RCAAP Repository

Background: Owing to the migratory movement between African and European countries, we have been seeing an increasing number of dermatoses in patients with darker skin phenotypes in our clinical practice. Aim: To evaluate the support provided by outpatient dermatology consultations to such patients and to assess the most frequent dermatoses seen in this population. Methods: A retrospective 5-year study was conducted in a Portuguese hospital, which is a referral centre to several medical specialities for patients evacuated from Portuguese-speaking African countries, under a specific agreement of international cooperation in health. Results: In total, 116 patients, with a mean age of 38 years, were evaluated. In total, 47 dermatoses were identified, with the 6 most common being fungal infections (12.1%), eczema (9.5%), dyschromias (8.6%), xerosis (6.9%), acne (6%) and hair disorders (6%). Conclusions: This increased knowledge about the most frequent dermatoses in this population, along with their manifestations and the factors that influence them should allow better diagnosis and therapy.

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The existence of individual vocal signatures that can provide scope for mate choice has been scarcely investigated in fish. The relation between acoustic signalling and reproductive success has been studied in various taxa but likewise remains unclear in this taxon. Ultimately, studies that examine sound production and auditory reception, within a comparative perspective across species, can provide insights into the evolution of communication systems. This thesis focused on the social role of acoustic signaling and hearing in the Lusitanian toadfish Halobatrachis didactylus (Batrachoididae), which relies heavily on acoustic communication. The goals were: (1) determine whether male advertising boatwhistles can potentially provide individual recognition and if the sonic muscle variability is related with males‟ quality; verify the influence of vocal behaviour in the reproductive success; test the possible function of boatwhistles in nest defence; (2) compare auditory sensitivity across seasons and between sexes; characterise the representation of vocalizations in the auditory system; and (3) analyze the development of acoustic communication. Boatwhistles were different between males and the dominant frequency and frequency modulation were the parameters that best discriminate individuals. Sonic muscle variability was best explained by the body length and condition, suggesting that vocal output can inform about sender‟s quality. Reproductive success was significantly influenced by males‟ calling rate and calling effort. Besides mate attraction, boatwhistles were used during active territorial defence. The inner ear saccule was well suited to detect conspecific vocalizations throughout the year and sensitivity was not seasonally plastic or sexually dimorphic. The auditory system was capable of resolving fine vocal features probably important in communication. Moreover, the ability to communicate acoustically might be absent in early developmental stages and initiates when juveniles start generating higher amplitude calls with lower dominant frequencies. Finally, the development of the peripheral auditory system seems to parallels vocal differentiation in this species.

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El yacimiento de la cueva de Abittaga, excavado por J.M. Barandiarán entre 1964 y 1965, contiene una secuencia arqueológica con ocupaciones del Magdaleniense Superior y de la Prehistoria Reciente. Este yacimiento apenas ha participado en los debates de la prehistoria vasca de los últimos 40 años, fundamentalmente porque el yacimiento había sido estudiado de manera parcial y porque la información estratigráfica resultaba confusa. En este trabajo presentamos la revisión la colección arqueológica de Abittaga (industria lítica, ósea, cerámica, macrofauna y restos humanos). Se presentan además nuevas dataciones para las ocupaciones magdalenienses (nivel VII), y las de la Prehistoria Reciente (niveles I-III), y los resultados de la intervención arqueológica realizada en 2016. Estos resultados proporcionan una visión actualizada de un yacimiento usado con fines sepulcrales en la Edad del Bronce y como campamento ocasional, dentro de una amplia red de emplazamientos en la cuenca del Lea, durante el Magdaleniense Superior.

Voice perception research is an emerging trend that requires an understanding of the fundamental aspects of social perception. Therefore, it is important to comprehend how people perceive demographic traits and make social judgments of others based on the voice signal. To address this topic a systematic review of English articles published between 2000 and 2020 using several databases was performed. Search terms included voice, trustworthiness, dominance, competence, warmth, pleasantness, age, speaker, listener, age estimation, and own-age bias. Studies, in which listeners estimated the age and gender or made social judgments of different speakers using a rating scale from voice, were considered. Data regarding the speaker’s and listener’s age and gender, stimulus type, rating scale, and age and gender estimation scale were considered. Data collected was related to accuracy variations due to the speaker’s and listener’s gender and age; and social judgments rating variations in age and gender-related differences for listeners and speakers. People seem to correctly estimate gender and age. However, there is a central tendency bias when estimating age associated with an own-age bias in older adults. Trustworthiness, dominance, pleasantness, competence, and warmth seem to vary depending on the gender and age of the speaker. The direct estimation of age seems to be influenced by task-related setting. People seem to perceive age by general categories and make a inaccurate inferences of age based on those categories. Trustworthiness and dominance are the two perceived social measures used to judge others from voice across a variety of stimuli and contexts. These judgments seem to be influenced by gender and the cultural background of the listener. On the other hand, warmth and competence judgments seem to be more context-related and, therefore, may be influenced by perceived age.

Apesar de a Doença de Parkinson ser conhecida pelos seus clássicos sintomas motores, existe também uma série de sintomas não-motores físicos, cognitivos e psicológicos, que contribuem para a incapacidade consequente desta doença, e para o impacto negativo desta condição na qualidade de vida dos doentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar a vivência da doença e das estratégias de coping por parte de doentes com DP para lidar com esses sintomas não-motores. Seis doentes de Parkinson foram submetidos a uma entrevista semiestruturada com o Non Motor Symptom Questionaire (NMSQuest) como base. Os dados de cada participante foram analisados de forma intraindividual através de um processo de Análise Temática, e, de seguida, comparados entre eles. Desta forma, foi possível detetar padrões de resposta na amostra, e também perceber o que é único de cada participante. Os participantes apresentam uma visão negativa e incapacitante da Doença de Parkinson, mas revelam capacidade de adaptação e de confronto, com estratégias focadas no problema e na emoção, considerados maioritariamente eficazes. Os sintomas não-motores mais reportados são cognitivos ou urogenitais, bem como insónias e obstipação. Em termos psicológicos, é de salientar a frequente presença de ansiedade e tristeza. As atribuições causais revelam a multiplicidade de suposições acerca da origem dos sintomas não-motores. Foi também relevante uma variedade de reflexões acerca do futuro e da vida. Assim, são propostas áreas de intervenção com os doentes por parte dos profissionais de saúde, frisando a necessidade de ter em conta a individualidade de cada paciente.

Sendo o trabalho em contact center caracterizado por uma atividade mecanicista e rotineira, está associado a altos níveis de stress, comprometendo a saúde e bem-estar dos colaboradores e consequente desempenho organizacional. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o papel moderador do suporte social (do chefe e dos colegas) na relação entre as exigências de trabalho e a motivação intrínseca do colaborador. Os dados foram obtidos através de uma amostra de 3962 colaboradores portugueses de uma grande empresa de contact center. Os resultados sugerem que um alto nível de exigências de trabalho está associado a uma diminuição da motivação intrínseca. No entanto, a nossa hipótese de moderação do papel do suporte social na relação entre as exigências e a motivação intrínseca não se verificou. Desta forma, realça-se a importância de implementar práticas de Recursos Humanos no que toca ao redesign de trabalho de call center, de forma a diminuir as exigências de trabalho, de forma a aumentar a motivação intrínseca.

Background. Com o aumento do número de cuidadores informais houve um consequente aumento de programas de suporte. A presente revisão sistemática pretende responder às seguintes questões: a) que design de programas existem para dar apoio, suporte ou treino aos cuidadores informais de doentes crónicos ou de idosos; b) qual o design de programa que demonstra maior eficácia nos cuidadores informais de doentes crónicos ou de idosos. Metodologia. A metodologia utilizada para a recolha de artigos foi a PRISMA, tendo se utilizado para a pesquisa as bases de dados EBSCO, PsycINFO, PubMed, RCAAP, SpringerLink, Academia.Edu e Google Scholar. A recolha teve como foco todos os programas publicados no período de 2015 a 2020. Partindo de um total de 611 artigos recolhidos, foram incluídos na revisão sistemática 15 artigos finais para auxiliar nas respostas às nossas questões iniciais. Resultados. Foram revistos: 1 programa psicoeducativo, 5 programas de treino de competências, 2 programas psicoeducativos com treino de competências, 2 programas de intervenção psicossocial e 5 programas multicomponentes. Verificou-se que a maioria dos cuidadores informais são mulheres com média de idades superior a 40 anos e que as variáveis de resultados transversais aos diferentes designs de programas são a diminuição do fardo subjetivo e da sintomatologia depressiva, sendo também estas as variáveis que sofrem alterações favoráveis nos grupos de intervenção. Discussão. Observou-se que os programas multicomponentes demonstravam resultados mais promissores em diferentes necessidades dos cuidadores informais e, os programas com menos resultados foram os programas psicoeducativos e os de intervenção psicossocial. Uma das limitações assinaladas foi a necessidade de obter mais resultados a longo prazo, sendo que, no geral, só se obtiveram resultados a curto e médio prazo. Conclusões. Sugerimos, como trabalho futuro, explorar programas mais holísticos e com maior foco nas características específicas da população de cuidadores informais.

This book presents a transdisciplinary approach to the Gothic-Romantic legacy in different artistic media, revealing how theatre, performance,  lm, literature, visual arts and architecture intersect in the construction of theoretical and aesthetic landscapes. Through an ethical-political and ecophilosophical assessment, it contributes towards a much-needed reevaluation of the Gothic-Romantic mode in the  eld of Art Studies, at a time of widespread popularity of Gothiclike imagery in global contemporary cultural production. The Gothic-Romantic tradition mapped here is broad, addressing philosophical concepts and devised theatre experiences; literary works by Alexandre Herculano, E.T.A. Hoffmann, Edgar Allan Poe, J. W. Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Percy Shelley and Alexandre Dumas père;  lms by Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick, Lars von Trier, David Lynch, Alejandro Amenábar and Guillermo del Toro; architectural and visual design by Horace Walpole, William Beckford and Luigi Manini (Quinta da Regaleira, Portugal).

Spacers are pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) accessory devices developed to reduce problems of poor inhaler technique with pMDIs. Spacers that feature a 1-way inspiratory valve are termed valved holding chambers (VHCs); they act as aerosol reservoirs, allowing the user to actuate the pMDI device and then inhale the medication in a 2-step process that helps users overcome challenges in coordinating pMDI actuation with inhalation. Both spacers and VHCs have been shown to increase fine particle delivery to the lungs, decrease oropharyngeal deposition, and reduce corticosteroid-related side effects such as throat irritation, dysphonia, and oral candidiasis commonly seen with the use of pMDIs alone. Spacers and VHCs are not all the same, and also are not interchangeable: the performance may vary according to their size, shape, material of manufacture and propensity to become electrostatically charged, their mode of interface with the patient, and the presence or otherwise of valves and feedback devices. Thus, pairing of a pMDI plus a spacer or a VHC should be considered as a unique delivery system. In this Rostrum we discuss the risk potential for a patient getting switched to a spacer or VHC that delivers a reduced dose medication.

Esta Newsletter (NL) resulta de uma parceria entre o Instituto de Saúde Baseada na Evidência e a Cochrane Portugal, e tem como objectivo disponibilizar informação sobre áreas interessantes para a prática clínica, com base na melhor evidência científica. São incluídos estudos relevantes, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática, resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão. É dada prioridade a estudos de causalidade incluindo-se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos e metodológicos, assim como revisões científicas. O conteúdo da NL é da exclusiva responsabilidade do(s) seu(s) autor(es).

Background: The emergence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented an unprecedented global challenge for the healthcare community. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to get transmitted during the asymptomatic phase, and its high infectivity have led to the rapid transmission of COVID-19 beyond geographic regions facilitated by international travel, leading to a pandemic. To guide effective control and interventions, primary data is required urgently, globally, including from low- and middle-income countries where documentation of cardiovascular manifestations and risk factors in people hospitalized with COVID-19 is limited. Objectives: This study aims to describe the cardiovascular manifestations and cardiovascular risk factors in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods: We propose to conduct an observational cohort study involving 5000 patients recruited from hospitals in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Eligible adult COVID-19 patients will be recruited from the participating hospitals and followed-up until 30 days post admission. The outcomes will be reported at discharge and includes the need of ICU admission, need of ventilator, death (with cause), major adverse cardiovascular events, neurological outcomes, acute renal failure, and pulmonary outcomes. Conclusion: Given the enormous burden posed by COVID-19 and the associated severe prognostic implication of CVD involvement, this study will provide useful insights on the risk factors for severe disease, clinical presentation, and outcomes of various cardiovascular manifestations in COVID-19 patients particularly from low and middle income countries from where the data remain scant.

As linhas programáticas saídas da Cimeira da Terra (CNUAD, 1992), como se procurará tornar claro nas páginas seguintes, pressupõem que num determinado território (para o que nos interessa aqui, um município) a confluência de estratégias de implementação do desenvolvimento sustentável e de governança local é coadjuvada pela instauração de mecanismos de participação, sustentados em formas inovadoras, ou, pelo menos, indiciadoras de mudança na acção autárquica, que procuram garantir equidade no tratamento dos participantes, horizontalidade na coordenação e transparência nos procedimentos. Sendo essa a promessa de ferramentas deliberativas como as Agendas 21 Locais, os Orçamentos Participativos e até, ainda que em menor escala, de outros mecanismos mais tradicionais como os Planos Municipais de Ambiente, interessava perceber se estes processos se revelavam instrumentos efectivamente consequentes nas práticas e nos resultados e, a partir dos dados recolhidos numa estratégia de pesquisa triangular, compreender que factores são mais determinantes e como interagem na promoção da participação cívica e na prossecução do desenvolvimento sustentável local. Procurar-se-á responder a estas interrogações, com base nos resultados do inquérito aplicado aos municípios sobre práticas participativas e sustentabilidade local (2008-2009), mas porque se trata de uma área complexa que tem tanto de consensual como de ambíguo na adopção e prossecução dos seus princípios, a estratégia metodológica delineada contou, ainda, com outros contributos: análise quantitativa e qualitativa de estatísticas e documentos recolhidos em sítios nacionais e internacionais dedicados às questões da sustentabilidade local e da Agenda 21, no INE e noutras bases de dados da administração central e local; observação e participação em algumas sessões deliberativas de processos participativos em curso, assim como em workshops de promoção deste tipo de iniciativas e, ainda, entrevistas com alguns informantes privilegiados.

Situations of public calamity, such as that caused by COVID-19 pandemic, strongly impact mental health, especially among people who feel most anxious about the imminence of death, as highlighted by the Terror Management Theory. In this research, we investigated how and under which conditions concerns about death itself and anxiety are related to psychological well-being. Specifically, we assessed the role of fear caused by the prominence of death (contextual and dispositional) in anxiety and well-being during the pandemic. Participants were 352 Brazilians, who answered a measurement of fear of death and read a news story about COVID-19. The manipulated news brought the idea of death to prominence (vs. non-prominence). After reading the news, the participants answered scales of anxiety and psychological well-being. The results showed that individual differences in fear of death related to well-being, and that this relationship was mediated by anxiety in face of COVID-19. Contrastingly, the manipulation of the salience of death in the news did not affect this relationship. These results contribute to the understanding of a psychological process related with fluctuations in individuals' well-being during the pandemic, offering insights for future studies that can promote better coping conditions during this period of world crisis.

O presente relatório surge no âmbito da unidade curricular de Iniciação à Prática Profissional III, do Mestrado em Ensino de Geografia. Numa sequência de dez aulas, abordou-se com os alunos a radiação solar e as suas potencialidades. A sequência foi desenvolvida numa turma do 10º ano de escolaridade da Escola Secundária Rainha Dona Leonor, em Lisboa, constituída por 27 alunos, empenhados, questionadores e que gostavam de Geografia. Apostou-se, fundamentalmente, numa Geografia capaz de mobilizar as representações e conhecimentos prévios dos alunos, a fim de permitir refletir sobre os problemas que surgem no ambiente físico e urbano, numa perspetiva de intervenção e de ação esclarecida sobre o território. Há uma abordagem integrada em fenómenos físicos e humanos que se impôs. Através das atividades realizadas, pretendeu-se a participação ativa dos alunos e o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de competências nos alunos. Os alunos responderam positivamente ao desafio, que poderá ser sempre melhorado.

Positive distinctiveness threat is central for understanding ingroup bias, but its role in gender differences in the expression of sexual prejudice is not yet satisfactorily elucidated. We analyzed this issue by proposing that sexual prejudice is a defensive reaction to ensure intergroup distinctiveness, so that heterosexual men are more prejudiced against homosexuals than heterosexual women because they strive more for positive distinctiveness. In Study 1 (N = 232), we found that men exhibited more prejudice against gay men than lesbians, while women did not significantly differentiate their prejudice against these target groups. In Study 2, we manipulated the target group of prejudice (gay men vs. lesbians) in a sample of heterosexual men (N = 79) and confirmed that they differentiated more between heterosexual men and gay men than between heterosexual women and lesbians. In Study 3 (N = 177), we manipulated the threat to the distinctiveness between the ingroup (i.e., heterosexual men and heterosexual women) and the outgroup (i.e., gay men and lesbians) and demonstrated that the perceived distinctiveness mediates the relationship between gender and sexual prejudice in men but not in women. Finally, in Study 4 (N = 75), we manipulated the distinctiveness threat for men and women and measured sexual prejudice by using an implicit measure. The results showed more implicit prejudice in men than in women when intergroup distinctiveness was threatened (vs. affirmed). Our results have important implications for understanding sexual prejudice by shedding light on the role played by the distinctiveness threat of gender differences in expressing homophobia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The national inferiority complex was described in 1958 by the Brazilian journalist Nelson Rodrigues as “how Brazilians voluntarily place themselves in a position of inferiority in comparison to the rest of the world.” In three experimental studies, we tested the hypothesis of a “national inferiority effect” on the behavior of Brazilian participants awarding compensation to a victim of police violence. Study 1 varied the skin color (Black vs. White) and cultural origin (Brazilian vs. African vs. European) of a target and demonstrated the presence of a selective national inferiority effect: participants awarded less compensation to the Brazilian victim than to the European, but higher compensation to the Brazilian victim than to the African, particularly when the victim was White. Study 2 replicated this effect, showing that the victim's skin color is a key factor in the emergence of the national inferiority complex. Study 3 went further and showed that the perceived injustice of an arrest mediates the national inferiority effect. The discussion suggests that the national inferiority complex could represent a compromise between positive distinctiveness and system justification motivations.

The paper puts the food regime model, as elaborated by scholars such as Harriet Friedmann and Philip McMichael, into articulation with the analysis of migration/border regimes, as proposed by critical migration scholars. If by now it is well established that the policies that regulate the mobility of migrant labour play a crucial role in enabling capitalist accumulation in contemporary global agriculture, few analyses have delved into the actual mechanisms which make this possible, and into their histories. The argument is developed by reference to the Italian case, showing how subsequent waves of substitution of Italian labourers with migrants, that began in the 1980s, have followed different patterns. It argues that these can be understood by reading them against the grain of the changes accruing in the transnational migration regime. Thus, precarisation and segmentation of the labour force in the farming sector are shown to have been actively fostered by policies which have made of undocumented or differentially included labour one of the pillars upon which globally integrated food production has relied for the past three decades. Whilst based on national-scale statistics and secondary literature, the analysis also builds upon a sustained presence and engaged participant research in some of the Italian agroindustrial enclaves that record the highest presence of migrant labour.