RCAAP Repository

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This research approaches madness as a complex question which permeates the everyday life and articulates with questions other than those ones of conceptions and practices that put it only in the mental health perspective. Some artistic works which take the risk of inaugurating a new conception of madness allow putting into question some clichés and standards imposed even when an opening to new ways of existenciality is aimed. This work seeks to essay some possibilities of changing the perspective that madness and professional performance follows. It is a critic view of consolidated practices, by proposing a composition of a practice with multiplying interventions. These latter build and are built insofar as they happen in a dialogical relationship with what it makes and how it does. This investigation considers madness not as a deviation but as a possibility of singular existentialities, which become ill only because they are not authorized discursively. That is why it tries to keep an ethic, political, and aesthetic position towards the madman sickening. Based on dances in squares and artistic practices, a new body hints; a new relationship with bodilinesses breaks through old conceptions. In intervening in the everydayness, by putting into motion the transit between madness and culture, a non-place emerges and breaks through established fields. It is a chance of apprehending the invisible, the unexpected, and the passage of one state to another. Based on Foucault, Deleuze, Guattari, Herrmann, and Gil, a contexture of ideas on the clinic is made through new ways of interlacement as if it were fuxicos (patchworks) that once sewed create multiple possibilities of inhabiting movable dimensions of a clinic that privilege making, creating, and poetizing; that goes beyond the standard clinic domains and makes possible to work professionally in the field of culture in favor of a poetical health.

The work is recognized like a fundamental aspect in the human life. By decades it literature that studies it came back for the negative aspects of work in the worker's life and in the organization results. However, with the advent of the Positive Psychology consequence a studies focus deviation for the individual and organizational life positive aspects. In consequence of this new vision, it arose the concept of at work well-being, understood a psychological multidimentional construct, compound by three variables: job satisfaction, job involvement, and affective organizational commitment. Results of other studies point that reward power bases, legitimate power, power of reference and expertise power, and task conflicts induce functional results in context organizational variables, while power base of coercion and conflict of relationship induce disfunctional effects. The goal of this study was to investigate the power of explanation of the model formed by power basis of the supervisor (reward, coercion, legitimate and expert) and conflicts (task and relationship) between supervisor and subordinate and between members of group in the workers' well-being. They took part 130 workers from several companies of Goiás. Most (60%) belonged to the feminine sex, with average age of 30 years (SD = 9,1). The minimum education was corresponding to the average teaching, and 52% owned complete superior level and majority performed administrative functions (75%). Moreover, they worked, at least, three months subordinated to the same boss and at the same equips. For variables measure, were used validated scales evaluated BET's indicators, intragrupal conflicts and bases of power. The data were submitted at descriptive calculations and at analyses of multiple lineal regression standard. The results indicated that the model that gathered the antecedent variables (bases of power and conflicts between supervisor and subordinate and conflict between colegues) explained significantly variance of job satisfaction (20% of satisfaction with organizational support, 15% of the satisfaction with social utility of organization and work, 19% of satisfaction with affective job relationship, 20% of satisfaction with professional recognition and 18% of dissatisfaction with lack of psychossocial support). The significant and positive predictors of satisfaction were bases of legitimate power and expert. The significante and inverse preditor of dissatisfaction with lack of psychossocial support was the task supervisorsubordinate conflict. The results suggest that bases of legitimate power and expert can collaborate to increase job satisfaction and suggest too that presence of task conflict seems to enrich the work, decreasing dissatisfaction. Such results contribute for a larger understanding on the results still inconclusive of the boarded themes.

This study investigated differences in performance of musicians and non musicians on working memory tests, based on Alan Baddeley´s model which refers to an integrate model of active memory that covers visual-spatial registers specialized in the visual and/or spatial codification and other registers of phonological nature specialized in the verbal codification supervised by a central executive. This memory system is linked to an active and simultaneous information processor as well as to its transitory storer, fundamental in activities that demand reasoning and quick information, very present in music. In this research adaptations were made to the pictoric memory test (TEPIC-M) to make it possible to investigate the processing of short time visual-spatial information through recall tasks. The aim of this study was to evaluate if there were differences between musicians and non musicians in the processing of visual-spatial and verbal information and if the study of music may influence the abilities tested by the recall tasks. Research was performed with Music, Language and Literature and Engineering university students at the Uberlândia Federal University. Results were obtained by mixed variance analysis (ANOVA 2X2X3) for the experimental factors and indicated that the musicians had intermediate behavior in regards to non musicians but not superior, in a way that they were close to the Language and Literature students in verbal visual-spatial information processing. These data suggests that the study of music covers and develops visual-spatial and verbal memory mechanisms. Another important result was that the Engineers got a greater number of points in visual-spatial memory, independent of the stimulus of the levels of the demanded tasks in the memory tests. Also the Superlearning effect of the verbal code was detected in all of the 3 studied groups, as the results indicated greater efficiency in the decodifying and verbal reflection of the word stimulus. Finally, results may corroborate also for incentives for musical education to be applied in public and private schools in the country, integrating cognitive psychology and musical education areas aiming to open up research fields in the processes of cognitive development and musical learning, intensifying the study of music in Brasil.

The actual study had the objective of investigating how the workers involved in combat of violence give signification to this phenomenous in working situations and what they feel about the violence they deal with in the working time. Using the qualitative perspective techniques, utilizating the automatic discursive analyzes of Michel Pêcheux and Herrmann interpretation, the study was developed with the participation of 6 police officers, 3 psychologists and a justice promoter, all of them actuating in the public service from Triangle Mineiro cities. After the transcription, the reading and interviews interpretations, it could be notice that these workers feel forsaken by their original institutions and by other ones that are so responsible by the social control. These institutions are omitted in some occasions and in others they are extremely repressive. All these facts make them promote embarrassment and fear in the function normative development. Furthermore, the violence combatants agree that even the society seams to have resigned to the order importance e are hostile with the control function that these combatants develop. Isolation, violence and time urgency are mentioned as the social relations modulators nowadays, ruled mainly by the capital order. It could be notice that culture and institutional reforms were suggested to violence problems by these workers cause they think that several values as Education and Order must be recuperated by several institutional dispositives, including police and family. So, it could be seen that was important to offer a signification moment to the violence combatants because it seems to be the first step to put in practice their own suggestions a culture and institutional reformation. In an effort to make weaker the embarrassing products of violence, it can be pointed that other expression spaces can be offered mainly inside their own institution.

This research aimed to investigate issues related to scholar psychologists' professional practices and its relationship to the process of mental deficient person scholar inclusion. As a theoretical reference, it is adopted the Human Development Bioecological Theory, also having support on aspects of the critical perspective on Scholar Psychology. The study starts with a theoretical review on Scholar Psychology history in Brazil, the historical conceptions on mental deficiency in Brazil, some issues on the education of the deficient person, and on the scholar psychologist action related to the attendance of mental deficient person. Next, we presented the results of our research, developed within a qualitative approach to scientific investigation, involving the participation of seven scholar psychologists that work or have worked on mental deficient children in regular schools and/or in special schools in a mid size city in Minas Gerais state. Reflexive semi-structured individual interviews with the psychologists were carried out by means of a pre-established guide. The interviews were submitted to a category analyzes according to the Grounded Theory. By means of a bioecological view, the research was analyzed and discussed having in mind the scholar psychologist and the child bearing mental deficiency as parts of a complex society, structures through dynamic inter-relations within a socio-historical-cultural process. The research reached several conclusions, related to the interviewed professionals concepts and practices concerning the mental deficient person scholar insertion, remarkably that: first, there is still a considerable difficulty in making it clear the role of the psychologist within the scholar institution, both by the school s professionals and the psychologists themselves; second, it is possible to realize that the attendance performed had an individualized feature, marked by a lack of inter-relation between the actions done, restricted to given spaces and isolated in its width, affecting the possibility for an adequate ecological insertion of the student; third, the interviewed professionals practices confirm the integrationist and excluding position of the regular school, as they legitimate a psychological intervention driven by an emphasis on the student adaptation to the expectations of the educational official system, which is supported by an educational ideology based on a medical conception of the mental deficiency phenomenon.

This work is a study that covers the General Psychopathology II Course Practice of the Psychology Course at the Psychology Institute /Uberlândia Federal University. Students in the seventh semester, in the majority, have been participating in the Student Friend Project. The project consists in each student, during the semester, visiting daily a patient hospitalized, from admission to discharge (approximately 18 days) in the Psychiatric Ward of the Clinical Hospital Uberlândia Federal University. This experience together with the debates in classroom made investigations on the teaching and learning of Psychopathology in the Course of Psychology emerge. A Qualitive Research using the Interpretive Method was then made up. Semi-structured interviews were performed with students who had already participated in the project as well as observations of the experiences and research in reports evaluated at the end of the semester. The study concludes that is quite complex to teach psychopathology this day in age, in a moment of scientific paradigmatic changes and in the context of Psychiatric Reform and Anti-asylum Struggle. The being, the passion or pathos emerges, made possible by the intersubjective and inter-institutional personal relations and through the art of teaching and art of learning insanity, here in a training called the Learning-Art.

This study had as objectives to evaluate and to compare the affective, the normative and the calculative Organizational Commitment and locus of control orientation of young workers, being participants, former participants, and non-participants of a Training Program, as well as to verify the correlation between the locus of control orientation, demographic and professional data and Organizational Commitment in this sample. These objectives were defined based on the literature, where it could observe that the researches explore very few the relation between youngsters and work, and their professional education, even facing the Brazilian reality, with a growing amount of adolescents beginning early at the work market and, in this majority, with no professional qualities to face a strong competition. Therefore, a case study was developed in a great organization, of the contact center trade, from which were obtained three groups of employees: (G1) young trainers, (G2) ex young trainers, now employers, and (G3) employees never trained, fulfilling a sample of 190 participants, who answered previously validated scales of Locus of Control and Affective, Calculative and Normative Organizational Commitment. Not only were the scales developed, but also a questionnaire about personal and professional data. The whole instrument was applied in the institution where the first group participates of the Learning Program, as defined by the Federal Government and supported by the organization with the objective of professional qualification of youngsters. The second and the third groups answered the instruments in the organization, during off hours, in a spontaneous way, after having received information about the objectives of the study and agreed in participating. After the data collection, descriptive, correlation and variance analysis were performed using the SPSS Program. The results pointed that the groups which are or which were already trained had a mean significantly higher of Affective Commitment; men showed more normative commitment with the organization, more external (chance and powerful others) and less internal locus of control than women. The internal levels were high in the three groups and they were present in all analysis. In relation to the time of employment in that organization, significant differences were obtained in calculative and affective commitment, internal locus of control and chance locus of control. Concerning age, marital status and educational level, there were no significant differences among groups. Facing these results, the conclusion is that the hypothesis about differences between the three groups were partially confirmed, considering that differences in the Organizational Commitment and between the sub-groups by personal and professional variables were found. The fact that this is a case study limits the generalization of the results, even because the work in a contact center is more attractive to young people and women. Investigations with young workers with more heterogeneous characteristics, from different trades of business, can be suggested in order to clarify the variables related to organizational commitment for this particular group.

Comprehending the complex universe of the child that lives in the context of a shelter, upon the eyes of diverse social actors made up the goal of the present research. Semi structured interviews were performed with the technical staff of the institution who included the manager, social worker and secretary as well as four professionals responsible for the care of the children in the home houses known as social mothers and two employees who were responsible for substituting the social mothers when they did not come to work known as substitutes. Interviews furnished important subsidies for the comprehension of aspects that involved the reality of the sheltered child, as follows: concepts of the technical staff and workers upon the child in this context as well as aspects regarding the development and learning of the children; concepts on the family of origin and relevant aspects of bonding situations in the institutional context. Considering that the child is one of these social actors, potent and able to express him/herself, story workshops, that sought, through fairy tales, to bring out narratives in the sheltered children, were performed in three groups of children from 5 (five) to 7 (seven) years old. Seeking strategies to improve the research performed with the children, small groups were chosen as to provide a space for conversation and expression of subjectivity toward their classmates. Nine workshops were performed with group 1 (7 years), nine with group 2 (6 years), and seven with group 3 (5 years). Diverse scholars of fairy tales were used and in the context of constructed stories featured by children, Jerome Bruner, who believed that fairy tales were important for the construction of the narrative thinking, was priority. Initially children appeared to be distant to the universe of fairies, dreams, fantasies so adult like due to their experiences, however it was possible to perceive that besides contributing for the narrative construction, the fairy tales made possible the expressions of daily experiences and was capable of redeeming childhood fantasy if they had been experienced by the narrator as true and appropriated, which can be determined by the experience and situations that involved the children.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The risk is a subjective construct with different sense for different people, as well as the perception of its occurrence probability. The risk may be influenced for some psychological, social, institutional and cultural factors. Although the risk perception may be understood as an analytical information processing, it is necessary to consider the influence of experiential questions, guided by emotional and affective processes. Risk behavior is any action with at least an uncertain consequence that may be positive or negative. One of the objectives of the decision theory is to study and provide strategies for decisions under risk conditions and uncertainty that help people to reach satisfactorily their objectives and expectations. This study aimed to investigate the impact of personality and risk perception on risk behavior, as well as the impact of personality on risk perception. The research had a sample of 122 university students. To identify the relationship among the variables, data were submitted to multiple and linear regressions and correlation analysis. To verify possible differences among the students sub-samples from biomedical, exact and human sciences, data were submitted to variance analysis. The results point personality as better predictor of risk behavior than risk perception. Moreover, personality also predicts risk perception. The affective answer to the risk, investigated in this study through personality traits, is important in judgment process. Finally, there was not significant difference among the sub-samples in the variables factors (personality traits, risk behavior and risk perception), except in the factor socialization, in which students from biomedical science presented a superior average. Results suggest the necessity of taking into account cognitive and affective aspects in the studies of decision making process and judgment under risk.

In the face of a worldwide increase in the cases of breast cancer and the importance of the moment of communication of such news to patients and relatives, this study had, as its main purpose, the analysis of the description of the patient‟s and their families‟ reports, regarding their experience throughout the acknowledgement and transmission of the breast cancer diagnosis.The specific purposes were: to describe how patients and relatives call the disease when they receive and transmit the diagnosis, identify which family member the patients had more difficulty to transmit the diagnosis and investigate if patients and relatives shared a common feeling between themselves, regarding the disease. Twelve women with breast cancer and their respective families participated in the research, therefore creating two groups.The data collection was divided into two models of semi-structured interviews, one for each group. The analysis of the interviews followed the thematic content analysis technique. From the result of the patients‟ interviews, five thematic groups and fourteen themes emerged: 1) The beginning of the disease: Discovering any breast alterations and Looking for the diagnosis. 2) Receiving the breast cancer‟s diagnosis: Description of the moment, Medical words, The doctor: the individual responsible for breaking the bad news and The reactions before the news. 3) Transmission of the breast cancer‟s diagnosis: The way of the news, Language used, Families‟ reactions and Difficulties to tell; 4) Repercussions for being a woman with breast cancer: Feelings stored X shared, Changes in the families‟ behavior and Information pursuit. 5) Considerations concerning cancer: cancer and beyond. From the result of the relatives‟ interviews, four thematic groups and twelve themes emerged: 1) An account on the arrival of breast cancer in the family: The contact with the first symptoms of the disease and The way of the diagnosis; 2) The existence of the breast cancer‟s diagnosis: Receiving the diagnosis, Reactions and feelings, The names of the disease, Doubts and questions and Understanding cancer 3) Sharing the diagnosis: The different ways to communicate the diagnosis of cancer, Families‟ reactions and 4) Conversations about cancer: Sharing feelings, Hiding feelings and Dialogues about cancer. Most of the participants were satisfied by the way they knew the diagnosis. The word cancer‟ was not always used. The communication of the diagnosis considered information on different treatments and the possibility of a cure. The participants that acknowledged a possibility of an existing diagnosis of cancer showed a less significant impact on receiving the news. The patients had more difficulty to communicate the diagnosis to the people whom they thought would suffer more with the news. The patients that chose to share their feelings about the disease did so with closer persons. The same thing occurred with family members, who sought other people instead of the actual patients, to do so in order to spare them. Both groups reported that they hid some of their feelings in order to prevent any more sorrow.Studies with doctors are suggested, and patients with miss comprehension and in situations of relapse and metastasis.

The theme adolescent with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus has been interest for many studies. Generally, investigations are inspired in the biomedical and biopsychosocial models of comprehending the health-disease process, which focus on the medical or other health services views. In this sense, the social constructionist perspective offers an alternative while privileging the patient, legitimizing him/her. Inspired by the constructionist proposal, this work aims to describe the interpretive repertoires used by adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in interviews on aspects related to Diabetes Mellitus and Adolescence. The theoretical-methodology was outlined on the qualitive methodology and the pretexts of Social Constructionism. Fourteen adolescents, aged 12 to 18, 7 girls and 7 boys, all diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus for at least a year and users of the City Center of Attention for Diabetics in the city of Uberlândia, MG Brasil, participated. The adolescents participated in a semi-structured interview which approached the following subjects: adolescence, body, health and diabetes. Data analysis was inspired in the proposal of the Discursive Practices Analysis which consists in the exhaustive reading of transcribed interviews, the construction of Idea Maps, and their vertical and horizontal analysis. In the first, interpretive repertoires were identified for each of the subjects investigated in their static character. In the second, mobility of the repertoires in their dynamic and contextual character were perceived. In vertical analysis, the following interpretive repertoires for each investigated subject were identified: Adolescence - (1) Adolescence altering the psychologic , (2) Adolescence that brings gains, (3) Adolescence: the other and I in interpersonal relationships, (4) The responsible adolescent; Body (1) Body in transformation, (2) Body and sexuality, (3) Esthetic Body, (4) Vulnerable Body; Health (1) Health and self-care, (2) Controlled Health, (3) Health as disposition, (4) Heath is everything ; Diabetes (1) Diabetes as a problem, (2) Diabetes as a disease, (3) Diabetes as an experience. Horizontal analysis demonstrated how the repertoires are combined to describe, justify, explain and to position oneself in different situations, observing the dynamic and contextual character of the same situations. This analysis made it possible to show the diversity of available repertoires for the understanding of the adolescence diabetes relationship as many of them are beyond the traditional concepts spread by the dominant scientific discourse. Some repertoires seem to produce descriptions endowed with positivity that help the adolescent live with the disease; however, others generate descriptions that seem to be difficult and painful for them. Therefore, it is necessary that the available repertoires for understanding adolescence and diabetes, which make the care for diabetes easier, gain strength and be considered by health professionals and so including the adolescent as an active participant in the construction of the therapeutic project.

This work aimed to comprehend how social mothers give meaning to their daily life in an Institutional Shelter and to analyze their inter-relations with the making up of Professional identity. We were guided by a Historical-material dialect of man and world and the expression of this in Psychology which considers the making up of a person as a human being as a material and historical character and is made up in and from the established relations between I and the other throughout ontogenesis. We also assume that the process of building professional identity of the Social Mothers surges from a network of personal and social articulated interactions which make multiple meanings possible in a dialectic process. We then performed a qualitive research in which we interviewed two professionals (Social Mothers), responsible for the direct care of children in temporary and exceptional shelter. Interviews were taped individually and completely transcribed. From there, we defined, through an adaption of idea association maps proposed by Spink e Lima (2000), four general categories: 1) family history; 2) work at the shelter; 3) the social mothers and the children; 4) the social mothers and other actors of the guarantee of rights system. The basic fundamental that oriented our analysis was the interpretive character of knowledge, highlighted by Gonzáles-Rey (2002), which consists in a process of giving meaning to the expressions of the participants in a way of integrating them so as they can make sense to the group of researchers. Our interviews produced a context of review and emergence of meanings upon the activity Social Mother made from phylogenetic development as well as ontogentic development. Family histories were highlighted especially those that were connected to meanings of child, family and Institutional Shelter. The question about what it is to be a Social Mother led to talk of the professionals to a movement of fusion (action repetition) and differentiation (creation) in the construction of meanings on social mothering played by them. We emphasize however that professional identity is not a data or a fragmented product, an isolated character lived by the person in his/her life, but a whole in composition involving multiple social roles inserted in historical and cultural context.

Although the first years of motherhood is placed as a critical period in the life of the woman, little assistance is directed her in this phase, being the child or biological questions the focus of the attention of the actions of the public health, as well as of great part of the academic productions. In this study, we understand the motherhood as a construction that involves multiples factors and we also consider the influence that the social speeches supported in the production of a concept of motherhood and the standardization of the ways to live it. The present study, inspired by the constructionist perspective, intended to contribute to the promotion of reflection about the socially descriptions available on being a mother and a woman. In this sense, the aim of this study was to describe the interpretative repertoires about the motherhood used by women who lives motherhood experience. We interviewed twelve mothers, among 18 and 36 years old who take part of a maternal and child Care Center, whose children were between 4 months and 14 years old, that the youngest child was between 4 months and 2 years old. The construction of the corpus was performed from the use of semistructured individual interviews, which in addition, allowed us a greater freedom for the interviewer to address the issues of interest as they arise in the conversation, and it helped us to rescue personal ways of developing concepts around motherhood. The analyses were performed according to discursive analysis influenced by social constructionist perspective, emphasizing the notion of interpretative repertoires. After the transcription of all interviews, there was a curious and reflective reading, enabling the identification and analysis of interpretative repertoires. The analysis of the repertoires had enabled us to identify some functions of its use, and its moral implications. Through analysis, we identified that participants described motherhood using four basics repertoires, which we named as (1) romantic motherhood , which is characterized by descriptions that put motherhood as a natural, full and incommunicable phenomenon; (2) medicated motherhood , in which motherhood is presented by a medical and psychological vocabulary; (3) exigent motherhood in which descriptions emphasize the demands in the exercise of being mother and (4) learning with the motherhood , through which motherhood is described as an opportunity for learning and changing. We observed that when such repertoires were used, the participants tried to put themselves as good mothers, seeking a comfortable place and a positive assessment in the interaction. We believe that this study had enabled us to identify the repertoire and to analyze the elements in those sets, also had allowed us to create a moment for reflection about the meanings of motherhood. And thus, this study highlighted the importance of professionals doctors, nurses, psychologists, educators, researchers and the society in general being sensitive to interpretative repertoires socially available which can expand or limit the possibilities of meaning around motherhood, and often serve to maintain oppressive discourses and practices for people men and women, mothers and not mothers.

This study aimed to understand the process of constructing meanings on female seropositivity and the care offered to these women through interpretative repertoires. We interviewed 14 professionals of different specialties that comprise a health team in a city within the Triângulo Mineiro. Discourse analysis as proposed by social constructionism was used. A full transcription of interviews and careful reading of the material, which allowed the pointing out of the repertoires were performed. During analysis, it was observed that the meanings of the seropositive women significantly influenced the descriptions of care offered, and so recognizing a conjunction of meanings. Therefore, a division of repertoire analysis was performed in two moments: (1) in which they talk about women bearing the disease, infection and their experience with the disease and (2) in which they talk about the service. We observed how the professionals in their daily actions described, discussed and constructed meanings on seropositive women and their care from theoretical concepts disseminated by epidemiology. These repertoires were named as: (1) Two women, victims and guilty, (2) Irresponsible women, (3) Women who have difficulty in negotiating condoms and (4) Women who live in a vulnerable context. We can say that when these professionals talk about female seropositivity, the discourse of epidemiology goes beyond the issues of prevention, to the experience of the disease and the care offered. Each discourse retaken to talk about female seropositivity promoted different assistance strategies for these women. At the same time, we perceived that this practice does not track the movement of the epidemiology and discursive discussions in general health. There is difficulty in recognizing the situation of vulnerability of these women, from the use of other discourses in which the broad concept of "risk" is involved. The use of this concept promotes the omission of the participation of men when speaking of female seropositivity and the care that is offered. When the vulnerability context is recognized, the discourse of professionals does not include the service and health policies that guide these women. Furthermore, we recognize that this is a practice still marked by the biomedical model and professional expertise. It was possible to reflect on how the concepts of epidemiology are embedded and appropriated by health professionals specialized in HIV/AIDS and their implications for health care assistance.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The motivational model of causal attribution predict that emotions and expectations, generated by the type of cause utilized by a person to explain what happens to himself, can influence his motivation. All causes could be classified according to three dimensions: locus of causality, stability and controllability. Studies have showed that in sports situations there is a tendency to attribute positive or successful results to internal, stable and controllable causes and negative or failed results to external, unstable and uncontrollable causes. Thus, this study was developed with the aim to investigate the causes attributed by juniors and amateur adults football players to their competence level and to verify the influence generated on their emotions, expectations and dispositions to action. The study was composed by 189 football players, being 111 juniors and 78 amateur adults. A structured interview with 47 questions about causal antecedents, causal ascriptions, causal dimensions, emotions, expectations and dispositions to action was used. The results showed that as adults as juniors with high competence level made more internal, more stable and equally personal controllable attributions, when comparing to those with low competence level, that used more external, unstable and also personal controllable causes. The different kinds of attribution, otherwise, generated similar consequences, since the means of positive emotions, expectations and dispositions to action kept equally high. This may be a clue that athletes use the attribution process as a way to defend themselves from unpleasant emotions and expectations, which could take them to undermine their motivation. Thus, the conclusion is that football players of this sample used what others studies named optimistic attributions, those in which what is perceived as good is explained in a way that keep being like this and what is perceived as bad can be better in the future.

From the activities realized with children and adolescents in a mental health institution - CAPSI(Center of psychosocial attention to the childhood and adolescence), some questions were defined and insisted in the context of the clinical service accomplished. Through observing symptomatologies marked by the pure act and speeches so marked by perverse aspects, it was made urgent the following query: is it possible to isolate, in fact, the perversion while clinical structure, since phenomenologically it seems complex to differentiate it from other structures? And more, which is the possible clinic before this profuse production of current symptoms at what concerns to the perverse manifestations? Passing by the Freudian theorization about perversions, we endeavoured to discuss the almost general tendency to perversion which composes the human thing. From there to the Lacanian theorization, through the reading of this author, which surpasses the Freudian mythical field and proposes a structural field, the attempt was to list the possible differences between what is denominated perverse assemblies and that which would stay at the bulge of the structural perversion.This way, it was made necessary the discussion with regards to Lacanian intelectual unfold at what concerns to the second clinic, so that through the analysis of three cases the possible clinic of perversion could be enlarged to the clinic of the possibilities in the field of the mental health. This process of enlargement happened considering the notions of fraternity and entangle as central elements of the Socius' clinic, in other words, of the clinic which proposes the establishment of partnerships, fastenings of horizontal relationships which can, in a certain way, lend responsability to the individual's words. A clinic that considers, beyond the structural diagnosis, the particular plot that every one can compose in life.

This study analyzes the modes of subjectification and the demand for cures which arise and flourish within the following two neo-Pentecostal churches, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God and the International Church of the Grace of God. It also seeks to investigate the sexual, power and monetary ethics in these same churches. The neo- Pentecostal churches are based upon some fundamental characteristics such as ; a spiritual war against the devil, the Theology of Prosperity, the overcoming of the generally accepted practices and customs of sanctity, a big business structure and great media utilization. The demand for cures is presented as a mental strategy or power which gives rise to modes of subjectification. These modes which are present in the neo-Pentecostal churches delimit the constitution of the individual in the light of a causality relationship between faith and ethics. On the one hand, the demand for cures is potentiated by the faith experience and on the other hand, ethical imperatives mould and limit the conditions necessary for the subjectification process of the believer. Sex, power and money are seen as ethical dispositions that seek to deny the helplessness of the human condition. When an individual adopts these stratagems to overcome his helplessness, he seeks imaginary solutions which arise from narcissistic positions. When taken as a mark of human identity, helplessness is seen as a link between neo-Pentecostalism and a masochistic condition. Neo- Pentecostal religious discourse delimits a universe of personal realization and pure happiness and exacts an anthropology in which the individual is ruled by the logic of subjugation. He becomes more than a victim in the sense that he clings to religious promises which are impossible to fulfill. The masochistic condition arises from a desire to overcome the experience of human helplessness.