RCAAP Repository

Abstract How do individuals react to statements that condone acts of corruption and violence? This article contributes to the understanding of how people respond to discourses related to antisocial practices by examining how (1) information about the person who made the statement, and (2) the use of additional information as justification for the antisocial statement affect individuals’ agreement with this type of discourse. Relying on moral disengagement theory, we present an experimental study conducted with 487 high school students that assesses the level of agreement with statements made by Brazilian politicians that illustrate different mechanisms of moral disengagement. While overall results indicate low levels of agreement with these statements, comparisons across experimental groups suggest that providing case-based arguments as justification increases agreement with statements in favor of violence but reduces agreement with statements that condone acts of corruption.

Abstract Tradeoff analysis, between generalizability, precision, and realism, guides methodological choices in organizational behavior. These methodological choices were systematically reviewed in Brazilian articles and books (1996-2017) to answer the following question: why are there no Brazilian studies on organizational behavior that use big data or analytics? Among 1062 research articles on organizational behavior, published in 19 psychology and business journals, 68% used scales, and only 10% used observation. Observation was often unstructured and supported other methods. The focus was on “saying,” instead of “doing”. Big data and analytics have the potential to simultaneously reach generalizability, precision, and realism and may pave the way for new conclusions. Additionally, these methods could transform research in organizational behavior.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the moderating power of time of unemployment in the relationship between work values and psychological well-being. The sample consisted of 265 unemployed individuals, 77 men and 188 women with an average age of 27 years (SD = 7.21), with complete secondary education in 48% of the total sample. The following data collection instruments were applied: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Flourishing Scale and the Work Intrinsic Values Scale. The results of hierarchical regression analyses show that time of unemployment acts as a moderator in the relationship between the work values and the psychological well-being, so that the longer the unemployment duration the greater the individual’s psychological well-being. Consequently, the shorter the period of unemployment, more intense is the feeling of negative emotions. The result yield three important contributions: demonstration of the association between work values and psychological well-being of unemployed; identification that the period of unemployment is an important moderator to understand the unemployed well-being and review of the issue of unemployment in the social and political field in times of recession.

Abstract The literature highlights the existence of weaknesses in the psychosocial care network, especially in the treatment of children and adolescents that use drugs. The study aimed to comprehend, based on the Winnicottian theoretical framework, how a Residential Care Unit has been providing care to children and adolescents with needs arising from drugs use in situations of social vulnerability. Semi-structured interviews, with eight care providers, and 65 hours of participant observation were carried out. From the thematic analysis, three themes were constructed: (1) Setting: regarding attention to basic needs and construction of a routine; (2) View: regarding empathy and expansion of perspectives; (3) Aggressiveness: regarding new ways of relating. Important actions are aimed at constructing care for this specific population, as this is a current theme with recent and weakly structured public policies.

Abstract The ageing process has provoked a visible increase of older adult students in Brazilian universities. Several studies have been conducted on the development of this older adult student, but few have tested the influence of social skills and perceived social support on academic performance by comparing different age groups. The goal of this longitudinal study was to investigate the influence of social support and social skills on the academic performance of older adult college students compared to younger individuals. The sample was composed of 326 college students (200 younger individuals and 126 older adults), from 13 universities in the metropolitan area of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Multiple hierarchical regression confirmed the predictive power of the social support (but not the social skills) over academic performance. The evolution of academic performance (performance coefficient) was observed for two years. New studies with larger samples in other regional contexts are recommended.

Abstract This study aimed to adapt the Children’s Natural Environment Signaling Scale to the Brazilian context, gathering evidence of validity and precision. Specifically, it sought to verify the presence of violent behavior in the adolescents’ family environment and to identify the victims of this type of violence. A total of 249 adolescents, between 13 and 19 years old, participated this study. The results pointed to the existence of few situations of intrafamily violence, with the most frequent victims being children and adolescents. As for the instrument, the confirmatory factor analysis revealed adequate adjustment indexes, confirming the original model of the scale, composed of four factors: physical abuse, emotional abuse, coercion, and control. The reliability, assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients, showed similar satisfactory indicators ranging from 0.69 to 0.81. The importance of having a psychometrically robust instrument is highlighted, making it possible to assess intrafamily violence in the Brazilian context.

Abstract Phenomenological psychopathology has been defined as a human science that is concerned with the object on which clinical psychology and psychiatry act. How psychopathological experiences are understood is an important factor determining decision-making in clinical care. An accurate understanding of psychopathology is fundamental to the effectiveness of mental health treatments. This is even more important in a field such as substance use disorders in which social and cultural values influence both diagnosis and decision-making. In this article, we offer a contribution to clinical decision-making in substance use disorders by suggesting the association of Phenomenological Psychopathology and Values-Based Practice, constituting a Values-based Phenomenology We present a fictitious clinical case (to preserve confidentiality), illustrating a three-step practical application of Values-based Phenomenology. We conclude that although still a nascent discipline, Values-based Phenomenology offers a promising approach to reducing the gap between services and patients’ needs in clinical decision-making, and thus to improving clinical care in substance use disorders.

Abstract This article aims to understand the hyperphagic experience in the obesity of patients in the French and Brazilian contexts. Using the critical phenomenological method, twenty subjects were interviewed in health services in Paris and in Fortaleza. We note an objectification and expropriation of the body often experienced in the hyperphagic experience in obesity. We highlight the emphasis on health in the French context and on form and aesthetics in the Brazilian context. In Fortaleza, there seems to be a more evidenced discrimination in relation to obesity and a pathological discourse, whereas in Paris this pathologization is viewed from a critical position regarding the treatments. We conclude that the hyperphagic experience in obesity reveals a subject who is often lost in his/her way of being and having a body, and that clinical work must involve the re-appropriation of this body and the recovery of the condition of the autonomous subject.

Abstract This article describes, theoretically analyzes, and exemplifies, through a fictitious vignette, a psychological intervention of a clinical nature, developed by psychologists in a tertiary mental health care hospital, as an alternative to conventional physical restraint in situations of acute psychotic crises. The theoretical framework adopted is Person-Centered Approach, developed by the North American psychologist Carl Rogers. The psychological intervention reveals the importance of an interpersonal relationship in the care of patients who are going through a psychotic crisis. The psychologist’s therapeutic posture includes the three attitudes advocated by Carl Rogers as necessary and sufficient to facilitate the process of resuming personal autonomy (congruence or authenticity, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding), in addition to confidence in the patient’s own actualizing tendency. The therapeutic strategy presented is a possible resource to be used to stabilize the person in crisis. These attitudes were initially proposed by Rogers and his team to develop and maintain a psychotherapeutic intervention process, but they also proved to be effective in the experience of Brazilian psychologists in relation to patients with severe mental disorders in acute crises.

Resumo Este artigo discute o papel da escola na constituição dos sujeitos, aborda suas contribuições ao desenvolvimento ou à inibição dele, a depender das interações das quais participam os alunos, e insere a escola no contexto mais amplo da sociedade, considerando os múltiplos fatores que a constituem como instituição que, a um só tempo, conserva e transforma valores, saberes e diversas práticas culturais e que emperra processos de desenvolvimento de crianças, adolescentes e adultos. Reflete, então, sobre a escola como produtora de desigualdade, por um lado, e promotora da superação das condições de existência, por outro. Busca-se destacar o papel da escola como fomentadora da consciência dos sujeitos sobre si e sobre o mundo, sobre as condicionantes de suas vidas atuais e possibilidades futuras.

Resumo As práticas de ensino e pesquisa na Pós-Graduação têm sido entendidas como uma cultura acadêmica causadora de sofrimento. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma compreensão do sofrimento vivido pelos alunos da Pós-Graduação a partir de uma perspectiva culturalista. Para isso, o texto problematiza o contexto da Pós-Graduação e apresenta axiomas da Psicologia Cultural Semiótica que fundamentam a análise dos processos psicológicos que ocorrem na relação do estudante com o meio acadêmico. A cultura acadêmica é entendida como o conjunto compartilhado de signos usados e construídos pelas pessoas na pós-graduação, as quais organizam seus mundos interno e externo, regulam as interações sociais e orientam as ações humanas. Desse modo, o sofrimento é um produto cultural da interação entre as forças canalizadoras da cultura acadêmica e as ações do estudante. Sugere-se que pesquisas futuras possam estudar empiricamente como os pós-graduandos criam uma síntese pessoal a partir da cultura acadêmica.

Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Brazil and one of the positive features in the care of cancer patients is the professional-patient bond; however, due to the complexity of the disease, these professionals may develop occupational stress. This study investigated the perception of the bond and occupational stress of professionals who deal with cancer patients. Forty professionals from the surgical clinic and onco-hematology service at a hospital answered a questionnaire about bonding and stress at work. The results showed a greater perception frequency of the therapeutic bond, the same type identified as ideal. The onco-hematology team exhibited higher scores than the surgical clinic team in the perception of the bond and of the ideal therapeutic bond. The average occupational stress level of the participants was 2.08 (moderate), with no difference between the two teams. The power of health work models that use the bond between health professionals and cancer patients as a care technology stands out.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of risk behaviors for non-communicable diseases and analyze their associated factors in adolescents. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008 with 1,139 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years attending public and private high schools in Cuiabá, Midwestern Brazil. Data were collected using a selfadministered questionnaire, including a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. The prevalence of tobacco smoking, alcohol experimentation, physical inactivity, unsatisfactory meal pattern, and excessive intake of saturated fat and sodium were evaluated. The associations between risk behaviors and socioeconomic variables, weight status, and self-perceived health status were evaluated. Results: The most common risk behaviors were excessive sodium intake (88%), unsatisfactory meal pattern (72%), excessive intake of saturated fat (39%), and alcohol experimentation (39%). Four of 10 adolescents were exposed to two risk behaviors simultaneously. Among male adolescents, the main factors associated with risk behaviors were: type of school, class schedule, education level of the household head, weight status, and self-perceived health status. Among female adolescents, age, type of school, class schedule, and education level of the household head were the main factors associated with risk behaviors. Conclusion: The prevalence of exposure to risk behaviors for non-communicable diseases was high, highlighting the simultaneous presence of tobacco smoking and experimentation of alcoholic beverages. Special attention should be given to educational activities to minimize the effects of the simultaneous occurrence of multiple risk behaviors.

Objective: To determine whether anthropometric indicators are associated with markers of renal function in adults and older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 279 adults and older adults attending eight primary healthcare units in eastern Goiânia, Góias. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical data were collected using a standard questionnaire. Body mass index was categorized as overweight (≥25 kg/m²) or non-overweight. Waist circumference was classified as normal or high; chronic kidney disease was defined as a glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/minutes/1.73 m²; micro/macroalbuminuria was defined as an albumin/creatinine ratio above 30 mg/g. The association between anthropometric indicators and renal function markers was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Chronic kidney disease was present in 8.9% and micro/macroalbuminuria in 34.8% of the sample. The prevalence of overweight was 57.0%. Waist circumference and body mass index were positively associated with glomerular filtration rate, characterized as glomerular hyperfiltration. Microalbuminuria was positively associated with body mass index in women. Conclusion: The prevalences of chronic kidney disease and overweight were high in the study population. Overweight was positively associated with glomerular filtration rate.

Objetivo: Realizar a equivalência semântica da Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global Pediátrica e sua adaptação para a língua portuguesa para aplicação em pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados com câncer. Métodos: O processo de equivalência semântica envolveu as seguintes etapas: tradução, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, discussão com comitê de especialistas e pré-teste, etapas que aconteceram na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e no Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. O questionário foi pré-testado em 32 pacientes pediátricos com câncer, de 2 a 18 anos, para verificar sua adequação nessa população. Resultados: Todas as etapas fundamentaram a equivalência semântica do instrumento. Foram necessárias discretas alterações no instrumento Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global Pediátrica para o contexto brasileiro. Na avaliação das 56 assertivas traduzidas para o português, 81% das respostas dos especialistas classificaram como "inalterado" o significado geral. Evidenciou-se uma boa equivalência semântica entre a tradução e a retrotradução e a versão original. Conclusão: A versão brasileira da Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global Pediátrica foi bem compreendida pela população do estudo e mostrou-se adequada para seguir com as demais etapas de adaptação transcultural e validação da ferramenta para posterior aplicação na população pediátrica hospitalizada com câncer.

Objective: To verify whether what users of soup kitchens in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, think about a healthy diet and the challenges they face to eat healthy are associated with their household food security status. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,656 users of soup kitchens in Belo Horizonte. Socioeconomic and household food security data, and healthy-eating discourses were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were submitted to descriptive analyses for constructing frequency distribution tables, and to univariate analysis. Discourse analysis was based on the social representation theory. Results: To cut, reduce, avoid, not eat, eat less, and decrease carbohydrates, salt, meats, various beverages, and other foods are the most frequent changes (71.4%) that food-secure users have made or intend to make. Food-insecure users intended to eat more fruits, non-starchy vegetables, and other foods (34.4%). The main obstacles food-secure and food-insecure users face to adopt a healthier diet are lack of time (82.9%) and low income (53.5%), respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: What users of soup kitchens in Belo Horizonte think about food and the obstacles they face to adopt a healthier diet are related to their household food security status. The results provide valuable data for effective proposals of food and nutrition education, which should act on the producers of subjectivity in this group and consider this group's food and nutrition security status.

O conceito de segurança alimentar e nutricional, construído coletivamente no cenário brasileiro, apresenta-se como um elemento catalizador de importantes reflexões na área de Nutrição Social. Este texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre as formas e os indicadores de avaliação em segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil. Esta breve reflexão se debruça sobre os desafios dos especialistas e pesquisadores da área em questão para abarcar seus princípios interdisciplinares; além disso, espera motivar o interesse pela elaboração de novos indicadores de avaliação e de metodologias e instrumentos de coleta de informação mais abrangentes e sistêmicos. Julga-se importante promover a reflexão sobre as limitações das escalas de mensuração da (in)segurança alimentar e nutricional em apontar e abarcar as complementaridades entre a vivência dessa insegurança e os processos e agentes de produção do fenômeno. Ressalta-se como desejável a inclusão da leitura do processo saúde-doença e o cuidado das morbidades resultantes da insegurança alimentar e nutricional como questões a serem exploradas em futuros estudos dessa temática.

School meals were introduced in the Brazilian political agenda by a group of scholars known as nutrition scientists' in the 1940s. In 1955, the Campanha de Merenda Escolar, the first official school food program, was stablished, and sixty years after its inception, school food in Brazil stands as a decentralised public policy, providing services to students enrolled in public schools, which involve the Brazilian federal government, twentyseven federative units, and their 5,570 municipalities. Throughout its history, school food has gone through many stages that reflect the social transformations in Brazil: from a campaign to implement school food focused on the problem of malnutrition and the ways to solve it, to the creation of a universal public policy relying on social participation and interface between other modern, democratic, and sustainable policies, establishing a strategy for promoting food and nutrition security, development, and social protection. In this article, the School Food Program is analyzed from the perspective of four basic structures that support it as public policy: the formal structure, consisting of legal milestones that regulated the program; substantive structure, referring to the public and private social actors involved; material structure, regarding the way in which Brazil sponsors the program; and finally, the symbolic structure, consisting of knowledge, values, interests, and rules that legitimatize the policy.

This article aims to perform a narrative review of the book "The mansions and the shanties" written by the Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre, published for the first time in 1936. The study analyzed Gilberto Freyre's contribution to the process of interpreting the formation and modification of the eating habits and patterns of the Brazilian society. The analysis is limited to a review, from a dietician's perspective, of text clippings where Freyre seeks to reconstruct and interpret the process of formation and modification of eating habits and patterns in the context of a patriarchal society. The text will try to answer the questions: what, how much, how, when, where, and with whom were the dwellers of mansions and shanties eating? Comparison of the eating habits of the rural patriarchal society with those of the emerging urban patriarchal society has shown Freyre's clear trend of aversion to the "Europeanization" of eating habits and his affection for traditional culinary values. The new eating habits of mansions and plantation houses were portrayed with disdain, denoting an author who remained stuck to the culinary traditions of a rural patriarchal society, to taste memories, especially of the sweets, cakes, and desserts created, adapted, and savored in Pernambuco state sugar mills.

Objective: To assess the food profile in the public procurement within rural family farming for the acquisition of family farm foods for the National School Feeding Program in the cities of São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: A total of 122 public procurement within rural family farming published electronically by 99 cities from January to September of 2013 were analyzed. The foods were classified in the following groups: grains; roots and tubers; legumes; meat; fish; vegetables; fruits; processed foods; ingredients; and milk. The cities were grouped into quartiles according to the number of elementary school students. The foods listed in the public procurement within rural family farming were then assessed according to city size. The Kruskal-Wallis test verified the difference between the number of foods in each group and in each quartile (p<0.05). Results: Of all the foods, the most common groups in the public procurement within rural family farming were the vegetable and fruit groups, representing 50 and 31%, respectively. The number of foods in the groups of grains, legumes, and milk in the public procurement within rural family farming increased with the number of students. On the other hand, cities with fewer students acquired more foods from the fruit group, resulting in differences between the quartiles (p<0.05). The group of processed foods was requested by 41% of the cities. Conclusion: Fresh foods were the most common types of foods in the public procurement within rural family farming, demonstrating that the acquisition of family farm products can contribute to school meal quality.