RCAAP Repository

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ovulation using PMSG, GnRH, Estradiol Benzoate and PGF2a in combination with Crestar? protocol and AI at fixed time. Three hundred forty eight multiparous cows, crossbreed Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) X Charolais (Bos taurus taurus) were divided in two groups: 179 suckling cows and 169 non-suckling cows. Those cows received a Crestar® protocol for follicular growth synchronization consisting of a subcutaneous implant with 3mg of norgestomet and 3mg of norgestomet plus 5mg of estradiol valerate injection (day of implant insert). The implant was removed after nine days. Cows were submitted to five treatments for pharmacological control of ovulation and were artificially inseminated at fixed time: T1 - (n=70): injection of physiological solution 48h after implant removal (D 12); T2 - (n=68): 0.75mg of estradiol benzoate 24h after implant removal (D 11); T3 - (n=70): 150mg of PGF2a at same day of implant removal (D 9) and 0.75mg of estradiol benzoate 24h after implant removal (D 11); T4 - (n=70): the cows received 500 UI of PMSG at implant removal (D 10) and T5 - (n=70): cows received 500mg of GnRH 48h after implant removal (D 12). Those cows were artificially inseminated 54-56h after implant removal. Pregnancy rate was analyzed by logistical regression program. There were no differences among treatments (P>;0.05) 35.7, 31.4, 22.0, 37.0 and 42.8% for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a histologia da via genital masculina e hermafrodita dos escargots das espécies Achatina fulica e Achatina monochromatica. Foram usados 10 exemplares adultos de cada espécie para análise histológica. Após o processo seletivo, pesagem e tomada das medidas da concha, os espécimes foram sacrificados por congelamento em freezer, a -2ºC por aproximadamente 10min. Para a exposição dos órgãos reprodutores foi efetuada uma incisão longitudinal iniciada na extremidade cranial e, acompanhando a torção do corpo, até a extremidade caudal. Cada animal foi dissecado, sobre uma placa de Petri, sob imersão em formol a 10% para melhor preservação dos tecidos. Foram coletados fragmentos representativos de cada segmento do sistema reprodutor e observou-se que a estrutura histológica dos mesmos não apresentou diferenças notórias, com exceção do ovotestis do Achatina fulica, no qual se constatou um número maior de células pigmentadas no epitélio germinativo do que, nesse mesmo epitélio, no Achatina monochromatica.

With the aim to evaluate the risk of citrus pulp to induce acute rumen lactic acidosis (ARLA), 15 rumen cannulated cattle didn't adapted to concentrates were randomly allocated in 3 groups: G1- CONTROL - group fed only the basal diet; G2 - SUCROSE animals with ARLA induced by rumen administration of sucrose; G3 CITRUS PULP animals received citrus pulp into rumen (1.65% of BW). Blood and rumen samples were drawn throughout the next 24 h to determine pH, lactic acid concentration and the packet cell volume, blood base excess. Clinical signs were also recorded and food intake followed by the next 7 days. Sucrose caused a systemic and ruminal acidosis and characteristic ARLA signs such as, apathy, dehydration, diarrhea and tachycardia, while citrus pulp gave rise to mild and brief rumen acidosis, reaching the lowest pH (5.35) at the 6th h, without any changing in the blood pH and any typical clinical sign, but temporary reduction in the rumination and excretion of semi liquid feces. Appetite was fully recovered after two and seven days in the pulp and sucrose group, respectively. These results showed that citrus pulp may be used as a feedstuff for cattle with low risk to cause ARLA.

The study was carried out to evaluate the inclusion of increasing levels (0, 3,0 and 6.0%) of fish silage (SSFP), in the ration. The parameters studied were urea, uric acid, total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol and lipoproteins (LDL, HDL and VLDL). Eighteen female piglets Moura weighting and crossbred Duroc x Moura, were used with 24,0± 3,0 kg in average weight and 90 days of age and eighteen male pigs Moura and crossbred Duroc x Moura, with 31,5± 5,0 kg in average weight and 70 days of age in a randomized design with 3 treatments. The results showed no effect to the addition up to 6,0% of SSPF in the swine diet neither for in growth, nor to the serum parameters, even if had been found alteratum on the urea plasmatic concentrations experiments. All the parameters was closed to the normal value recommended in the literature.

The monitoration of the consumption of different minerals mixtures was evaluated in 84 crossbred buffaloes distributed in two farms (1 and 2) located in Meso-area of Paraense's Northeast for the evaluation of the cost benefit of each product. The farms presented pastures of the type Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandú where the animals were maintained for 14 months. The animals were divided in two lots. The lot 1 of each farm received a commercial product of mineral supplementation recommended for buffalos (Topbúfalo Matsuda®) and the lot 2, the commercial product of conventional mineral supplementation of the property, in which was indicated for the bovine species. In Finance 1, the consumption of the mineral mixture to be tested was inferior to the consumption of the conventional mineral mixture and in Finance 2, the consumption of both lots was similar. The commercial product recommended for buffalos in pasture regime, in both systems, it promoted a better acting in the earnings of weight of the buffalos when compared to commercial products recommended for the bovine species. The medium weight of the hot carcass of the animals that consumed the mineral mixture to be tested was superior the one of the animals that received the conventional mineral mixture. The expense with the mineral supplementation was superior with the conventional products in both farms, with smaller net yields than the supplementation to be tested. Was ended that the productive efficiency of the animals using a recommended supplementation for buffalos in pasture regime overcomes the productive efficiency of buffalos when a supplementation is used recommended for bovine.

With the aim to establish reference values of the number somatic cell of milk from Jersey cows, raised in the State of São Paulo, during the first month of lactation, as well as to evaluate the influence of the colostral phase, 418 milk samples were examined obtained from healthy mammary glands without bacterial growth. Milk samples were collected aseptically before milking and number somatic cell determined by electronic counting and by California Mastitis Test. was demonstrated the significant influence the somatic cells in the first month of lactation. It was found that the transition of the colostrum secretion for milk in respect to somatic cells count have been finished in the 15º day of lactation, being recommended the adoption of the following reference values: in the colostrum, getting in the first of 24 hours of lactation between 472.405 and 2.003.921cells/ml, in the understood period from 2º until 15º day of lactation values between 103.920 and 1.298.361 cells/ml and starting from 15 day of lactation between 37.714 and 205.549 cells/ml.

To study volemia and renal function in cattle with acute rumen lactic acidosis (RLA) five Jersey (J) (Bos taurus) and five Gir (G) (Bos indicus) steers were used. Blood, urine and ruminal fluid samples were collected throughout 24h after RLA induction. Higher levels of hipovolemia (p < 0.00001), and total rumen volume (p < 0.05), lower glomerular filtration (p < 0.003) and urinary volume (p < 0.05) were detected in the G steers. Nevertheless, these steers excreted more efficiently H+(p < 0.0001); although higher urinary D-lactate fractional excretion was seen in the G steers similar amounts of D-lactate were excreted by both breeds throughout the trial. Lower urinary levels of L-lactate were excreted by G steers. The higher the urinary pH, the lower the D-lactate fractional excretion in both breeds.

Foram feitos ensaios de susceptibilidade a antibióticos em 48 cepas de Vibrio isoladas do cultivo do Litopenaeus vannamei no Ceará. Para os testes de difusão foram utilizados 11 antibióticos. A espécie que apresentou maior percentagem de resistência aos antimicrobianos foi V. cholerae, onde 33,33% das 12 cepas testadas mostraram-se resistentes a sulfazotrim, 25% a ampicilina e 33,33% a ceftriaxona.

During the last years, the national poultry keeping has suffered constant challenges, having as objective to diversify the consuming market of the broiler to around of the world. However, each market presents different requirements, as in the case of the European market that establishes the exclusion of antibiotics as promotional of growth in the feeding of the broilers. Aiming at this problematic one, this study was become fullfilled, with the objective to analyze the results of the association of the butyric and lactic acids as additives in the ration of broilers, in comparison to the results gotten for the usually used promoters of growth in the diets of broilers. They had been evaluated: the animal performance, humoral immunology and intestinal morfometric of the birds. 1400 male chickens of the commercial ancestry Ross had been used, dividing them in five groups with different treatments to that if it relates to the additive use. Being a group it has controlled absent of additive, a group with butyric acid, a group with lactic acid, the fourth group with the association of butyric and lactic acids, and the fifth group with avilamicina (antibiotic) as promotional of traditionally used growth in the production of broilers. The performance results had indicated that the interaction of acid ones was significant in the initial phase, mean while did not occur an additive effect of acid ones, being the use of the butyric acid separately more recommendable during this phase. Already in the growth phase, the interaction was significant with an additive effect, recommending its use in the rations of growth. In accordance with the average headings of antibodies gotten in the study, the interaction was significant in the third sampling and showed a synergic effect of acid ones, being the combination of acids in question a powerful modulator of the humoral immunity. Meanwhile, the results gotten in the analyses of intestinal morfometric had not been conclusive. In general terms, one requires more organic acid studies that confirm the use of as the promotional ones of growth.

This work evaluates the estrous cycle, gestation and lactation of rats treated with ivermectin. Control (GI) rats received distilled water; and the remaining were treated during 45 days with ivermectin (GII=0.5; GIII=1.0; GIV=2.0; GV=4.0; GVI=8.0 and GVII=10.0 mg/kg) by the oral route, the drug being administered every three day, in a total of 15 administrations. Colpocytological examinations were then performed during 15 consecutive days. Four animals from each group were euthanized, and samples of ovaries and uteri were taken for histological evaluations. The remaining animals were mated and treated throughout the gestation period and further until the 15th postpartum day. Colpocytologic examinations revealed that the animals of groups II, III, IV, V, VI and VII presented a higher incidence of the estrus phase, in comparison with the control group (group I). Histopathologic studies showed that the groups treated with ivermectin presented an increased concentration of hyperplasic endometrial glands, whereas the morphology of the ovary was not altered. The treatment did not affect the gestation lenght, the number of newborns nor did it caused congenital mortality or newborns malformations. During lactation, there was a significant slowering of the body weight gain of the litter. It is concluded that the treatment of female rats with ivermectin increases the incidence of the estrus phase. In addition, a definite deleterious effect is exerted on nursing animals as revealed by the reduced body weight gain of the litter.

The effects of herbicides and it's adjuvants can be responsible for several alterations in reproductive organs of male and female. Since glyphosate-Roundup penetrates in the cell, it reduces the activity of StAR protein and aromatase enzime. This study evaluated the development of pubertal characteristics in animals receiving oral dosages of glyphosate-Roundup by gavage, by daily body weight measurement and verification of preputial separation (PPS). 32 male rats were allocated in 4 groups of treatments (0, 5, 50 e 250 mg/kg) from 23 to 53 days of age. The body weight from 23 to 53 days was compared using analysis of MANCOVA, Kruskall-Wallis was used to compare the day at PPS and ANOVA was used to compare the body weight at PPS. Age at PPS was different between groups 50 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg (36,6±0,5; 36 days; p<0,05), 250 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg (37,2±0,4; 36 days; p<0,001) and 5 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg (36,5±0,5; 36 days; p<0,05). The body weight at PPS was higher in group of 250 mg/kg n comparison to groups of 0 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg (142,7 ± 9,3; 128,9 ± 5,4; 126,1 ± 8,8 g, respectively; p<0,001). The body weight of group 50 mg/kg (134,1 ± 9,2g) wasn't differ from another groups. Probably, the daily exposure to glyphosate-Roundup causes endocrine disruption in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis during sexual maturation, because it delayed the onset of puberty.

Foi estudada a macro-anatomia do sistema reprodutor do escargot das espécies Achatina fulica e Achatina monochromatica e estabelecidos os parâmetros morfológicos comparativos de ambas espécies. Foram utilizados 15 exemplares de cada espécie com quase 12 meses de idade pertencentes à mesma família. E estes foram sacrificados por congelamento (-2ºC). A coleta do sistema reprodutor foi feita após a retirada da concha e dissecação do animal. Verificou-se que, apesar dos animais terem sido mantidos nas mesmas condições ambientais e alimentares bem como submetidos ao mesmo tipo de seleção, o desenvolvimento dos órgãos reprodutores apresentou certa variação. Os aspectos morfológicos de alguns segmentos do sistema reprodutor, nas duas espécies, diferem macroscopicamente, porém, a disposição e a localização destes segmentos são idênticas.

Acupuncture promotes peripherical sensory stimulation and local and distant release of neuropeptides and can influence bone healing. The aim of this controlled and prospective clinical study was to evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) in bone healing and bone mineral content of canine radius-ulna fracture after closed reduction and external immobilization. Ten dogs with radius-ulna fractures were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Group 1 dogs (n=5) received percutaneous EA immediately after closed reduction and external immobilization; after this first treatment, the frequency of application was twice a week during 4 weeks. Group 2 dogs (n=5) did not receive EA treatment. Radiographic score (RS) system and Radiographic optical densitometry (ROD) were used to assessment of fracture healing at the first day of clinical evaluation (M1), 30 days (M30) and 45 days after treatment (M45). Values of P<0.05 were considered significant. Mean±SD ROD values (mmAl) between groups 1 and 2 did not differ significantly (P=0.15) at all periods, respectively M1 values (4.94±0.94; 4.3±1.14), M30 (5.19±1,24; 4,91±1.45) and M45 (5.16±1.12; 5.31±1.71). Mean±SD RS values of group 1 at M30 (2.8±0.83) was significantly different (P=0.003) from M45 (4.6±0.54). However, mean±SD RS values of group 2 at M30 (4.4±1.51) was not significantly different (P=0.30) from M45 (5.16±0.75). Comparisons of mean±SD RS values between groups 1 and 2 showed no significant difference at M30 (P=0.07) and M45 (P=0.19). Results demonstrated that EA treatment did not accelerate bone healing and did not enhance bone mineral density in canine radius-ulna fracture during the 45 days of follow-up.

This present research work has allowed a statistical modeling for conidial adhesion and the potential fungus Metarhizium anisopliae ability to lesser the mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus control, that is an important pest of poultry production, which causes damage to the birds by the development of injuries in the digestion tract, and yet it serves as vector of many avian pathogens. The study of the host cuticle adhesion is very important, whereas the adhesion process represents a complex event, as it is the first occurrence in the pathogen-host cycle, taking place after fungus deposition on the insect, aiming the penetration phase. Adult insects of A. diaperinus were exposed to three concentrations of the fungus: 1x10³, 1x10(6) e 1x10(9) conidia/mL, for 5, 10 and 15 minutes of exposition to each conidial concentration. In order to verify the ability control of M. anisopliae, the insects were forced to the displacement on the conidial mass growth onto PDA medium for 10 minutes, resulting in a 8,1x10(8) conidia/mL inocullum potential, and the mortality was monitored during 21 days, obtaining 74% of mortality in larvae after 48h and 50% of mortality in adults after 15 days, under fungus exposition. ANOVA has showed that there is influence and interaction between both effects: concentration and time.

A adaptação metabólica é um processo importante para a produção de leite em vacas de alta produção leiteira. A fisiologia das mudanças hematológicas e endócrinas durante o pós-parto é complexa e muitas respostas homeostáticas são importantes para obter o máximo da produção de leite. O perfil hematológico é uma ferramenta diagnóstica útil nos diferentes estágios do ciclo produtivo de vacas leiteiras. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar alguns parâmetros hematológicos em diferentes estágios do ciclo produtivo de vacas leiteiras e correlacioná-los com o cortisol. Foram selecionadas 210 vacas multíparas, distribuídas por semanas: -3, -1 (antes do parto) e 2, 5, 8 e 11 (após o parto). Os parâmetros hematológicos avaliados foram hematócrito, concentração de hemoglobina, contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos. O estresse durante o periparto foi avaliado pela concentração de cortisol analisado através do método de radioinmunoensaio de fase sólida. Todos os parâmetros determinados (hematológicos e cortisol) estavam dentro do intervalo de referência para a espécie. Os maiores valores de cortisol foram observados na segunda semana após o parto. Alterações hematológicas associadas a sinais de alto estresse não foram observadas no presente estudo e isto provavelmente se deve ao estado de saúde satisfatório dos animais durante o período de experimento e às condições adequadas de manejo e nutrição.

Foram estudados índices zootécnicos de 2.248 animais registrados na Associação Brasileira de Criadores do Cavalo Pantaneiro (ABCCP), no período compreendido entre 1972 e 2000. Os dados foram analisados usando o programa SAS e o DFREML para estimação de parâmetros genéticos. Na análise dos índices corporais, o índice dáctilo torácico (IDT) apresentou animais intermediários (nem leves e nem aptos para tração). O índice de BARON e CREVAT também confirmou este resultado. Na determinação do índice peitoral (IP), os animais foram considerados, em geral, favoráveis à velocidade por apresentarem membros longos. Já no índice corporal (IC), a maioria dos animais não foi apta à velocidade e nem à tração (mediolíneos). Através da análise dos índices de conformação verificou-se que, em geral, os Pantaneiros são mediolíneos, aptos para velocidade e possuem bom desenvolvimento torácico, proporcionando velocidade na lida do gado e resistência a longas caminhadas. Na análise dos fatores ambientais, verificou-se que nos últimos anos alguns índices têm sofrido alterações, provavelmente devido à seleção já exercida pelo criador, que pode afetar a capacidade de adaptação dos cavalos.

A distrofia muscular dos cães Golden Retriever (GRMD), uma miopatia degenerativa causada pela ausência da distrofina, é geneticamente homóloga à distrofia muscular de Duchenne que acomete humanos, portanto, estes cães são considerados modelos experimentais para estudos em terapia celular. Seu sucesso depende da imunossupressão adequada. A ciclosporina A é indicada para tal e a monitorização de suas concentrações sangüíneas e efeitos adversos são essenciais para viabilizar a terapia. Foram estudados cães GRMD e normais da mesma raça, submetidos à terapia com CsA, associada, nos GRMD, ao transplante de células tronco. Foram avaliados os possíveis efeitos do fármaco sobre a função renal, sendo consideradas as manifestações clínicas, urinálise, testes de função glomerular, e concentrações séricas de uréia, creatinina, sódio e potássio. Como resultado houve aumento discreto na uréia sérica de ambos os grupos; cilindrúria e proteinúria e aumento da densidade urinária no grupo dos GRMD. Concluímos que a CsA pode causar lesão aguda de túbulos renais, principalmente em GRMDs; os mesmos também reagem de modo distinto com relação à homeostase de íons e função renal. Entretanto, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento podem prevenir o agravamento das lesões e desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal.

Neospora caninum is considered the main cause of bovine abortion worldwide. The correct laboratorial diagnose is very important to identify the infected animals and to apply control measure. The objetive of this study was to show the persistence period of colostral antibodies in calves. Eight newborn Holstein Friesan calves, males, were selected from N. caninum soronegative dams. Pre-colostral blood samples were collected of these calves and all of them were seronegative to N. caninum. They were fed with two liters of pooled colostrum from seropositive cows within two hours after birth. Blood samples were collected and tested weekly until the animals turned negative. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to N. caninum using indirect fluorescence antibody test at 1:50; 1: 100 and 1:200 dilutions. Antibodies were not detected from three out of eight calves and they were excluded from the study. The remaining 5 calves seroconverted in all dilutions at the fifth day after colostrums ingestion. At 1:50 dilution, one calf remained positive for 21 weeks, two for 20 weeks and one for 13 weeks. At 1:100, one calf was positive for 15 weeks and the remaining 4 calves for 13 weeks. At 1:200, each calf was positive for 1, 7, 12, 12 and 13 weeks, respectively. These results demonstrate that the colostral antibody to N. caninum may persist until 21 weeks after birth in calves and it's very important to exclud the calves at the first month of age in the seroprevalence studies to avoid the false-positive results.

O Parvovírus Canino (CPV) é um patógeno emergente em cães, isolado pela primeira vez em 1978, nos Estados Unidos. A amostra original de 1978 foi designada CPV tipo 2 (CPV-2). Entretanto, análises de isolados de CPV dos Estados Unidos, por enzimas de restrição e anticorpos monoclonais demonstraram que cerca de 1979, uma amostra variante, designada CPV tipo 2a (CPV-2a) tornou-se prevalente. Subseqüentemente, uma nova amostra antigênica, designada CPV tipo 2b (CPV-2b) também foi observada por análises de isolados de CPV de várias partes do mundo, embora a proporção fosse diferente entre os países. Nesse estudo, foi utilizado o teste de Inibição da Hemaglutinação (HI) com um painel de anticorpos monoclonais para a tipagem de 29 amostras fecais de parvovirus canino, coletadas de cães sintomáticos de 1980 a 1986 e de 1990 a 1995. Os resultados indicaram uma forte predominância do tipo antigênico 2a indicando que a epizootia de CPV no Brasil seguiu o mesmo padrão observados na Europa e países Asiáticos.

This study evaluated the phagocytosis of propidium iodide-labeled Staphylococcus aureus (PI-Sa) by circulating leukocytes obtained from five Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL)-negative cows, five naturally EBL-infected, non-lymphocytotic cows, and five EBL-positive cows with persistent lymphocytosis (PL), analyzed by flow cytometry. Among cells obtained from EBL-infected cows, presenting PL, the percentage of leukocytes carrying out phagocytosis (7.20%), was smaller (p=0.047) than that verified among cells obtained from non-infected (12.90%), and from BLV-infected, non-lymphocytotic cows (14.70%). Furthermore, leukocytes obtained from EBL-infected cows, presenting PL, showed smaller phagocytosis intensity (characterized by the intensity of propidium iodide fluorescence) than leukocytes obtained from non-infected and from EBL-infected, non-lymphocytotic, cows (p<0.001). Therefore, results show a decreased phagocytic function among circulating leukocytes obtained from BLV-infected, lymphocytotic cows.