RCAAP Repository

ABSATRCT In Brazil, there are no data on the iodine content of foods, making it difficult for the population to assess their consumption of iodine. Such information is necessary for public policies aimed at establishing nutritional goals. The objective this article is to construct a table of the iodine content of foods. For the construction of the table, databases from 14 countries were used. The foods used were those listed in the 2008-2009 Household Budget Survey, except those containing added salt, and the doubts about whether or not the food was submitted to any kind of preparation. The compilation of international databases of iodine content resulted in 266 foods, which were grouped into 15 groups. Iodine was also quantified by food group and iodized salt. Data were presented as median, minimum, and maximum. A broad variation in the iodine content of foods was found between countries and inter- and intra-food groups. Those with the highest content were fish and seafood, and dairy products. Regarding salt iodization, these countries followed the recommendation of the World Health Organization, except for Spain, Norway and Turkey. The Food Iodine Content Table can be a useful tool for assessing iodine intake, being important in research on nutritional status, food guidance, and public health programs.

ABSTRACT Polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidize easily due to their chemical structure, causing a reduction of their nutritional properties. Nanostructured systems may be an alternative to protect fatty acids against oxidation, improving solubility and stability. Consequently, nutritional value of food is maintained as well as the sensory characteristics (color, flavor, texture, and aroma) when fatty acids are added to food products. The present study is a narrative review to introduce the potential benefits of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids nanoparticles incorporated in food products. The literature review includes publications in English and Portuguese issued between March 1985 and March 2019, in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases. Manual searches were conducted in the articles references lists of the articles included to identify other relevant studies. There were studies that evaluated the stability of fatty acids in food products such as bread, fruit juice, milk, yogurt, and meat. In this study, the most used nanostructured systems for the incorporation of fatty acids were the nanocapsules and the nanoliposomes. Currently, the nanostructured system demonstrates a potential to improve protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids against oxidization and thermal degradation. In this way, they maintain their functional properties and their bioavailability increases and therapeutic efficacy and sensory properties are improved. There are several methodologies being tested, which makes it difficult to identify the most efficient formulation to protect fatty acids. Nanostructured systems seem to be the best alternative to protect polyunsatured fatty acids from oxidization. The encapsulation efficiency, particle’s size and type are relevant factors to be considered to evaluate oxidization. In conclusion, the review showed that currently it is impossible to determine the most efficient methodology. Besides, nanoformulations should follow international guidelines to present more standardized and therefore more efficient particles.

ABSTRACT The objective of this narrative review, with a systematic survey, was to investigate the impact of social isolation on food (eating habits) during the 2019 Coronavirus disease pandemic. A retrieval of studies published from January 1st, 2019 to June 18th, 2020 was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases. The screening was structured using the terms corresponding to Coronavirus disease 2019, social isolation and food. All steps were carried out independently by three reviewers. Twelve studies were included, totaling 20,789 people assessed, with a predominance of cross-sectional studies of adult population. The studies reviewed had been carried out in Italy (n=4), Spain (n=2), Poland (n=1), China (n=1), India (n=1), United States of America (n=1), South Africa (n=1) and in a continental multicenter (n=1). The analysis of the studies included showed that most people reported that they did not change their usual diet; in addition, an increase in cooking habits, consumption of fruits and vegetables and a decrease in the consumption of alcoholic beverages was observed. A decrease in fish consumption and an increase in comfort foods were also reported. It was found that food habits changed in times of social isolation. We suggest that new investigations be carried out in different socioeconomic and demographic frameworks. We propose to continue the study on this theme, with a systematic review with or without meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT This scientific note presents preliminary developments of the Covid-19 pandemic on unemployment, poverty, and hunger in Brazil. The data on unemployment rate, un employment insurance claims, contingent of families in extreme poverty, and food insecurity was collected in government information systems, research published by public agencies, scientific articles, and in news portals. In an upward trajectory since 2015, the increase in unemployment and the number of families in extreme poverty was exacerbated after the pandemic began, drastically reducing the purchase power and access to healthy and adequate food, affecting mainly women and the populations of the Northern and Northeastern regions. Between January and September 2020, there was a 3% increase in unemployment in Brazil and, in October 2020, there were almost 485 thousand more families in extreme poverty compared to January of the same year. There are inadequate and insufficient responses from the Brazilian government to the articulated set of problems. The Covid-19 pandemic is a new element that potentiates the recent increase in hunger in Brazil, which occurs in parallel with the dismantling of the Food and Nutrition Security programs and the expansion of fiscal austerity measures, started with the political-economic crisis in 2015. There is an urgent need to recover the centrality of the agenda to fight hunger in Brazil, associated with the development of more robust contributions on the impact of the pandemic on the phenomena of poverty and hunger.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify and reflect about civil society’s initiatives to curb hunger in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods In order to identify society’s initiatives to fight hunger, two independent systematic searches were conducted in the Google® search engine using the following keywords: “covid civil society initiatives” and “hunger pandemic solidarity campaign”. Results Fourteen nationwide civil society-promoted initiatives were identified, that among their objectives aimed at fostering collective funding to purchase and distribute foods. Conclusion Brazilian society has been historically sensitive to the hunger problem and shows solidarity as a social value. Nevertheless, the State is legally bound to provide food, as a social right.

ABSTRACT This essay is a reflection on the interconnection of the Covid-19 pandemic, social inequality, food insecurity and obesity in the global scenario. The pandemic health crisis is bound to an economic and social crisis marked by an increase in unemployment and a decrease in income with a consequent growth of food and nutritional insecurity. The impacts are felt worldwide, although the situation in each country, with regard to the conditions of social inequality and access to food, influences the magnitude of the pandemic consequences. At the same time, we are aware that food and nutritional insecurity is associated with low food quality and higher rates of obesity, which impairs the immune response and predisposes to worse prognosis. Thus, more economically vulnerable populations must face poorer disease outcome, besides the worsening of the economic situation and food and nutritional insecurity and the increase in obesity rates.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the availability and price of fresh and ultra-processed foods in supermarkets before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in a mid-size city in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Methods Ecological and longitudinal study. A proportionate stratified random sampling method was applied to supermarkets in the municipality. To assess the availability, variety, and price of fresh and ultra-processed foods, we applied the Estudo do Ambiente Obesogênico em São Paulo (ESAO, Obesogenic Environment Study in São Paulo, Brazil) Food Store Observation Tool questionnaire and calculated the Healthy Food Store Index. The audits took place from December 2019 to January 2020, and we returned to the establishments in September 2020. Descriptive analyzes, McNemar tests, paired Student's T or Wilcoxon tests were performed using the SPSS software, version 20.0, with a 5% significance level. Results Ten supermarkets were evaluated. The prices of oranges (p=0.012), bananas (p=0.043), apples (p=0.004), and onions (p=0.004) were significantly increased during the time frame. Sugar-free soft drinks (p=0.044), powdered drinks (p=0.032), and corn snacks (p=0.015) showed a greater variety of brands and flavors during the pandemic. The Healthy Food Store Index score was 9.50±0.85 before the pandemic and 9.00±1.15 during it. Conclusion The prices of some fruits and vegetables increased, and supermarkets sold a greater variety of ultra-processed foods. Such findings highlight the importance of assessing the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on the food environment.

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the present work was to identify, summarize and review the main scientific articles, guiding documents, and legal aspects of Nutrition teleconsultation. Methods The study consisted of a narrative review and documental analyses. The narrative review was performed between March and April, 2021, in the PubMed, Scopus and Lilacs databases. The websites of the Federal Council of Nutritionists, the Regional Councils of Nutritionists and the Brazilian Association of Food and Nutrition were browsed for the documental analysis. Results This article presents the main aspects of Nutrition teleconsultation in Brazil and in the world, both technical (practice, request for laboratory exams, prescription of dietary supplements, service disclosure, fees, service platforms and general conditions) and ethical norms (confidentiality and data protection). Some advantages of the Nutrition teleconsultation were also compiled, such as: cost reduction, improved access to services, increased adherence, reduced geographic barriers, increased involvement of patients and their families and improved self-care; limitations included lack of access to the necessary infrastructure, feeling uncomfortable with the technology, concerns about safety or desire to be assisted in person, among others. Conclusion It is concluded that the Nutritional teleconsultation has promising potential in the pandemic, and may be able to overcome the social isolation challenge, that could impose data collection restrictions. Future studies may elucidate, through professional experiences, nutritional teleconsultation’s advantages and limitations, thus allowing more assertive recommendations and quality adjustments to the nutritional teleconsultation.

ABSTRACT Objective To quantify the prevalence and related factors to the risk of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in undergraduate students at a private university in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods A cross-sectional study, which evaluated the frequency of food consumption, physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, short form), the risk of anorexia and bulimia nervosa (Sick, Control, One, Fat, and Food questionnaire) and demographic variables. The statistical analysis used a multivariate logistic regression model, where the outcome was the yes/no risk of anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Results A total of 1,545 university students participated. The average age was 19.2 years (+/-2.5), 65.7% were women, and 63.9% came from Bogotá. The risk of anorexia and bulimia nervosa was 27.6%. In the logistic regression, the risk was associated with female sex (OR 1.6 CI95% 1.2 to 2.1), daily consumption of cereals (OR 0.7 CI95% 0.6 to 0.9), daily fat consumption (OR 1.5 CI95% 1.1 to 2.1), eat light products (OR 1.8 CI95% 1.1 to 2.9), consume protein supplements (OR 0.4 CI95% 0.2 to 0.8), being in disagreement with physical activity for fun (OR 1.8 CI95% 1.1 to 3.1), and physical activity by appearance (OR 2.2 CI95% 1.6 to 2.9). Conclusions The prevalence of risk to anorexia and bulimia nervosa in the study sample is high. The associated factors were the consumption of cereals, fat, light products, and protein supplements. Physical activity by appearance and disagreement to do exercise by fun were associated with the risk of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. So it is recommended that universities implement awareness and education interventions to address this problem.

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the multivariate relationships between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Methods This is a cross-sectional study developed in a public elementary school with 60 first- to sixth-graders. Their eating habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Survey, weight, height, and cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed according to the Projeto Esporte Brasil protocol. Moreover, the variables, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, diastolic and systolic blood pressure were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and generalized estimation equations were used for the analysis of direct and indirect relations, in a multivariate analysis model with several simultaneous outcomes. Results It appears that the eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness explain 20% of the body mass index. Cardiometabolic risk factors are explained by the relationship between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index, according to the following percentages: 29% (systolic blood pressure), 18% (diastolic blood pressure), 63% (leptin), 4% (adiponectin), 14% (C-reactive protein), 17% (insulin), 10% (high-density lipoprotein), 1% (low-density lipoprotein), 4% (glucose). It is also observed that the effects of the eating habits on cardiometabolic risk factors are indirect, that is, they are dependent on changes in the body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Conclusions The relationship between eating habits and cardiometabolic risk factors in children is dependent on cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index. Thus, our findings suggest a multivariate relationship between these factors.

ABSTRACT Objective The natural probiotic kefir is fermented milk, and may have effects on satiety and voluntary energy intake. This randomized crossover trial aimed to determine whether kefir, consumed with low- or high-glycemic index meals, affects appetite and subsequent food intake. Methods Twenty four healthy females aged 21-24 years, were recruited from Erciyes University and the surrounding community. The participants were submitted to three different breakfasts: a low glycemic index accompanied by milk, a low glycemic index with kefir, and a high glycemic index with kefir, with a 1-week washout period between meals. At 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after the meal, appetite ratings were measured by the visual analog scale, and then ad libitum lunch was served. Results No differences in appetite scores and voluntary energy intake were detected between the test meals. Furthermore, palatability ratings were similar between test meals, except for the higher score of high glycemic index kefir for overall palatability. Conclusion This study demonstrated that adding kefir to a high glycemic index meal may prevent increases in appetite and food intake, resulting in postprandial responses similar to those of a low glycemic index meal. These findings might enable the development of novel dietary strategies based on appetite regulation to treat or prevent obesity, particularly for Western societies. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the process NCT03636217.

ABSTRACT Objective The natural probiotic kefir is fermented milk, and may have effects on satiety and voluntary energy intake. This randomized crossover trial aimed to determine whether kefir, consumed with low- or high-glycemic index meals, affects appetite and subsequent food intake. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with families of farmers who supplied Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar from 2011 to 2016 in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. To assess Food Insecurity, the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was applied to the person responsible for purchasing and producing meals in the family. The nutritional aspect was analyzed through the measurement of hemoglobin to check for anemia among family members and using the household food availability survey, where it was possible to analyze the amount of calories available for consumption, as well as the origin and kind of food. Results 27 families were evaluated, totalizing 91 individuals. With the Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, it was found that 25.9% of the families were in light food insecurty situation. When caloric availability was assessed, 11.0% of families were considered insecure. In contrast, 59.0% of families had high calorie availability per capita (>3000 calories). Of the total households, 14.8% had more than 50.0% of the calories available for consumption coming from their own production. The foods most commonly produced for self-consumption were fresh vegetables, which are the most common ones supplied to Programa Nacional de Alimentação. In addition, the main source of kilocalories for the families were fresh and minimally processed foods. The presence of anemia in at least 1 resident was detected in 29.6% of households, with a negative correlation between the hemoglobin value (g/dL) and the Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar score. Conclusion It appears that the majority of the families of farmers supplying Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar are in a situation of Food and Nutritional Security, both by Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar and by the household availability of food. However, we cannot ignore the percentage of insecure families, since this situation can lead to other problems. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly assess the family situation of Fodd Insecurty and encourage production for self-consumption so that it contributes to food availability and quality. For this reason, the we highlight relevance of programs that strengthen the production and commercialization of food from family farming.

ABSTRACT Objective To check the relationship of the degree of food processing with overweight and body adiposity in Brazilian adults. Methods Cross-sectional study with 670 adults (334 women and 336 men) aged 20-59 years in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on population data collected using a questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall interview, and anthropometric evaluation. Consumed foods were categorized into four groups: unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods, and ultra-processed foods. Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship between degree of food processing and overweight and body adiposity. Results The contribution of unprocessed or minimally processed foods to total energy intake was a protective factor for overweight in all quartiles. The contribution of ultra-processed foods to total energy intake was a risk factor for overweight in the highest quartile (prevalence ratio, 1.308; 95% confidence interval, 1.085-1.577). High energy intake from ultra-processed foods was a risk factor for excess adiposity in the highest quartiles. Conclusion Consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with overweight and excess adiposity, whereas consumption of unprocessed and minimally processed foods is a protective factor for overweight.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify cut-off points of neck circumference measurement to predict insulin resistance in adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional analysis with data derived from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents, nationwide, multicenter, school-based survey. We evaluated 901 adolescents, aged 12 to 17, from public and private schools in two cities of Sergipe state in Brazil. We measured demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data, and insulin resistance using Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance. We used multiple linear regression and logistic analysis to evaluate the association between dependent variables (biochemical) and independent variables (anthropometric) controlled by body mass index, age, gender, and Tanner’s stage. We used the Receiver operating characteristic curve to determine cut-off points of neck circumference that can identify insulin resistance. Results The multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association between neck circumference measurement with fasting glycemia and glycated hemoglobin (p<0.001) and a negative association with insulin (p<0.024). Furthermore, in logistic regression, the measurement of neck circumference was the only anthropometric indicator positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. The cut-off points of neck circumference for predicting insulin resistance were: 30.55cm for female pubertal and 32.10cm for post-pubertal adolescents; 35.90cm for male pubertal adolescents and 36.65cm for post-pubertal adolescents. Conclusions The measurement of neck circumference is a simple, practical anthropometric indicator and can be used as a screening tool to identify insulin resistance in adolescents.

ABSTRACT Objective A methodological study aimed at performing the cultural adaptation of the Child Feeding Questionnaire for its use in Brazil. Methods We collected data in a city in the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, between March and September 2018; seven judges assessed its language standardization, and 85 parents of preschool children performed the cultural adaptation. Results The judges’ agreement level was above 80% for 54 of the 55 statements in the questionnaire. For the parents, the questionnaire is very good, they had no difficulties in using it; most of them understood the affirmative sentences and all parents considered the questionnaire important for the knowledge of child´s healthy eating. We estimated the internal consistency by considering the Kuder-Richardson coefficient for dichotomous variables, and the correlation of each item with the total score was also sought. The results showed values between 0.72 and 0.76, indicating a good consistency, which confirms the reliability of the Brazilian version of the questionnaire. Conclusions The Child Feeding Questionnaire was culturally adapted, aided by the parents. Future studies must be conducted in other Brazilian realities to allow the questionnaire to be widely used. It contributes to promoting the implementation of better practices in child feeding that favor healthy growth and development, as well as to encourage healthy habits in Brazilian families, and to reduce overweight and childhood obesity in the country.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the association between breakfast omission, overweight/obesity, abdominal adiposity, and unhealthy lifestyle of low-income adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional population study involving 571 public school students aged between 15 and 19 years old. The habit of having breakfast was assessed using a form, checking the weekly frequency of a given meal and considered as breakfast omission when these adolescents did not have breakfast for at least 5 days in the past week. Sociodemographic and lifestyle variables (sedentarism, physical activity level, and sleep duration) were also assessed. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index above a Z-score of +1, and the presence of abdominal adiposity was determined by a waist circumference/height ratio greater than 0.5. The association between breakfast omission and lifestyle variables was assessed using the chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression of the anthropometric indicators. Results The omission of breakfast was found in 31% of the adolescents and was associated with physical inactivity (p<0.001). Regarding anthropometric indicators, breakfast omission was an independent factor for determining abdominal adiposity, with a 1.8 times greater chance of having this condition among those who omitted breakfast (p=0.037). Conclusions Omitting breakfast was frequent among the students assessed, and was associated with abdominal adiposity, a cardiometabolic risk factor. Investigation and early intervention are fundamental to change this behavior.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate whether caregivers’ attitudes, beliefs, practices, alimentary habits, and nutritional status influence the alimentary habits and nutritional status of children aged six to nine years. Methods This cross-sectional study included 164 children and a family member (caregiver) each (n=164), carried out in the family health units of the municipality of Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil. Weight and height measurements were performed; each child was then evaluated by the application of both the Child Feeding Questionnaire and 24h recall (for calculating the Healthy Eating Index Revised), in addition to the assessment of adherence to healthy eating steps of the Ministry of Health, through a questionnaire. Results The results showed that the prevalence of being overweight was 18.3% in children and 32.9% in caregivers, and the prevalence of obesity was 15.9% and 37.9%, respectively. Most of the 56 children categorized as overweight also had overweight caregivers (82.1%; n=46). Concerns regarding children’s weight control were higher among caregivers responsible for overweight children (3.6±1.29). In contrast, caregivers responsible for children below or at normal weight demonstrated a greater tendency toward getting children to eat (3.3±0.97 and 3.9±0.99, respectively). The average score; of the children’s Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (50.0±13.6) was similar to that of their caregivers (56.5±12.1). Conclusions Caregivers have a direct influence on the nutritional status and eating habits of children; therefore, they should be targeted in the processes of nutritional intervention for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

ABSTRACT Objective To associate quality indicators in nutritional therapy and pre-determined clinical outcomes in a neonatal unit. Methods A total of 81 premature newborns were monitored regarding the time to initiate nutrition therapy, time to meet energy needs, energy and protein adequacy, cumulative energy deficit, adequacy of the nutritional formula and fasting periods; weight gain, the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis, mortality and length of stay in the intensive care unit. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences at 5% significance level. Results The time to start enteral nutrition and the calories infused/kg/day were predictors of length of hospital stay F(2.46)=6.148; p=0.004; R2=0.211; as well as the cumulative energy deficit+birth weight+infused calories/kg/day (F=3.52; p<0.001; R2=0.422); cumulative energy deficit+calories infused/kg/day+fasting time for Enteral Nutrition (F=15.041; p<0.001; R2=0.474) were predictors of weight gain. The time to start enteral nutrition, gestational age and birth weight were inversely associated with the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (β=-0.38; β=-0.198; β=-0.002). Early enteral nutrition predisposed to mortality (β=0.33). Gestational age, birth weight and calories infused/kg/day were inversely related to mortality (β=-0.442; β=-0.004; β=-0.08). Conclusions Considering the associations between indicators and outcomes, routine monitoring of the time to start enteral nutrition, energy adequacy, energy deficit and fasting time is recommended.

ABSTRACT Objective Was analyzed the contents of the main messages of food-based dietary guidelines to promote healthy eating, identifying nutritional, symbolic, and sustainable recommendations. Methods Food-based dietary guidelines from 90 different countries were analyzed. These guidelines were selected from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization database. For data extraction, all messages were exported to the Nvivo software and, after repeated readings, were grouped into predefined categories and corresponding dimensions based on the literature. The categories were created according to the mixed model, that is, they were created before data analysis was performed, but modified if necessary. Results Was identified 1,982 messages grouped into the following dimensions: nutritional (n=73.9%); sustainable (3.2%); symbolic (3.3%), and others (19.7%). All food-based dietary guidelines addressed nutritional aspects, and the most frequent recommendation was regarding the consumption of fats, followed by the consumption of salt and vegetables and fruits, cited by at least 75 food-based dietary guidelines. Less than half (n=40) of the food-based dietary guidelines addressed sustainable or symbolic aspects of food and 13 of the food-based dietary guidelines addressed both aspects. However, these messages represented only 6.5% of the total messages in the documents. Conclusions The recommendations for healthy eating in the food-based dietary guidelines are incipient in terms of sustainable and symbolic issues. Recommendations for adopting healthy diets need to consider the completeness of the food and its various combinations, dietary patterns, and the factors associated with their consumption, as well as the individual’s relations with food, environment, and society.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the time trend of sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of food consumption, overweight, and obesity variables among adults in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between 2006 and 2018. Methods A time series study involving data from the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel, Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey), between 2006 and 2018 in Belo Horizonte (n=25,443). The annual prevalence of the population’s sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age groups, and years of schooling), and risk and protective factors for chronic diseases related to food consumption and nutritional status were estimated. Prais-Winsten regression models were used to investigate the temporal variation of each variable. Results From 2006 to 2018, there was a significant increase in the age and educational level of the adult population of Belo Horizonte. In the same period, the prevalence of recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables increased (from 23.0% to 29.2%), while that of consumption of fat-rich meat and regular consumption of soft drinks decreased (respectively, from 41.9% to 38.0%; from 35.3% to 15.2%). In parallel, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased (respectively, from 38.5% to 53.3%; from 9.8% to 17.2%). Conclusions An important change in the population’s sociodemographic profile was noted. There are also favorable changes regarding the investigated aspects of food consumption, without these being sufficient to prevent the significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population.