RCAAP Repository

Os hematomas placentários executam funções desconhecidas em várias espécies. Na ovelha, estas estruturas ocorrem na zona arcada do placentônio (topos dos septos maternos), região onde ocorre a eritrofagocitose trofoblástica. A função real do hematoma é desconhecida na espécie bufalina, a qual é muito importante no nosso estudo. Há grande possibilidade de transferência de ferro para o feto através destas estruturas, que ocorrem por extravasamento de sangue materno em determinadas regiões dos vilos (junção materno-fetal). Foram usadas placentas de búfalos entre 4-5, 7-8, 9-10 meses de prenhez, imediatamente após sacrifício e fixadas por perfusão de vasos uterinos com paraformaldeído a 4% em 0,1M em tampão fosfato; após a perfusão, os placentônios foram fixados por imersão para microscopia de luz. Depois de 24 horas, as amostras foram cortadas e processadas para inclusão em "paraplast" e "historesina" e coradas pelos métodos de HE, azul de Toluidina, reações de Perls e PAS e tricromos de Gomori e Mallory. Os hematomas estavam presentes em determinadas regiões do placentônio, nos quais havia áreas hemorrágicas entre o epitélio uterino e o trofoblástico, nas placentas de 7-8 e 9-10 meses de prenhez. Células sangüíneas maternas foram encontradas nas células trofoblásticas, elucidando a eritrofagocitose.

Trabalhamos com 6 jabutis, 3 fêmeas e 3 machos da espécie Geochelone carbonaria, descrevendo as principais artérias responsáveis pela vascularização dos órgãos da cavidade celomática. Observamos que a aorta esquerda emite três ramos principais, para a irrigação dos órgãos da porção cranial do animal, antes de se unir com a aorta direita para formar a aorta dorsal, responsável pela irrigação da região caudal do animal, através de vários ramos que se apresentam variáveis quanto ao número e origem.

The in vitro and in vivo development of mouse morulae after cryopreservation through different methods was examined. The slow-freezing involved an equilibration in 1.5M ethylene glycol (EG) and cooled at 0.5; 0.7; 1.0 or 1.2ºC/minute. The vitrification involved a 3 minutes equilibration in 20% EG and 60 seconds in solution containing 40% EG, 18% ficoll and 10.26% sucrose. The quick-freezing involved an equilibration in 3M EG + 0.3M sucrose for 5 minutes and 2 minutes in nitrogen vapor. In all three methods the straws were thawed in air for 10 seconds and in water at 25ºC for 20 seconds and the embryos cultured in vitro for 72 hours to estimate blastocyst rate. To assess viability in vivo, frozen morulae as well as fresh embryos were transferred into recipients. The in vitro development rates with 0.5, 0.7; 1.0 and 1.2ºC/minute were, respectively, 72.3; 79.6; 76.5 and 84.8%. There was no significant difference among the cooling rates of 0.7; 1.0 and 1.2ºC/minute (p >; 0.01). The in vitro survival rates of vitrification and quick-freezing (84.5 and 74.3%, respectively) were similar to the slow-freezing. In vivo, the implantation rate and number of fetuses from embryos frozen through slow-freezing at 1.2ºC/minute, vitrification and quick-freezing were not significantly different.

Digital image analysis and planimetry are important tools for evaluation of plain wound areas submitted to local treatment. In the proposed process, perimeters of wound areas were obtained in loco by tracing over transparent sheet and further reproduced and amplified by laser copier, precluding the use of photography and developing. The contraction and granulation areas were then measured by planimeter. Epitelization area were determined by difference between the above mentioned areas. Data from measurements and determinations of areas were further transformed in cumulative Percentage of Wound Contraction (PWC), Wound Epitelization (PWE) and Wound Healing (PWH). The proposed process was tested in square shaped lesions (400 mm²), produced in both right and left thoraco-dorsal surfaces of dogs. Seventeen lesion localized in the right thoraco-dorsal region were treated by Rana catesbeiana skin, previous preserved by hypothermia (Test Group). Another 17 lesions in left thoraco-dorsal surface were treated by moistened gauze (Control Group). PWC, PWE and PWH were evaluated at the 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th POD. Macro and microscopic studies showed skin frog destruction, suggestive of rejection phenomenon. It follows that: 1. Changes in reproducing image process permitted to save costs. The reading error of planimeter was ± 0.5%; 2. PWC, PWE and PWH showed non significant differences between Groups. Such equivalence was attributed to destruction of frog skin, suggestive of rejection process.

According to anatomopathologic and isolation diagnosis and identification assays, a study on tuberculosis in 133 (7.7%) slaughtered water buffaloes has demonstrated that localized alterations occurred in 72.1% of infected animals, generalized alterations occurred in 27.9% of them, 60.3% of lesions were presented in the respiratory system, 20.3% in the head and mouth conjugate, 9.6% in the carcasse, 6.3% in the abdominal cavity and 3.8% in the breast; from 49 identified strains 33 (67.3%) were of M. bovis, two (4.1%) of M. gordonae, eight (16.3%) of M. fortuitum, two (4.1%) of M. avium complex and four (8.2%) of rapid and schotocromogenic growth strains. The predominant M. bovis strain has corresponded to 70.4% of species identified in the lungs and 87.5% of them identified in the respiratory system. Respiratory system was the primary route of infection, which had a certain progressive disease characteristics.

The selection of cocks for reproduction by comb development has been employed usually in the aviculture; however, studies have been necessary to establish the efficiency of this method of selection. The objective of this paper was to compare the seminal characteristics in cocks selected to reproduction by comb development. Sixty-five broiler breeder males (AgRoss strain) were selected to breed at 20th week old and divided in two groups, A: birds without comb (n=33) and B: birds with comb (n=32). To evaluate seminal characteristics, semen was collected weekly between 24 to 71 weeks of age. Group means were compared by the Student's t and Wilcoxon tests while profile analysis were performed for to verify effects of group, age, and group x age. Seminal volume, sperm concentration, motility and vigor were greater (p < 0.01) for group B from 24-31 weeks of age. Percentage of sperm morphological defects was greater in group A during 24-27 (p < 0.01) and 32-35 (p < 0.05) weeks of age. Mean body weight was higher for group B between 24-39 weeks of age (p < 0.05) and for group A between 60-71 weeks of age. There were no main effects of group for seminal characteristics or body weight (p >; 0.05), but effects of age (p < 0.001) and group x age interaction were significant (p < 0.05), except for vigor (p >; 0.05). Low or no correlations were observed between seminal characteristics and body weight. In conclusion, the method to select cocks by observation of comb development at 20 weeks of age showed efficient.

Foi avaliada a capacidade de uma vacina experimental oleosa inativada contra o herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 induzir anticorpos contra o herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 (BHV-1.1 e BHV-1.2) e herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 (BHV-5). Bovinos foram vacinados com duas doses de vacina, aplicadas com um intervalo de 90 dias. Foi medido o título de anticorpos nos dias 0, 30, 90, 120, 180, 270 e 450 após a primeira vacinação (DPV). Os títulos de anticorpos contra BHV-1.1 e BHV-1.2 foram significativamente maiores que os contra BHV-5, ao longo do experimento. Enquanto todos os animais soroconverteram para BHV-1.1 e BHV-1.2 após a primeira dose de vacina, apenas dois em 23 animais (8,7%) soroconverteram para o BHV-5. No entanto, após o reforço, todos os animais soroconverteram contra BHV-1.1, 1.2 e BHV-5. Aos 450 DPV, 79% (15/19 animais) e 84% (10/19) ainda se encontravam soropositivos para BHV-1.1 e BHV-1.2, enquanto apenas 50% dos animais (10/19) se demonstraram positivos contra o BHV-5. Foi concluído que, embora uma vacina com alta capacidade de indução de anticorpos contra o BHV-1 possa induzir anticorpos capazes de neutralizar o BHV-5, os níveis de tais anticorpos são significativamente mais baixos e de menor duração do que aqueles induzidos contra BHV-1.1 e BHV-1.2.

The Boophilus microplus tick poses great economic and cattle health problems that causes annual costs of one billion dollars in Brazil. The current study sought to investigate preoviposition stage of B. microplus in natural conditions. A total of 300 engorged female ticks were used, in each of the Winter of 1998 and the Summer of 1998/1999, at the Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. On cloudy and humid days, engorged female traveled very little, while at temperatures of less than 15ºC and relative humidity of 95%, they were practically stationary. They did not travel at night or during rainfall. They traveled in a similar way in the Winter and in the Summer, laying almost the same amount of eggs (being 0.12 g and 0.11 g, respectively).

The objective of the present study was to describe a set of lesions caused by entanglement of Sotalia fluviatilis accidentally captured by gillnet on July, 23, 1995, in the Northern Rio de Janeiro State (21º37'S-041º01'W), Southeastern of Brazil. The specimen presented lacerated lesions of the skin and subcutaneous tissue around the posterior extremity of the rostrum. Nylon twines were found associated to these lesions. Bone and teeth lesions were also observed in the underlying area and affected the maxillaries, pre-maxillaries and mandibles. The lesions were likely caused by non-lethal entanglement in fishing gears. Abnormalities in the growth layer pattern of the damaged teeth between the third and sixth growth layers suggest that this encounter had taken place when the specimen was around three years old. The data indicate that non-lethal encounters with fishing gears may cause serious health problems to small cetaceans and reduce their lifetime. This is the first description of fisheries-related chronic lesions in S. fluviatilis.

Flavonoids have been isolated with several biological activities and there are correlations among the consumption of rich foods in flavonoids and heart diseases. The 7-glucosyl-apigenin, 7- bisulfate-apigenin, 7-glucosyl-luteolin, 7-bisulfate-luteolin flavonoids and bixin and norbixin were isolated from urucu seeds. The aim of this study was to test the bixin and norbixin dyes and quercetin flavonoid from urucu and bixin with quercetin association to obtain its hypolipidemic effects in rabbits. Induction of hyperlipidaemia was performed with 1% cholesterol + 0,1% colic acid during 28 days. The substances were applied through the oral route, in capsule, in the doses of 0,01 mol/kg body weight. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols have quantified from serum, after 28 days, and showed in mg/dL The best results for total cholesterol reduction and the HDL-cholesterol elevated levels maintenance was obtained with bixin. On the other hand, the best results for triacylglycerols reduction have been obtained with quercetin. The bixin and quercetin association showed efficacy to HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols and norbixin to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. These results stimulate further research on the use of these substances as pharmacs in the heart diseases treatment and/or prevention.

Foi descrita a distribuição do arco aórtico de oito animais da espécie Agouti paca, sendo duas fêmeas adultas e seis filhotes jovens (3 machos e 3 fêmeas) que foram obtidos no Setor de Animais Silvestres da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias -- Campus de Jaboticabal. Após morte natural, seus vasos arteriais foram injetados com Neoprene latex 650 (Du Pont do Brasil S.A.) coloridos e colocados em uma solução de formalina a 10%. Depois de dissecados, notou-se que o arco aórtico desses animais emite a artéria subclávia e o tronco braquiocefálico. Este último dá origem à artéria carótida comum esquerda e a um tronco, do qual surgem a artéria carótida comum direita e a artéria subclávia direita. Estas emitem, em cada antímero, a artéria vertebral, a artéria tronco costocervical, a artéria cervical superficial, a artéria axilar e a artéria torácica interna. Em apenas um animal a artéria carótida comum esquerda apresenta-se na forma de um sifão, logo após sua origem na artéria subclávia direita. Nos demais animais, a artéria carótida comum esquerda apresenta um trajeto retilíneo.

Thirty sets of genital organs from adult goats were collected in specialized slaughter houses. Two procedures were utilized in this experiment: 1) injection of red dyed neoprene latex 450 followed by fixation in a 10% formaldehyde water solution; 2) injection of cinabrium dyed gelatin followed by a diafanization process using the method of Spalteholz. It was observed that the vessels responsible for the blood irrigation of the womb tubes come from the ovarian arteries. The ovarian arteries in all samples had their origin in abdominal aortas varying only in their position, uterine, lateral or uterine lateral. Besides being responsible for the blood irrigation of the ovaries, the ovarian arteries also created branches to the womb. The womb tube divides into a mid tube artery, which irrigates the mid portions of the tubes and into a stream tube artery, which is responsible for the irrigation of the caudal portion of the womb tube and the extremity of the uterus. It also irrigates the skull tube artery, that originates from the womb tube artery and arterially supplies the skull portions of the womb tubes. Histologically, all the segments of the tubes (isthmus, phial and inphundibulum) showed a simple, cylindrical, ciliated epithelium and were also constituted by the mucous and the muscular layers by a serous membrane.

The structure of the ductuli efferentes in the epididymis of the dog were studied by light microscopy. The efferent ductules connect the rete testis and the initial segment of the epididymis. Their epididymal segment is lined by a low simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium, which show basically nonciliated and ciliated cells. The morphological characteristics of ductuli efferentes are discussed in this report.

In vivo internal and external pelvimetry was carried out in 255 mixed female buffaloes. A Menissier-Vissac pelvimeter was used for the internal measurements. The results were compared to age, heart girth, body weight, height and length. In order to compare the pelvic measurements, the animals were equitably divided into 3 groups (n=85) according to parturition occurrence and frequency (nuliparous, primiparous and multiparous). The internal transverse (horizontal) pelvic diameters, dorsal and ventral bi-iliac and the sacro-pubic (vertical) were respectively: 17.1 ± 2.17 cm; 15.7 ± 2.11 cm and 22.3 ± 2.51 cm; and the external bi-iliac (hipwidth), bi-isquiatic (pin width) and ilioisquiatic (rump length): 59.8 ± 6.13 cm; 32.4 ± 3.56 cm and 44.5 ± 3.31 cm, respectively. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.01) were obtained for all measurements but heart girth was found to have the highest correlations to pelvic measurements. Adjusted means by heart girth revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) for the 3 groups in respect to internal pelvimetry. However, as it concerns to external pelvimetry, significant differences were found only between the nuliparous and the other two groups for the bi-iliac and ilioisquiatic; for the bi-isquiatic diameter no significant differences were found. The internal pelvimetry was found to be less correlated to the body size and more evidently affected by the successive parturition occurrence.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by microscopic analysis, the quality, the type and orientation of the tissue developed in bone regeneration area, during simultaneous lengthening of radius and ulna using the Ilizarov external fixator. A subperiosteal osteotomy of the distal diaphysis was performed and the bone distraction was performed at rate of 0.5 mm twice a day. A two-ring and four telescopic rod configuration was used and bone distraction started at day six after surgery. Fifteen adult crossbreed dogs weighing from 17 to 30 kg were used. These dogs were divided in five subgroups (A, B, C, D, E.) each containing three animals, which were submitted to euthanasia after the following procedure: A- eight days of distraction, B- 15 days of distraction, C- 22 days of distraction, D- 28 days of distraction and eight days of neutral fixation, E- 28 days of distraction, 60 days of neutral fixation, and 45 days with the external fixator removed. No interference in bone regeneration seemed to occur because of the type and location of the osteotomy, as well as the rate of distraction. Bone repair was efficient and it was predominantly formed by intramembranous ossification, although the presence of cartilage was observed in subgroups B and C.

The present study was accomplished in a farm in the municipality of Viradouro, in Northeast region of São Paulo State, aiming at monitoring during a period of 8 month the serum neutralizing antibody titers against BHV-1, in calves born from BHV-1 naturally infected or not infected cows. These cows were vaccinated and revaccinated against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) before parturition. The blood serum of 34 calves, separate in four groups, were analysed in this experiment. The results demonstrated that in groups of calves borned from soropositive and unvaccinated cows, the colostral antibodies persisted, in mean, until the calves were 3 months old. Calves borned from vaccinated cows, independent of these cows being infected or not, in general, presented means of antibody titers higher than the means presented by calves from unvaccinated cows. However, not even these antibody titers impeded the calves infection owing to high prevalence of BHV-1 (86.8%) in the locality of the study. The high prevalence of BHV-1 (86.8%) in the locality of the study resulted in the detection of maternal antibodies, by the serum neutralization test, in calves borned from uninfected cows, probably as a result of cows seroconversion in the interval between the screening test and parturition. The high prevalence also led to the infection of the calves from unvaccinated cows after the decline of colostral antibodies.

The present study evaluated the effect of two seasons of the year (dry and rainy) on the ovarian characteristics of Bos indicus slaughter cows in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Ovaries (n = 10) were collected on November and December of 1998 and from January to October of 1999. In the laboratory the ovaries were evaluated for weight (g), volume (Vol. (cm³) = 3/4 p x length /2 x width/2 x thickness/2), number of corpus luteum, number of follicles >; 9 mm of diameter, total number of follicles < 9 mm, number of oocytes viable and degenerated. The main effect of the season (dry or rainy) was estimated by analysis of variance (t test), for completely randomized design. Analysis of simple correlation (Sperman rank correlations) was performed among the variables studied, which were adjusted for the season effect. The results demonstrated that the effect of ovaries weight (5.1 x 6.5 g), total follicles (10.1 x 13.7), corpus luteum (0.32 x 0.47, p < 0.05) and the frequency of viable oocytes (19.6% x 35.6%) on the total oocytes recovered varied significantly (p < 0.01) between the dry and rainy season, respectively. Correlation analysis (r) showed significant coefficients (p < 0.01) between weight and volume of the ovaries (r = 0.78), weight and total follicles (r = 0.32), weight and corpus luteum (r = 0.41), total follicles and viable oocytes (r = 57), among others. It is concluded that important changes in ovarian function, based on the production and quality of oocytes, can be estimated between the dry and the rainy season. Therefore, based on those characteristics, the rainy season is the most appropriate for implantation of reproductive programs in commercial herds.

Estabeleceram-se os valores de referência do leucograma de bovinos da raça Jersey, criados no Estado de São Paulo, avaliando-se a influência exercida pelos fatores etários em amostras de sangue colhidas de 253 fêmeas clinicamente sadias e não-reagentes ao antígeno do Vírus da Leucose dos Bovinos. Nas amostras de sangue, que continham EDTA como anticoagulante, foi realizada a contagem do número total de leucócitos, em câmara de Neubauer modificada, utilizando-se o líquido de Thoma como diluidor e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos, efetuada em esfregaços sangüíneos, corados pelo método de Rosenfeld. Demonstrou-se que o leucograma desses bovinos sofria influência dos fatores etários. O número total de leucócitos e linfócitos aumentou até 12 meses de idade, estabilizando-se entre 12 e 24 meses, para, a seguir, diminuir, progressivamente, com o desenvolvimento etário, sendo o quadro leucocitário predominantemente linfocitário. Essas variações foram atribuídas, principalmente, ao comportamento do número absoluto de linfócitos. O número absoluto do total de neutrófilos não demonstrou variações significativas que pudessem ser atribuídas à influência dos fatores etários, mas o número absoluto de neutrófilos com núcleo em bastonete foi maior nos bezerros com até 6 meses de idade. O número absoluto de eosinófilos aumentou gradativamente com o desenvolvimento etário, não se observando variações significativas do número absoluto de basófilos e monócitos. Os valores de referência determinados para o leucograma, expressos em números absolutos, foram os seguintes: leucócitos- 11.847 ± 3.374 células/mm³; neutrófilos bastonete- 80 ± 122 células/mm³; neutrófilos segmentado- 2.457 ± 1.311 células/mm³; total de neutrófilos- 2.537 ± 1.354 células/mm³; eosinófilos- 335 ± 415 células /mm³; basófilos- 84 ± 108 células/mm³; linfócitos- 8.716 ± 3.028 células/mm³; monócitos- 174 ± 132 células/mm³.

Buffalo has peculiar reproductive patterns, which make artificial insemination programs a hard and expensive task. Artificial insemination in fixed time is advantaged because females show low incidence of homosexual behaviour and strong dominance relationships, which leads to a poor accuracy in estrus detection. The aim of this experiment was to compare the efficiency of two different GnRH agonists in the GnRH/PGF2alpha/GnRH protocol (Buserelin vs Lecirelin). Two hundred and seventy buffaloes with 45 to 60 days postpartum were synchronized and fixed-time inseminated. The animals were kept on pasture in two farms at São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). Cows in Group 1 (n = 132) received, intramuscularly, 20 µg of Buserelin at a random day of the estrous cycle and, seven days later, 15 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha. Two days after prostaglandin administration, 10 µg Buserelin were intramuscularly injected. Cows in Group 2 (n = 138) were treated with the same protocol, but with intra-muscular administrations of Lecirelin (50 µg in the first administration and 25 µg in the second). Artificial insemination was performed 16 hours after the last injection in both groups. Pregnancies were diagnosed by ultrasonography (Pie Medical 480, 5.0 and 7.5 MHz linear probe), 30 days after artificial insemination. Conception rates were not influenced by farm (P >; 0.05) and were similar in both groups [Group 1: 47.0% (62/132); Group 2: 50.0% (69/138); P >; 0.05]. Results show that Lecirelin is as efficient as Buserelin to synchronize ovulation for fixed-time artificial insemination in buffaloes.

O desempenho de um ELISA comercial (Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus antibody test Kit, Herdcheck®, IDEXX Laboratories Inc., USA) para a identificação de anticorpos anti-herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 (BHV-1), em soro bovino, foi avaliado em 133 amostras de soro de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis), sem histórico de vacinação para IBR, da Região do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo. Tomando-se a técnica de soroneutralização como referência, o ELISA indireto apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade relativa de 97,14 e 46,03%, respectivamente. A concordância estimada pelo índice kappa, entre os dois métodos, foi de 0,44 IC (0,29-0,59), utilizando um intervalo de confiança de 95%.