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This work presents as its central question the investigation of the public spaces of the city downtown area, with its different aspects and its development, through different propositions and projects, over time. Taking the construction of a timeline as a starting point, the period was divided (from the beginning of the railroad operations in São Paulo, to the present day) in different segments. It was established a segmentation of the chapters in this work, through the search for common characteristics in the proposals methodological approaches regarding the public spaces of the city. The temporal divisions allow the exploration of common aspects in the approaches of public administrations, in relation to the central spaces of the city, while facilitating the understanding of the set of elements that characterize that space (the Centre) over the years. Using a historiographical methodology, through the organization of data collected through primary and secondary sources, it is intended to highlight some specific projects representative of the different divisions adopted in the work, for a more in-depth study capable of finding universalizing characteristics, capable of explaining the broader functional and economic structures behind interventions at the city historic central neighbourhoods.

The city of São Paulo, during its initial three hundred years of History, was only a settlement for mule-trains. Localized between the coast and the unknown hinterland, which was rich in gemstones, the city has always assumed a strategic role being a center of crossing roads, during the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In the middle of the nineteenth century, already at the imperial period, the city witnessed changes in the economic dynamics and assisted the economic valuation of what is considered the green gold: the coffee. Replacing sugarcane as the main export agricultural product, coffee moved itself towards São Paulo through the Vale do Paraíba and strongly expanded to the hinterland area of São Paulo, which required the implementation of a more efficient transportation system, also capable for efficiently transposing the Serra do Mar slope. The construction of the Santos-Jundiaí Railway, implemented under the concession of the São Paulo Railway Company Ltd, marks a new era for the city of São Paulo and gives it a new predicative: The ‘Metropolis of the Coffee’, due to the intense transformations that the city began to observe from the end of the nineteenth century until the first decades of the twentieth century. Neighborhoods also begin to change during the railway construction due to the installation of railway workshops that housed engineers and workers. In this sense, it is proposed as theme of this dissertation an analysis of the modifications provoked by the construction and subsequent operation of the Santos-Jundiaí Railway in the surroundings of what we now know nowadays as Lapa, in the western zone of São Paulo. These analyzes are based on a recent line of research, in which one can analyze fragments and vestiges that the transformations have left. In this sense, it is hoped to understand how the railway was a key element in the process of transforming the old Lapa farm in the neighborhood as we know it today.

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Disponível online: https://soundcloud.com/everton-pires-750512852/sets/rimas-perifericas-batalha-de- rap

The cognitive and behavioral assessment of preschool children does not yet occur in most Brazilian states, despite the importance of detecting problems related to mental health in this age group. Behavioral problems can be internalizing or externalizing, and can be related to cognitive factors, such as attention and executive functions. Studies point out relationships between the occurrence of behavioral problems and cognition, especially in neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, the present study sought to verify the relationship between behavioral problems, attention, and executive functions in preschooler, in addition to analyzing the differences in these variables according to sex, school year, type of school and socioeconomic condition. A cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive, quantitative study was carried out with a sample of 52 students aged 4, 5 and 6 years old, regularly enrolled in Pre-School I and II, from two schools in the state of Rondônia, one public and one private, besides their parents and teachers. The instruments used in data collection were: a) Child Behavior Checklist for ages 1.5 to 5 years (CBCL/1.5-5); b) Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF); c) Trail Test for Preschoolers (TTP); d) Cancellation Attention Test (TAC). Data analysis was conducted using R Core Team statistical software. Descriptive analyzes of the results obtained from the test were carried out, as well as inferential tests to verify the differences in the results obtained according to the children's characteristics (Kruskal-Wallis test) and to verify the association between variables (Spearman's correlation coefficient). The main results found were: 1) The scores obtained by the sample were within the normal range in comparison to the normative sample of the instruments; 2) Teachers do not indicate differences in children's behaviors depending on the school year, type of school, or family's socioeconomic level, but report more attention problems in boys than in girls; 3) Parents of students attending public schools report more behavior problems than those from private schools; 4) There was no difference in the children's performance in the TAC and TTP according to sex, school year, type of school, or socioeconomic level; 5) Attention test results showed a negative correlation with the score of behavior problems indicated by the teachers (C-TRF - Attention Problems, Externalizing Problems, and Total Problems), and with the attention problems reported by the parents on the CBCL/1.5-5. This study is a pioneer in northern Brazil, for the first time it was sought to study the cognitive and behavioral skills of preschoolers in this region. Results corroborate with findings from other locations in Brazil, opening up possibilities for new research and evaluations in the region

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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Subject: With the growth of the Internet and an even more significant number of technological devices being released every year, the volume of data is growing exponentially. As a result of this new reality, new tools for the organization of information were developed. These tools enable new ways to analyze information and increase organizations' intelligence. Application: This work presents the implementation of a new way to analyze historical data of jobs executed using tools that improve internal data analysis. Delta Técnica, a company specializing in road infrastructure, implemented this solution, in which, for the most, leaders used intuition in the decision-making process. Impact: Two surveys conducted measured an increase in perceptions of usefulness, handiness in use, and information quality among users of this technological solution, supporting Delta Técnica's partners' decision-making processes, in addition to other associated benefits. Innovation: The innovation in this project came from the solution. A new way of analyzing historical data was generated, which improved the information available to Delta Técnica's leadership. Complexity: Beyond the technical knowledge needed to integrate the databases and transform a large amount of data into information to Delta Técnica's partners, the support of the leadership and the technical team was essential to execute a project of this magnitude. Methodological method and procedure: The Methodology of Preparation of practical and applied work: administration and accounting, written by Marcondes, Miguel, Franklin & Perez (2017), was adopted.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Assunto: este estudo apresenta uma solução para o problema de baixa eficiência operacional nos canais de atendimento e para a falta de aproveitamento adequado dos insumos por eles capturados em uma instituição financeira, visando a criação de vantagem competitiva. Aplicação: para solução do problema foi adotada a estratégia de unificação dos sistemas de atendimento e direcionamento de demandas, bem como o aprimoramento dos processos de mineração de dados obtidos dos contatos da instituição com seus clientes. Também foi realizado o mapeamento e a padronização dos fluxos, bem como instituídos procedimentos de atendimento, ampliando as alçadas de solução em primeiro contato (FCR). Futuramente, com a implantação dessa ferramenta em todos os pontos de contato, também serão centralizados os processos de controle das demandas. Inovação: a solução propõe uma inovação de caráter incremental e contribui com a melhoria dos processos do Banco A, pois viabiliza uma visão integrada sobre o relacionamento e os contatos dos clientes com a instituição e facilita a análise dos insumos de atendimento para identificação de problemas e oportunidades. Complexidade: por ter sido uma intervenção liderada por uma equipe com atribuição legal de mobilizar a organização para desenvolver seus pontos mais sensíveis, houve facilidade de negociações com as áreas afetadas. A principal dificuldade enfrentada foi a obtenção e análise dos dados de atendimento em decorrência da heterogeneidade dos sistemas de registro de demandas e dispersão das bases de dados. Impacto: este trabalho iniciou a transformação digital dos canais de atendimento e difundiu a preocupação institucional de que todos os clientes, independente do ponto de contato, experenciem jornadas de sucesso. Até a etapa de implantação executada, a ferramenta já permite a análise de indicadores até então desconhecidos, como o tempo médio de conclusão de um atendimento direcionado para uma área de apoio, fator decisivo para que a empresa tenha deixado de fazer parte do ranking de instituições financeiras mais reclamadas do Banco Central, o que deve gerar impactos econômicos positivos devido a melhora da reputação da organização. Por fim, com a implantação total da solução apresentada neste estudo, espera-se aumentar os ganhos já obtidos e melhorar, ainda mais, a eficiência operacional da instituição financeira pesquisada. Metodologia Aplicada: foi adotada a metodologia de trabalhos práticos e aplicados, apresentada em Marcondes, Miguel, Franklin e Perez (2017), com a análise de fontes primárias e secundárias de informação.

The 1988 Constitution elevated the Municipality to the status of federated entity, giving it political, administrative and financial autonomy. The present study deals with the autonomy of the Municipality and their own System of Social Security, and its consolidation with the Charter of 1988. The subjective right of municipal public server in the face of possible non-existence of a own System of Social Security in which can link pension changes addressing the relevant public servers, highlighting the changes provided for in the Constitutional Amendment n. 20/1998 and on the Constitutional Amendment n. 41/2003. Fixing the roof of remuneration of the General System of Social Security for retirements and pensions granted to public servants, conditioned the establishment of private pension funds.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Neuropsychological studies are important to verify the influence of literacy and schooling on cognitive development, in order to understand, for example, the difficulties encountered by adults ex-illiterate, as well as to identify more effective intervention methods. However, such emphasis has not occurred at the national level. The present research has the objective: 1) to relate the cognitive performance of youth and adult education students to the literacy age; 2) to relate the cognitive performance of young and adult education students to school progression; and 3) adapt the phonic method for adults and verify the effect of phonic literacy as a method to promote reading and writing for this audience. 200 students of both sexes, aged between 18 and 75 (M = 47, 10 years, DP = 12, 20), participated in the series of Elementary School I and II of a school in São Paulo. The instrument used for intelligence evaluation was the Wechsler Abridged Intelligence Scale (WAIS); attention was assessed by the Cancellation Attention Test (TAC); the executive functions, by the Test of Trails for Preschoolers (TT-PE); the oral language, through the proof of phonological awareness by oral production (PCFO) and the Peabody Image Vocabulary Test (TVIP); the written language, through the Reading Test of Words and Pseudowords (TCLPP) and Dictation (DT); the evaluation of mathematical skills was done with the Arithmetic Test (PA); and visuospatial processing and visual memory, by means of the King Complex Figures (REY). In the first part of the study, all students were evaluated in these instruments. Analyzes were carried out comparing means, through the t-Test, between two groups: literate group at regular age (GAIR) and ex-illiterate (GAIT). The results in each of the applied tests were used as measurements. There was no significant group effect, indicating that the age at the beginning of literacy did not seem to have influenced the results in these measures, taking into account objective 1. In order to meet objective 2, comparative analyzes of means were conducted, through Variance Analysis, between the series in each of the applied tests. There were significant effects in most measures, pointing out that the greater the number of years studied, the better the cognitive performance tends to be in different tasks. In the second part of the study, intervention was conducted with the phonic method adapted for students of the experimental group (GE), while those in the control group (GC) continued with regular literacy. In order to meet objective 3, Student's t-test was conducted, taking as factors the group (GE and GC). As a measure, the delta was used (post-intervention measure minus pre-intervention measure). The results did not show significant effects on the TAC; TT-PE, part A; TVIP, PA and REY, which was expected given the specificity of the intervention. However, in almost all measures in phonological awareness and in almost all of writing, the GE presented greater gains after the intervention. In reading assessment (TCLPP) there was no significant effect in any measure, however, it was clear the change in reading strategy used by the GE, with more phonological reading after the intervention. The study made it possible to analyze effects of literacy and grade age, as well as to adapt an effective literacy tool initially developed for children to the youth and adult audience, demonstrating its effects on the promotion of written language for this public, contributing in a unprecedentedly in Brazil, to the dialogue between neuropsychology and the education of youth and adults.

This master's dissertation proposes a discussion on the accelerated contemporary growth of vulnerable urban territories, and the complex issues that this poses to architecture and urbanism. Building an understanding from the perspective of gender and childhood, the work is part of the analysis of the theoretical reference raised about the current state of the debate about the approaches of design practices to the themes of social and territorial vulnerability; follows considerations on how vulnerability affects in particular women and children and recognizes historical precedents in the recognition and appreciation of popular and spontaneous cultures. Taking the discussion forward, a characterization of vulnerable territory is proposed, and the enumeration of essential conditions for analysis and proposal of interventions in these contexts, with emphasis on the articulated engagement of five instances: civil society, community, private initiative, university and public authorities. Five case studies are analyzed: Glicério, Jardim Lapenna, Parelheiros and Favela do Moinho in the city of São Paulo and Arari, in the municipality of the same name. The results of the analyses indicate that the understanding of the articulation modes of the five instances is still under construction. Nevertheless, the results of the actions seem to be better the more these instances participate and articulate.

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O presente trabalho tem por objeto a abordagem da crise do sistema prisional brasileiro e a dificuldade da ressocialização do recém egresso como uma das consequências ante o problema mencionado. Passando de uma análise histórica a partir do surgimento das sanções criminais, a evolução temporal dos sistemas penitenciários até chegar ao brasileiro. Sobre o sistema nacional, serão abordados, as violações a Constituição Federal e a Lei de Execução penal, bem como os problemas vivenciados pelo recluso dentro do cárcere, tais quais: superlotação, ausência de assistência médica, violência, corrupção dos agentes penitenciários, abandono do estado e faltas de vaga no trabalho e estudo. Por fim, serão abordadas algumas dificuldades enfrentadas pelo ex detento, como o estigma, o preconceito da sociedade e a falta de oportunidade de trabalho.

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