soap opera "Malhação" was the most watched by adolescents in the control group (19) than in the case group (9) (p=0.034). 15 adolescents in the control group compared to the five in the case group showed that the soap opera influenced their sexual behavior (p=0.062). It was concluded that although teenagers present the same socioeconomic level and go the same type of school, the soap opera contributed to the practice by adolescents in the control group of the following risk behaviors: having more than one sexual partner, not use condoms in all sexual intercourse with girlfriends and "dates", which increased their vulnerability to HIV infection.

A assistência de enfermagem à criança portadora de cardiopatia congênita com ênfase na investigação de dados antropométricos é recomendada precocemente, pois significantes atrasos no peso e comprimento devido ao comprometimento hemodinâmico relacionam-se intimamente aos problemas nutricionais. Buscou-se avaliar o estado nutricional de crianças menores de 2 anos de idade, portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas, mediante estudo antropométrico, caracterizar os dados sociodemográficos, história alimentar e antecedentes perinatais, analisar os percentis e escore Z de peso/comprimento, peso/idade, comprimento/idade, circunferência braquial, índice de massa corporal/idade e verificar os preditores de alteração dos parâmetros antropométricos, dos percentis e escore Z nessas crianças. Estudo transversal e observacional desenvolvido em duas instituições de saúde ambulatorial e hospitalar, referências em doenças cardíacas. A coleta de dados ocorreu de janeiro a junho de 2009, utilizando formulário estruturado em dados: identificação da criança, sociodemográficos, antecedentes perinatais, diagnóstico patológico, registro alimentar atual e medidas antropométricas. Respeitaram-se todos os aspectos éticos e avaliaram-se 132 crianças predominantemente de Fortaleza-CE, do sexo masculino, com mediana de idade até 8,5 meses e portadoras de cardiopatias congênitas acianóticas, tipo comunicação interatrial, em acompanhamento ambulatorial, no período pré-operatório. Conforme os achados, a maioria de crianças era desprovida financeiramente; as mães haviam cursado até nove anos de estudo, restritas às atividades do lar, e dividiam com os companheiros os cuidados do filho. A maior parte das crianças consumia fórmulas lácteas infantis acrescentadas de complementos alimentares. Segundo os antecedentes perinatais, evidenciaram-se mães com até dois filhos e aproximadamente 27 anos de idade no nascimento do filho cardiopata, alimentação adequada durante o período gestacional, assinalado por intercorrências: infecções do trato urinário, sangramentos transvaginais, dores, ameaça de aborto, hiperêmese gravídica, hipertensão arterial, rubéola, anemia ferropriva, diabetes gestacional, anorexia e edema. Metade das mães realizou até seis consultas de pré-natal. Grande parcela das crianças nasceu de parto cesáreo e foi classificada como RN a termo, com elevados escores de Apgar. Com referência à antropometria, tiveram valores de peso e comprimento adequados ao nascer e outras medidas obtidas no momento do estudo consideradas dentro do padrão de normalidade. Os percentis e escores Z predominantes no estudo concentraram-se dentro da faixa de normalidade nutricional. No entanto, os valores de escores Z apresentaram variações negativas com desvio para a esquerda, portanto, mesmo incluídas na faixa nutricional adequada, as crianças estão em risco iminente de desenvolver alterações nutricionais e seus valores de escores Z ainda são discrepantes em relação às crianças sadias. Na análise de fatores preditores, a ocorrência de desnutrição imediata e desnutrição aguda está relacionada à diminuição do valor da prega cutânea subescapular e a ocorrência de desnutrição imediata refere-se ao elevado escore de Apgar no primeiro minuto. Além disso, a desnutrição crônica relacionou-se às crianças do sexo feminino com idades maiores. Por fim, em face da magnitude do defeito cardíaco e sua profunda repercussão no estado nutricional da criança, estudos podem aperfeiçoar o conhecimento do enfermeiro e subsidiar o acompanhamento do crescimento que possibilite melhor prognóstico dessas crianças em diferentes contextos da saúde.

Based on quarterly data for the period 1994.1-2005.3 of the 74 main types of stocks negotiated in Brazil, and making use of stochastic factor estimation technique proposed by AIF(2005) it was aimed to estimate the return rate for what would be a risk free rate in Brazil. The estimates obtained from the stochastic discount factor estimation shown to be very consistent with tests of assets pricing, even for those non-sampled points. Moreover, was veri ed a correlation of 0,69 between the estimated return risk free rate and the SELIC rate. In spite of such strong relationship, the rate obtained from the estimador proposed by AIF (2005) was below that of SELIC, although the decreasing pattern of gap between those rates allows supporting the argument that the stability of brazilian economy, and the correspondent reduction in the so called Brazil risk contributed with the spread paid for by the country. Nonetheless, given the relationship between the stochastic factor estimation and the marginal tax of substitution over time stated by modern theory of assets pricing, the high values attached for the rates free from risk still allow inferring that the overvalued interest rates in the brazilian market reveals the investors behavior in the national nancial market.

Na maioria dos países, em todo o mundo, os sistemas previdenciários baseados nos regimes de repartição simples apresentam dificuldades de financiamento, motivados principalmente pela modificação da composição etária da população. No Brasil, o déficit fiscal do governo vem sendo pressionado nos últimos anos pelo peso dos inativos no orçamento dos governos. A implementação de reformas em direção a sistemas privados de aposentadoria tem sido um dos caminhos perseguidos pelos países, na América Latina, nesses últimos anos. Um dos elementos importantes que motivam estas reformas é a possibilidade de geração de poupança interna que estas economias passam a apresentar quando da reforma desses sistemas. Este artigo discute como os sistemas previdenciários podem afetar a atividade econômica em termos de acumulação de capital, distorção no mercado de trabalho e seus efeitos sobre o bem-estar dos indivíduos de diversas gerações.

SCHAUMANN, Gustavo Pucci. Gestão da qualidade e sua relação com a satisfação e o comprometimento no trabalho de servidores técnico-administrativos. 2010. 144f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2010.

CHAVES, Hamilton Viana. Estratégias de mediação e construção compartilhada de conhecimentos entre surdos. 2006. 129 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2006.

Os enfermeiros têm responsabilidade específica, junto aos pacientes com riscos de lesão de pele, pois são eles que, em diversas situações, iniciam e controlam o cuidado da ferida. De forma particular, as úlceras venosas são lesões crônicas que acarretam prejuízos significativos. Assim, a Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem (NOC) pode ser um instrumento relevante, a fim de avaliar o estado de saúde referente aos aspectos da pele e circulação em pacientes com esta alteração. O estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o estado de saúde referente à integridade e perfusão tissular dos membros inferiores de portadores de úlceras venosas com base nos indicadores da NOC. O estudo é transversal exploratório e descritivo. A população constituiu-se de pacientes com úlceras venosas e a amostra obteve 49 indivíduos. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio de um formulário fechado e exame físico, em um ambulatório situado na região metropolitana em Maracanaú.- CE. Todos os itens do instrumento foram descritos baseados na NOC e literatura. Utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS versão 13.0, para armazenamento e avaliação dos dados. O projeto obedeceu aos aspectos da Resolução196/96. Os achados da amostra mostraram predominância do sexo feminino com idade acima de 60 anos. A maioria dos participantes eram aposentados ou pensionistas e viviam com companheiros. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica assumiu destaque entre as demais co-morbidades. O índice tornozelo-braquial, de forma geral, assumiu um valor normal; 75% dos sujeitos eram obesos. As caracteristicas mais presentes das úlceras venosas foram bordas irregulares, exsudato seroso e em pouca quantidade, tecido de granulação e extensa área da ferida. A geléia de metronidazol foi muito utilizada nos curativos. Entre os indicadores operacionais que mostraram-se mais comprometidos estão crescimento de pêlos e edema periférico. Os Resultados de Enfermagem Integridade e Perfusão Tissular apresentaram moderado comprometimento. A variável idade mostrou ter relação inversa com a Integridade Tissular. Evidenciou-se que a presença de doença cardíaca exerce influência sobre o resultado integridade tissular, assim como a presença da hipertensão arterial sistêmica interfere negativamente na perfusão tissular. A variável pressão arterial diastólica mostrou correlação negativa com o resultado perfusão tissular. Foi possível desenvolver parâmetros de classificação para os indicadores propostos pela NOC e verificar sua aplicabilidade. Um instrumento clínico com termos claros e bem definidos pode ser um guia para dispor eficazmente os recursos físicos e humanos.

The performance of the nurse in the consultations to carriers of hypertension, carrying through specific actions and systemize interventions, has increasing importance because, not rare, the customer lacks of interventions that run away from the ability of one alone professional. It was had as objective to identify registered interventions of nursing in handbooks of taken care of carriers of hypertension in a reference service; to detect the frequency of the register of the interventions; to analyze, on the basis of the Plan of Reorganization of the attention to the Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (2001) and in the Brazilian Lines of direction of Hypertension (2006), the interventions with a frequency equal or bigger the five times in the registers; e to mapear the found interventions, according to International Classification for Nursing Pratice, version 1.0. It was carried through in the city of Fortaleza, in a unit of health of reference in hypertension and diabetes mellitus, for the state Ceará. Universe consisting of 3.606 registered in cadastre handbooks of July of 2003 the July of 2005, in a total of 704 handbooks with register of the diagnosis of hypertension. Amongst these, 175 handbooks had taken care of to the inclusion criteria: to be handbook of carrying patient of the diagnosis of arterial or primary hypertension, without other disease, as neoplasias, hematology, neuro-psychiatric, bones, metabolic and renals illnesses; to be registered in cadastre, and in validity since July of 2003; independent of sex and age and, to have register of, at least, a nursing consultation. The data had been collected in handbooks for the analysis of the registers of the carried through consultations of nursing of December of 2005 the February of 2006. A form was used that had as axle the questions necessary to reach the considered objectives. In 175 handbooks, it had register of 259 consultations of nursing (average: 1,48). In all had registers of interventions, in a total of 10 actions of nursing and 972 registers of interventions, with a average of 3,7 interventions for consultation. The actions presented had been: to verify (819), to guide (71), to direct (65), to teach (7), to keep (5), to stimulate (1), to acquire knowledge (1), to prevent (1), to request (1) and to watch (1). In the action to verify interventions had been distinguished that had occurred with a frequency equal or bigger the five times: blood pressure (257), weight (217), glicemy (212), height (86); following itself for the referring interventions to direct: cardiologist (18), dentist (12), nutrition (10), ophthalmologist (8) and nephrologist (7) and to guide: to diminish weight (9), diet (8), orientation (5); to keep: cares (5). It was observed that the registered intervention more registered was verification of the arterial pressure (257), however it being characterized as a specific action and essential in the consultation of nursing to the carrier of hypertension, it was not presented in all consultations. This fact seems to indicate, the occurrence of sub-registers for the nurses, what it represents damage for the systematic evaluation of the customer and accompaniment of the effectiveness of its therapeutical one. One concludes that the analysis of registers of nursing consultations made possible to identify to interventions and action of nursing parallel with the interventions related in ICNP 1. However, sub-registers can be occurring, making with that the quantitative one of interventions is inferior to that face to the specific of the analyzed consultations could expect.

Como gerente de Enfermagem, vivenciando a realidade da sala de recuperação pós-anestésica e unidade de terapia intensiva pós-operatória, percebeu-se que as condições de trabalho são geradoras de sofrimento físico e psíquico. O cuidado de Enfermagem, em dois setores, com características diferentes, requer conhecimento para desenvolvimento de habilidades, atitudes e perfil de competência profissional, exigências para atuar na alta complexidade. Objetivou-se analisar sentimentos e reações dos profissionais de Enfermagem no trabalho; identificar fatores relacionados ao trabalho que influenciam na saúde física e mental dos profissionais de Enfermagem; identificar fatores relacionados ao ambiente que influenciam no desempenho profissional e proporcionar espaço para verbalização dos sentimentos e reações dos profissionais de Enfermagem no trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de caráter qualitativo, com referencial teórico à luz de estudiosos como Dejours (2007), Lunardi Filho et al. (2001). Foi realizado no período de julho a setembro de 2008, em um hospital público na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará - Brasil. Participaram do estudo dez enfermeiras e 12 técnicos de Enfermagem. Os critérios de inclusão foram: profissionais de Enfermagem cujas escalas de serviço coincidiram com a coleta de dados e aqueles que aceitaram participar. Foram considerados como critérios de exclusão: profissionais que estivessem de licenças prolongadas e férias. Obedecendo a Resolução, 196/96 que trata das pesquisas em seres humanos, o projeto foi encaminhado ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição e submetido à aprovação, sob Protocolo nº. 037.06.08. Todos os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os instrumentos de coleta das informações utilizados foram entrevistas individuais, com roteiro semiestruturado e encontros grupais. As informações apreendidas nas entrevistas individuais foram categorizadas em - Significado do trabalho na SRPA e UTI pós-operatória; Fatores que influenciam na saúde física e mental dos profissionais de Enfermagem; e Fatores relacionados ao ambiente que influenciam no desempenho profissional. Em todos os encontros grupais foi realizada a pergunta norteadora: Como você está se sentindo? As respostas que emergiram foram categorizadas em sofrimento físico, sofrimento psíquico dos profissionais de Enfermagem e estratégias defensivas utilizadas pelos profissionais de Enfermagem, sendo analisadas à luz da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1977). O estudo demonstrou a importância da valorização dos profissionais de Enfermagem, alertando aos gestores para as estratégias defensivas contra o adoecimento físico e psíquico no trabalho. Além de sensibilizar o profissional para o cuidado a si mesmo, pois ao se cuidar, poderá cuidar melhor do outro. Consideramos, neste estudo, que os momentos de paradas, durante a jornada de trabalho, reduziram o sofrimento das pessoas que compartilharam reações e sentimentos. Os encontros grupais permitiram momentos de reflexão, integração e relaxamento para os profissionais de Enfermagem.

SILVA, Gelson Aguiar

The familiar cuidador of the aged dependent very starts to be focus of the attention in health recently. It was objectified, in this study to know the abilities and abilities developed for the nurse in the attendance to the familiar cuidador of the aged dependent in the domicile. To take care of adequately of these patients also demands deep preparation scientific technician of the professionals who carry through visits domiciliary the aged dependents, as well as planning of educative interventions, medicaments accomplishment of procedures and treatments. This diversification comes generating reflections and questionings between the professionals whom they visit and they take care of aged in domiciles. What one searchs in this study is, from the social reality of the nurses who work with assistance, internment and domiciliary visit. To know the construction of the care excused to aged and its cuidador. The work, in function of its objective and intention implies the use of methodology of qualitative cut. The population of the study consisted of integrant nurses of the Strategy Health of Family (ESF), of the Program of Domiciliary Attendance (PAD) and Home Care. For 8 (eight) nurses of ESF and 8 (eight) of the too much public and private institutions had been in such a way chosen totalizing 16 nurses. For collection of data associate to an individual interview opted itself to the technique of Focal Groupe (GF) as complementary instrument. Amongst the qualitative techniques, we opt to the Speech of Collective Citizen (DSC) gotten through the analysis of the interviews carried through with nurses citizens of the research according to LEFÉVRE and LEFÉVRE, to believing to be this the best option for the considered study. The ideas central offices had been: it guides and it trains on the care with the aged one, the cuidador as nursing technology, the cuidador is not important, the cuidador is not focus of the attention, the family guided in the care to the aged one, the cuidador needs more than well-taken care of that the proper sick person, the cuidador is also aged, does not exist availability of time for assistance to the cuidador, the assistance is given in accordance with to the complaints and necessity of qualification for a quality assistance. The content of the speeches does not leave doubts of that it has necessity of get up the actions of nursing based in scientific knowledge, rules and creation of instruments domiciliary assistance in the public institutions. Initiating for the ESF, that will work in concurrence with the Program of Domiciliary Internment (PID) implanted in the hospital institutions of the municipal and state public nets.

Exclusive to The Lactation Amenorrhea (LAM) is a contraceptive method (MAC) natural, with efficiency of 98% by the sixth month of life. Currently, promotion of MAC is available in the country carried out by teams of the Family Health Program (FHP), particularly by nurses, who must do it in neutral, respecting the free choice of users. The aim of this study was to analyze knowledge and performance of nurses of the PSF on the LAM. The specific objectives were: To identify personal experiences of nurses (parents or mothers) in relation to breastfeeding and LAM; To assess knowledge and confidence of nurses related to LAM; To identify promotion of LAM by the perception of nurses and how the acceptance of LAM by the customer; To know opportunities and strategies used by nurses to promote LAM; To show results of the practice of nurses with respect to the monitoring of users of LAM. It was a field study, cross, held from February to July 2008, the Regional Executive Secretariats (SER) I, III, IV and V of Fortaleza-CE, with 137 nurses. Data collection occurred in the Basic Health Units using the interview. There were the nurses, accounting for 121 (88.3%) participants, who had a mean age of 35.1 years. Slightly more than half, 70 (51.1%) reported having children, and of those, 61 (92.4%) reported having experienced exclusive breastfeeding, which had an average of 4.38 months. However, only 12 (19.6%) nurses said they had adopted the LAM, even considering its practicality and its benefits. Only 2 (1.5%) nurses know how to LAM contraceptive option. As the self-assessment of knowledge on the subject, 34 (24.8%) nurses rated their knowledge as excellent or good, 80 (58.4%) good, 20 (14.6%) as regular and 3 (2, 2%) inadequate. Most, 88 (64.2%), know the effectiveness of LAM and only 5 (3.7%) reported the efficacy correct. Even with 65 (47.4%) of nurses discrediting the effectiveness of LAM and only 19 (13.9%) being knowledgeable of the three requirements for optimal operation of the method, 112 (81.8%) said guide for women on the use of it. The acceptance of women occurs in part, to the extent that seeking complementary method to continue use of LAM. The guidance is provided by nurses at different times, related to the pregnancy-puerperal period (prenatal, postpartum and child care) and outside, in the consultations for family planning and, in most cases, adopted the individual approach. The students, 59 (52.7%) nurses accompanied users of LAM. The average time of use by customers is 3 to 4 months, and the return to work and the introduction of other foods to the infant diet the main reasons for discontinuation of LAM. The oral combination was the MAC of succession of LAM. It is therefore the need to improve knowledge of nurses of the PSF over the area of care, since in such circumstances the promotion of LAM is compromised, affecting the adherence of women to the method and the effectiveness of it.

The modern systems of measurement, protection, command, control and supervision (MPCCS) have contributed in a meaningful way to increase the security and reliability of the power systems. The most important part of this multifunctional system is the protection system, which has as the main goal to maintain the power system integrity when it is under a disturbance, assuring the people‟s safety as well as the continuation of the services to the part of the system not involved in the disturbance. For this, the protection system must fulfill some basic requirements such as: proper selectivity and coordination, prompt response, sensitivity to protect the largest zone as possible and reliability. In a system protection, one component takes on a prominent position, given its functional importance: the digital protection relay. It is in this device where the necessary adjustments are configured for proper operation of the protection scheme of a given electrical power system. The digital relays are devices that have several protection functions, with multiple levels of settings, measurements, oscillography, supervision, control and communication. Besides all these features, the digital relays have multiple groups of settings that can be previously configured and switched among them, according to operational needs. The changing of setting group in a relay is a very important resource at a protection system, extensively used by protection sectors of companies in the power sector, allowing the optimization of the protection system setting, making it compatible to a new topology taken on by the system after a fault or an intentional removal of some system component. Nowadays this procedure is performed manually, making it vulnerable to human errors that might occur as a consequence of an outage, with serious effect in the system performance indices. In this sense this work presents a system, based on Colored Petri Nets, able to automatically change the setting groups of a protection system when the power network topology changes. This system monitors in real time the status of the circuit breakers in order to take the decision whether a meaningful change in the network topology has taken place. If so, a command is automatically sent to the relays to change the active group setting so as to maintain a suitable coordination of the protection system.

This dissertation implements the plant of an unit of pumping water supplied by electricity from the wind energy, to make possible the wells water extraction in semi-arid regions installed at the Station of Engineering Fishing on Pici's Campus of University Federal of the Ceará (UFC), in Fortaleza - CE, Brazil. The unit has a wind turbine (1kW-220 Vac), a load controller, and a water pumping system from a well to an elevated reservoir. The electricity to water pumping system can be powered by wind turbine or conventional grid. Other aspect that improves the work was the development of a piping that can be configured to submit the water pumping system to several hydraulics loads to accomplish the operational tests. The developed plant was able to pump, on an average, 4.318 L/day of water with the maximum value of 10.698 L/day to an average wind speed of 3,84 m/s. The reached average efficiency were : 10% (wind/hydraulic) and 41% (electric/hydraulic) by a wind speed of 6,5 m/s. The accomplished rehearsals demonstrated low robustness of the wind turbine used, pledging, thus, the operational availability and the equipment reliability. Actions are suggested to guarantee the viability of this model of water pumping powered by small size wind turbines.

In the last decades, the main cities in Brazil have been suffered from the level of urban mobility as a result of the undiscriminating use of automobiles due to the high frequency of daily trips and to the deficient highway spaces. Thus, the demand for trips started a conflict, resulting in an instability presented in several problems such as atmospheric pollution, car accidents and high levels of congestion. Drivers try to minimize the travel time avoiding the principal ways with high levels of congestion, starting to utilize the collectors or local roads to get to their destinations. With such high speed in residential areas, the agencies, in order to guarantee the safety of the users, implanted speed reducers as a way to improve the conditions of circulation in urban areas. The Brazilian Traffic Code – CTB regulated the utilization of the speed hump only for special cases, requiring studies that justify its implantation in order to avoid the conflicts between the way users. Therefore, this objective dissertation aims at studying the effects of speed hump in the traffic operations in urban ways, also identifying other factors which influence the drivers' behavior in segments which precede and succeed such speed hump. From the study of the impacts, a method to determine the most appropriate positioning of the speed hump in the roadway was proposed upstream of the pedestrian crossing site.

This paper analyses the process of convergence in the world economy in the 1950-1992 period, with the purpose of examining the factors that have contributed to the ocurrence of that process and to the ∗ Agradecemos o apoio recebido da FUNCAP e a bolsista do PIBIC/CNPq, Emanuela Andrade Costa, para realização desta pesquisa. ** Coordenador da pesquisa. Professor do curso de pós- graduação em economia(CAEN)da Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC. *** Professor do Curso de Economia da Universidade Federal do Piauí e doutorando do CAEN.3 formation of “Convergence Clubs” . The data used have as sources the Penn World Table (1992) and Barro and Lee (1993). In the empirical tests the neoclassical model was used. Persistence tests were also performed. The results indicate the existence of a divergence process when all countries were considered, and a convergence process for the group of rich countries. Formation of Convergence Clubs was also identified. The introduction of auxiliary variables, schooling levels, degree of economic openess, to explain the conditional convergence did not result significant. The persistence tests, on the other hand, do indicate a trend in consolidation of the “Convergence Clubs”

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Differentials in the rates of growth of income per capita among countries has been a pemianent issue in the economic literature, particularly in those areas related to Economic Development and Economic Growth. Recently, empirical studies have shown a process of reduction on those differentials among developed countries. The analysis of this process, and of its theoretical and empirical foundations, namely of the Convergence Hypothesis (H-C), has given rise to an important research area. In analytical temis this analysis can be roughly classified into two approaches: The Appreciative and the Formal Theorizing Model. In this paper both approaches are considered. Adittionally a brief analysis of the literature and of the relationship between the expansion of world trade and the H-C is also made.

ALENCAR , Helenira Fonseca de. Participação social e estima de lugar: caminhos traçados por jovens estudantes moradores de bairros da Regional III da Cidade de Fortaleza pelos mapas afetivos. 2010. 239 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2010.