RCAAP Repository

After the 1988 Constitution, social policies gained evidence by obtaining institutional structure and resources. However, these practices were developed in disregard of the phenomena and the global understanding of the different contexts in which indigenous peoples are inserted. The lack of holistic understanding leads to failures in the provision of care and protection practices to Indigenous Peoples. Thus, this dissertation aims to analyze the state of the art of indigenous health and environmental policies in Brazil, considering the bibliographic productions and generating an overview of the application of these policies. The study is exploratory and will be produced qualitatively and quantitatively through a bibliographic survey in articles, information portals of the federal government, indigenous entities, international organizations and advice on Brazilian policies aimed at Indigenous Peoples related to health and the environment, from the colonial period up to the present time. It was possible to identify 147 health publications and 196 related to the environment, totaling 343 documents, distributed in 196 articles, 82 referring to indigenous health policies and 114 regarding environmental indigenous policies, the other publications are classified in the platforms such as doctoral theses, dossiers, master's dissertations and course conclusion works, for example. Indigenous policies aimed at increasing indigenous action and mobilization can be seen, anchored at the right and defense of the land, as well as other important demands, such as the improvement of health care and education.

In the last decades, the eCB system has been highlighted by its neuro and immunomodulatory effects. Beyond CB1R effects in Central Nervous System (CNS), CB2R target drugs has been showed to be promising to mitigation of neuroinflammatory diseases in mouse models. However, it remains unknow the effects of CB2R target drugs on behavior. Therefore, we review the effects of CB2R on behavior in murine models by Pubmed website, selecting studies between 2001 to 2021. In this sense, many studies has demonstrated the effects of overexpression, lack, activation or antagonization of CB2R on Aggressive behavior, Memory-associated behaviors, Mood disorders and Reward behavior. Similarly, it is not clear yet how the eCB system modulates the behavior through CB2Rs present in neurons. Thus, in mouse models, although the pharmacological treatment with CB2R target drugs seems to be promising for neuroinflammatory diseases, on behavior there are few answers about the pathways of this modulation, as well as, it is fundamental the development and/or the update of behavioral tests that evaluate many parameters, then expose better interpretations in these tests.

Introduction: The pulpotomy procedure is conventionally done with formocresol, however, due to its mutagenic characteristics, new filling materials were developed as an alternative. Objective: The aim of this study was to review the literature in an integrative way regarding the most suitable filling material for pulpotomy in primary teeth. Methodology: The databases searched were Pubmed and Medline. The descriptors used for search were: “child”, “children”, “primary teeth”, “tooth, deciduous”, “primary tooth”, "pulpotomy", "pediatric dentistry", "endodontics", "root canal filling materials", "materials", "material", "biodentine", "mineral trioxide aggregate", "formocresol", "formocresols", "cytotoxicity", "biocompatible materials", "biocompatibility", "radiopacity", "radiographic" and "radiography, dental". The inclusion criteria were clinical studies, retrospective studies and prospective studies published from 2016 to 2021, in English or Portuguese. The exclusion criteria were thesis, dissertations, monographs, letters to the editor, textbooks and literature reviews. Results: After the search of the articles, 9 articles from both databases were included in the literature review, with higher prevalence of clinical trials. Conclusion: The most recommended filling materials for pulpotomies in primary teeth are Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. The filling material must be chosen according to the criteria of the professional and the patient’s case. It also needs to be considered the costs and the collaboration of the patient during the treatment.

The aim was to analyze perceptions about sexuality, motherhood and abortion, according to socioeconomic factors in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years, high school students, in the Greater Vitoria Metropolitan Region - Espirito Santo, Brazil. Cross-sectional school-based study with 2,292 students, carried out in 2016/2017, through a structured interview. The instrument “Questionnaire of Values and Beliefs about Sexuality, Maternity and Abortion” was used, which has five dimensions: pleasure, affectivity, reproduction, motherhood and abortion. For the analyzes, we used: mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. There was a predominance of agreement for the perceptions about the functions of sexuality, disconnection from motherhood as the main function of the female condition and negative perceptions about abortion. In the regression, the maternity dimension was the most explained by socioeconomic factors (R² = 6.7%): age 18/19 years (β = 0.154), male gender (β = 0.154), 2nd and 3rd years of high school (β = -0.118; -0.172), marital status (β = -0.341), having paid work (β = 0.113), head of the family with secondary education or higher (β = -0.234; -0.246) and total family income> 3 wages (β = -0.234). Adolescents' perceptions are influenced by socioeconomic factors, with socioeconomic inequalities being important markers for these perceptions.

Bromelain has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer properties and also works as an aid in the digestion process and as a cardioprotective agent. The aim of the study was to analyze through the scientific literature the mucolytic action of bromelain. This is a literature review of the literature, which was used to generate the guiding question: “What scientific evidence shows the mucolytic action of bromelain?”. Seven studies included in this review, all with a quantitative approach to data (100%); concentrated mainly in the year 2017 (42.9%) and all were in the English language (100%), with origin of studies published in Austria (42.9%), the European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics concentrated more publications, corresponding to 28.6%. The studies addressed the use of bromelain associated with other substances, the effects of bromelain, such as improving permeability for drugs, and its action on the intestinal mucus, making it more permeable. The study allowed for the expansion of knowledge about bromelain or bromelain as a mucolytic agent, its nutraceutical potentials and action against some pathologies, in addition to its possible use by the pharmaceutical industry for the creation of drugs that overcome the mucolytic barrier more easily.

The renal system and the cardiac system are closely connected, in other words, if there’s a change in one of these systems, this alteration directly and/or indirectly influences the functioning of the other. Among the most common changes, related to these two systems, are chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF). CKD is a condition where the kidneys lose their ability to function. HF, on the other hand, is a clinical syndrome characterized by the heart's inability to function properly as a pump, that’s, there’s a modification in both the contraction deficit and it’s relaxation, which is unable to send blood to the rest of the body. This work aims to carry out an integrative literature review to verify the relationship between CKD and HF. For the survey of articles in the literature, a search was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem online (Medline), Sicelo, Cochrane and Up to Date. The following descriptors and their combinations in Portuguese, English and Spanish languages were used to search for articles: "Chronic Kidney Failure", "Heart Failure", "Chronic Kidney Disease and Heart Disease" and "Chronic Kidney Disease Related to Heart Disease''. The analysis of studies in the literatute showed that chronic kidney diseade becomes a risk factor for heart failure depending on predisposing factor, such as: iron deficiency anemia, arteriosclerosis, hipertension, previous kidney demage, etc. Thus, this relationship affirms that CKF is a risk factor for HF.

Genetic breeding is based on the inheritance of quantitative traits, which provides the basis for developing methods that can be used to increase the rate of genetic improvement, known as genetic gain. Through selection, new varieties of plants can be obtained, which can be protected. Thus, this research investigates the mechanisms for estimating royalties in protected cultivars and the importance of genetic gains in such estimations. A systematic review was carried out based on articles published in 10 years, from 2009 to 2019, in the scientific bases Scopus (71) and Web of Science (73). The main crop, take as an example, was sugar cane. A survey of documents was carried out containing the Boolean terms and operators: “(genetic * and gain) and (sugarcane or cane)” in the title and/or abstract. One hundred forty-four articles were searched. After processing the data and removing duplicate documents, 107 scientific articles remained. With an average publication of 6.38 publications per year. Average of 14.6 citations per document. There were 463 authors and 456 co-authors, with nine documents having single authorship and an average of 4.33 authors per article. After the refinement process, a study sample of 25 articles was obtained. The analyzed journals provided information about the estimates, applied model, and study variables, being of great importance in constructing a linear regression model of royalty valuation linked to intellectual property rights related to the breeder of plant breeding.

The predominance of Brazilian land occupied by commodity crops presents a production model that threatens the country's food security and sovereignty. Thus, the practice of production for self-consumption emerges as a strategy to guarantee food security for rural families. It is all types of production carried out within the family unit, which is used by family members in order to meet their needs.  In this context, this article aims to understand the production for self-consumption, as well as the perception of family farmers on the issue of food security in the municipality of Vitorino/PR. Qualitative research was conducted with the support of participatory training meetings and the use of the participant observation method, and semi-structured interviews were applied with twenty-two family farmers in the municipality. The data presented show the importance of production for self-consumption in the face of the need to combat food and nutritional insecurity in the country, especially in the rural area, which has undergone many transformations. The concern with poison in food was very present in the narratives, so that food produced with pesticides or industrialized is perceived as synonymous with food that produces insecurity of consumption, besides being a health risk. 

It is of fundamental importance to make the population aware of the use of water resources, increasingly exposing society that they depend on a period of regeneration and that irresponsible use causes water shortages. The objective is to evaluate and compare the performance of empirical methods for estimating evapotranspiration by the methods of Hargreaves, Hargreaves-Samani, Camargo and Thorntwaite with the standard method of Penman-Monteih, suggested by FAO-56, for Amparo de São Francisco – Sergipe. The rainfall data were from the period 1963-2020 and the thermal data were estimated by the software estima - T. The climatological data were estimated by the simplified interpolation method. With the results, it became clear that land use changes, such as agriculture, grazing and reforestation, cause changes in the water dynamics of a watershed. The Penman - Monteith method indicated by the FAO for the determination of ETp, present values ​​different from the real water conditions, at least in the studied area, overestimating the monthly ETp in all studied land uses. This behavior may be linked to solar radiation and temperature, which are the determining factors for the estimation of evapotranspiration by the Penman-Monteith method.

Brazil is an agricultural country and extremely dependent on chemical fertilizers from the international market. Soil remineralization is an important solution for nutrient recovery from land subjected to intense cultivation or weathering and leaching processes, especially in tropical regions. Thus, the objective of this article was to demonstrate the importance of remineralizers as a sustainable alternative for soil fertilization in Brazil, through a bibliographical review, analysis of the current legislation and official public data. Law 12,890/2013 included remineralizers as a category of input for agriculture and Normative Instruction No. 05/2016 published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) regulated this new agricultural input. The research and employment of rockstone techniques has increased, including registration in the MAPA of companies producing remineralizers in some Brazilian states, such as Minas Gerais, Goiás and Paraná. And although Pará has national prominence in mineral production, there is still no record of production of this input in the state, which makes it necessary to develop research into the use of rock powder in the region. The stonemeal technique brings benefits such as significantly lower costs than conventional fertilizers; increased agricultural production; absence of environmental impacts to the soil and water bodies; in addition to the use of mineral residues. Considering the Brazilian geodiversity, remineralizers tend to become an agricultural input of great availability in the country, allowing the reduction of its external dependence on fertilizers, bringing social, economic, productive and environmental benefits to the country.

The aim of this study was to establish predictive indicators of secretion volumes for decannulation in intensive care unit patients. To measure the secretion, adhesive rulers were prepared for the vacuometers and standardization for suction with the measurement of 10ml of saline solution at 0.9% styrated during the suction process and another 10ml for cleaning of the suction system, totaling 20ml that were deducted from the totals collected during suction, such criteria were used in the same way in the entire sample. Of the 52 (59.77%) patients with secretion rate of 0 to 20ml, the appearance of the secretion was fluid, clear color and absence of secretion in the tracheostomy region. The phonoaudiological clinical parameters showed: adequate phonation and oral transit time and conditions to maintain the cuff deflated. Such results were significant for decannulation (p = 0.000). For 19 (21.84%) patients with secretion rate between 30 and 40ml, they presented the aspect of thick secretion, yellowish color and presence of secretion in the tracheostomy region. The phonoaudiological clinical parameters showed: dysphonic vocal quality, wet voice, slow oral transit time and difficulty in maintaining the cuff deflated. Such results were preponderant for non-decannulation with significance (p = 0.000) for all criteria.  The analysis of the volume of suctioned secretions, as well as their aspect and coloration, proved to be a significant indicator in the decannulation process, as it quantifies and offers measurable standards.

This work sought to understand the evolution of the Municipality of Belo Horizonte through a Governance evaluation, which encompasses transparency towards citizens and the actions proposed by the municipality, emphasizing Integration, Transparency and Effective Indicators in the provision of data to identify whether the city of Belo Horizonte is a smart city. The methodology used is based on a survey of data made available on the evolution of the city of Belo Horizonte in the Connected Smart Cities ranking in 2019 and 2020; semi-structured interview with the management involved in making open data available to the population and the analysis of the evolution and effects of transparency actions in the city of Belo Horizonte as Smart City. The data were qualitatively analyzed, and as a result it is possible to point out that (1) the implementation of a Smart City undergoes several changes, evolutions and debates that dialogue with the different participating actors, (2) the public administration is the main inducer and transforming agent of this process, guided by indicators and rankings that dialogue with the city, (3) it is possible to confront the concepts found in the literature that permeate broad topics such as: elements of population growth , digital revolution, integration, diffusion, collaborative society, connectivity, transparency and governance.

The aim of this study was to analyze body image satisfaction among girls from different pubertal groups using two assessment instruments. The sample consisted of 82 adolescent girls, aged 11 to 14 years, divided into two groups: pre- and post-menarche. The Kakeshita’s Body Image Scale (BIS) and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were used to assess body image dissatisfaction. For comparisons of anthropometric variables between pubertal groups, Student's t-test was used for independent samples. Comparisons between BMI classifications, body image satisfaction and desire for body image change were performed using chi-square and binomial tests for both groups. For the comparison between the instruments, the Kappa coefficient (K) was calculated. The results showed that, for BIS, more than 81% of adolescents showed dissatisfaction, being higher among adolescents in post-menarche. For BSQ, the prevalence of body dissatisfaction was lower, but the results did not confirm those previously observed. In both instruments (BIS and BSQ), there were no differences between groups. However, the study indicated a tendency for post-menarche girls to show greater dissatisfaction in relation to pre-menarche adolescents, while the instruments used do not show agreement in the results.

Syphilis is a systemic bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete and gram-negative bacterium, curable and exclusive to humans, however when treatment is not carried out in a timely manner, it can result in a chronic course with damage of irreversible potential. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe the performance of nursing, with the help of the multidisciplinary team, using the health education activity as a syphilis awareness and prevention strategy. This is a descriptive experience report, with a qualitative approach, carried out in a Municipal Health Unit in Ananindeua. According to experience, it was possible to observe, given the interaction, the primordiality of information in relation to syphilis, so that health education is essential for access to knowledge about diseases and demonstrated in practice how you can help the population to prevent and maintain the necessary care before the disease. Based on the actions provided, it is clear and necessary to observe the need to promote actions aimed at controlling the disease, including prevention and notification actions, active search and appropriate treatment.

Benign white lesions in the oral cavity have high recurrence and represent a group of entities whose main clinical manifestation is the presence of white areas in the mouth. Although there are classic features associated with each lesion, clinical appearances can be confounded, leading to incorrect diagnosis and treatment. Given the above, this work aims to describe the most common benign white lesions found in the oral mucosa, highlighting their etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. For the construction of this work, a bibliographic survey was carried out in the SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and ScienceDirect databases, using the Mendeley reference manager. From the narrative review of the literature, it was observed that the most recurrent benign white lesions affecting the oral mucosa are pseudomembranous candidiasis, leukoplakia, nicotinic stomatitis, actinic cheilitis, leukoedema, lichen planus, lichenoid contact reaction, nibbling injury, line alba and white spongy nevus. Therefore, it is extremely important that health professionals are familiar with these lesions, distinguishing them from malignant lesions that affect the cavity, in order to establish the correct treatment for each case.

Objective: to evaluate the implementation and observed effects of the Strategy Breastfeed and Feed Brazil (SBFB) in Health Units (HU) in Piracicaba/SP. Methods: evaluative research carried out in two stages: 1) analysis of teams’ adherence to SBFB; 2) comparative analysis of food consumption markers in HUs with and without SBFB. In step 1, data were obtained by an instrument for monitoring the actions agree in the SBFB implementation workshops and, in step 2, by food consumption markers registered in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System for the period from 2015 to 2018. Results: In step 1, 100% of the HUs had 80-85% adherence by the team and agreed on actions to promote breasteeding and healthy complementary feeding. In step 2, HUs with SBFB showed an increase in the average percentage of exclusive breastfeeding indicators in children under 6 months, complementary breastfeeding, introduction of food and a reduction in the instant noodles consumption indicator. Conclusion: There was good adherence to SBFB by the team members and the indicators for promoting of breastfeeding and healthy complementary feeding of the HUs with SBFB were more positive than those without SBFB.

This study aims to seek evidence in the literature about the barriers faced by women living with HIV in the affective-sexual relationship. This is an integrative literature review, carried out by bibliographic survey in Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Database in Nursing (BDENF) and US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of health (PubMed) during the month of September 2020. Inclusion criteria were studies published in full from 2015 to 2020, in Portuguese and English that were freely available online. Duplicate articles, monographs, dissertations, thesis, reviews and those that did not correspond to the research objective were discarded. 2,090 articles were identified, but only 7 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four (57.2%) were found in SciELO, two (28.6%) in BDENF and one (14.2%) in LILACS. This study allowed us to realize that the main obstacles faced by women living with HIV in the affective-sexual aspect are emotional, psychological and social, making noteworthy the different impacts that the diagnosis of HIV causes in women's lives.

Hyptis marrubioides Epling is popularly known as field mint and is part of the Lamiaceae family. It is a characteristic species of the Brazilian Cerrado, whose medicinal properties of essential oil have already been scientifically proven. Through the various factors that influence the content and chemical composition of the essential oil, the objective was to identify which conditions of collection and drying temperature of the inflorescences provide higher essential oil content and possible chemical variations of the volatile fraction. An experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (DIC), in a factorial scheme. Two collection positions of H. marrubioides inflorescences on the parent plant (apical and median) and two drying temperatures of the plant material (40 and 60ºC) were studied, totaling four treatments, with analyzes in duplicates. The essential oil was extracted by steam drag and subsequently chemical analysis of four experimental plots was carried out using Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GCEM). It is concluded that the apical position of the inflorescences of Hyptis marrubioides has a higher essential oil content, especially when subjected to a drying temperature of 60ºC. Variations in the collection position and drying temperature provided quantitative and qualitative changes in the chemical analysis of the essential oil from H. marrubioides inflorescences.

In this work, we sought to bring Larry Laudan's epistemology, which presupposes that scientific progress is based on Problem Solving, closer to the subject of Isomerism, a research carried out by Jacob Berzelius. This theme is relevant in the study of Organic Chemistry, as isomerism is a common phenomenon and portrays the diversity of organic molecules that have the same molecular formula, but different structural properties and characteristics. However, its teaching in the classroom has been occurring in a fragmented way due to the difficulty found by teachers and students in developing the necessary abstraction to understand its most diverse representations. This work aims from the understanding of the importance and effectiveness of the discovery made by Berzelius, related to Larry Laudan's epistemology, to provide that the subject Isomerism can be approached in the classroom in a more understandable way, seeking, in this way, to minimize the difficulties between teaching and learning.

Youth and Adult Education (EJA) is a teaching modality impregnated with dilemmas, but it can become potentially emancipatory and transformative, as advocated by Paulo Freire, with the inclusion of Critical Environmental Education in classes. In this context, this research aimed to understand the impact of interventions in Environmental Education in the teaching of Mathematics through Didactic Sequences, based on Freirian assumptions, with EJA students, in relation to their conceptions about their environmental reality. Thus, we developed a qualitative research, specifically, a case study, with the students of Mathematics – Elementary School II at EJA in the city of Paranavaí - PR. From the analysis of the data obtained with the implementation of the Didactic Sequence "Industrial Revolution, Urbanization Process and its Implications for the Environment", we found that the predominant conception of the Environment among the students was related to "Nature", that is, for them the environment is associated with the presence of forests, animals and plants. Another factor observed was the students' lack of confidence in their ability to resolve activities, which was an obstacle to be overcome daily in the teaching and learning process. Given this context, we conclude that it is extremely relevant for EJA that more actions with this focus are carried out, because when problematizing socio-environmental aspects in the teaching of Mathematics in EJA, in order to value the knowledge and environmental reality of students, the teaching process and learning becomes more meaningful and potentially transformative.