Repositório RCAAP

The search plan of the Nursing Department of the Federal University of Ceará called: accessibility of physically and/or sensorial deficient people to health care: the object of physical conditions and communication study is to point out any architectonic obstacles making difficult or obstructing any physically deficient people (pdp) to access basic health cares and general hospitals and study the communication problems amongst such people and health caring team members. My participation in such a plan called my attention to such a theme and gave rise to this dissertation, the objects of which are to map the architectonic conditions for the physically deficient people to access any hospital cares in the city of Sobral-CE and point out any internal architectonic obstacles and also in the hospitals for the physical move of PDPs. The theoretical system of reference is based on Law No. 7,853, dated 10/24/1989, which sets up rules to ensure the exercise of individual and social rights of physically deficient people and the effective social integration thereof. Such study is quantitative and used an instrument of data collection of check-list type made by consultation under law. Four general hospitals of the city were included in such study and data collections were performed in the month of May 2004. Some of them have been documented on photos The statistic analysis found out in connection with the areas around hospitals that there no crosswalks (100%) and lowering of curb at strategic points (75%); public and private works with no fence made of planks (100%); pavements with holes and unlevellings (100%); avenues with no holes (50%); visible transit signs (75%); the way going to the institution is signaled (100%), but there are no traffic lights at strategic points (100%). Concerning access to hospitals, there is no lowering of curbs (75%); there is no parking area for PDPs signalized with the International Access Symbol (100%); there is sloping roadway (100%), flight of stairs with no handrail (50%); doors are well sized (100%); swing doors has no appropriate visors (100%); the inner features of the hospitals show that the transit areas have obstacles (100%); the pavement on the outer sloping roadways are non skid. (100%); the inner sloping roadways and stairs have handrails available (50%) but not in compliance wit the lawful standard. One of the hospitals has one floor but the other three ones have three inner stairs; counters are in accordance with legislation (80%) and the public seats as well (33%). Drinking places and telephones are not accessible (95.5%) It was concluded that there are architectonic obstacles in the way from house to hospital, in the direct access to hospital in the inner rooms thereof. The legislation in force assuring the physically deficient people to access the health care has not been complied with. This means that the public service has obviously not been aware of such legislation and has been negligent. The health caring professionals who are also responsible for assuring the citizenship of such portion of population to be exercised have been negligent as well.

Women are disturbed with symptoms of general anxiety in climacteric years/ menopause, creating a mental suffering that adversely affects their life quality. Thus, arising a demand for natural approaches such as acupuncture, which reduces the adverse effects caused by conventional drugs working as a source of self-knowledge and responsibility for individual and collective health. The aims of this study were to assess the acupuncture method as a complementary therapy in women from the Center for Psychosocial Care (CAPS - Centro de Integração Psicossocial) and to identify the intensity of their diffused complaints before and after application of acupuncture and to relate their intensity with socio-demographic factors. Experimental, mixed (single-blind and open), randomized, prospective study, which had as instruments for collecting data the Hamilton Anxiety Scale - HAMA adapted by Souza (2004), held at the Center for Psychosocial Care Prof. Frota Pinto (CAPS III). We complied with the ethical guidelines required for making this research and selected 30 women obeying the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, evaluating the HAMA-BEFORE, randomly distributed into two groups with real acupuncture (GT) and placebo acupuncture (CP), which were subjected to 10 applications once a week, moment in which we assessed the HAMA-AFTER. Fourteen women in treatment at CAPS III completed another control-group making use of medication (CM) whom also received the HAMA AFTER. The Statistical Package Social Science Program was used to process the data - SPSS, version 11.0. We used GraphPad Prism program, version 4) to generate the graphics. The results indicated that the participants between 41 and 60 years old (81.8%) are married (47.7%), concluded Junior School Elementary (47.7%) and High School grades (36.3%), are catholic (77.7%), work at home (50.0%), have no children (36.3%) or few children (43.2%) and which family incomes vary from 1 to 2 living wages (65.9%), low inactivity (31.8%), professionally unfulfilled (61.4%), careworn puberty (63.6%) life experience marked by emotional and/or physical trauma (75.0%), present the climacteric symptoms, psychophysical / menopause (52.3%) and high rate of surgical procedures (59.1%), unsatisfactory conjugal relations affect their psychosomatic lives (r = 6363, p = 0012 n = 30), and those who work at home are liable to present symptoms of anxiety, although not statistically significant (r = 6356, p = 0096 n = 30) There was no significant correlation between HAMA and other socio–demographic variables. We concluded that acupuncture reduced significantly the levels of HAMA on CP and GT groups. The effective acupuncture was lager and clinically reliable. The effective acupuncture and medication reduced the levels of anxiety among women, thence, both can be used singly or joinly. Further studies are needed involving larger, samples with regard to acupuncture, providing a better control of the most imported variables of anxiety. The knowledge acquired and produced during the systematization of acupuncture as of a viable use of health care, can be integrated in public or private institutions, at hospitals or policlinics and in a wide range of specialties

O objetivo geral foi avaliar o perfil de uso de Anticoncepcionais Orais Combinados (AOC) de baixa dose e fatores associados. Os objetivos específicos incluíram: conhecer as condições demográficas e socioeconômicas de usuárias de AOC e principais riscos reprodutivos presentes no grupo; avaliar o conhecimento de usuárias de AOC de baixa dose com relação ao uso correto, efeitos colaterais e complicações; verificar a associação entre conhecimento sobre uso correto, efeitos colaterais e complicações ao uso do AOC com Centros de Saúde da Família (CSF), idade, escolaridade, número de pessoas na família, renda familiar mensal e tempo de uso do AOC e com os tipos de conhecimento entre si e investigar o uso seguro de AOC com base nos critérios médicos de elegibilidade da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Estudo avaliativo, transversal, realizado com 264 mulheres usuárias de AOC. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, de março a julho de 2010. Foi realizada análise estatística simples e bivariada utilizando frequência absoluta e relativa, média ( ), Desvio Padrão (DP), percentis, Intervalos de Confiança (IC) e testes estatísticos não paramétricos, em que se estabeleceu significância para um valor de p < 0,05. Para avaliar o conhecimento das mulheres, foi utilizada escala tipo likert a fim de classificar o conhecimento em Nenhum; Escasso; Moderado; Substancial ou Extenso e para investigar o uso seguro foi elaborado sistema de checagem embasado nos critérios médicos de elegibilidade da OMS. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Ceará, conforme protocolo nº 04/10 e as participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. O perfil das mulheres pesquisadas caracterizou-se por ser jovem, predominando a faixa de idade dos 20 – 28 (139; 52,7%). O tipo de união estável com parceria fixa foi referido por 222 (84,1%) mulheres. Predominou o ensino médio completo em 124 (47%) mulheres, que conviviam com uma média de 3,9 pessoas por família (DP=± 1,50) e uma renda média de 2,4 salários mínimos (DP = ±0,85). As participantes, no geral, apresentaram nível “Substancial” de conhecimento para o uso correto (mediana=4,00; IQ=1,00) e efeitos colaterais (mediana=4,00; IQ=1,00) e “Nenhum” conhecimento para complicações com o uso do AOC (Mediana=1,00; IQ=0,00). As associações estatísticas realizadas permitiram a observação de que um maior nível de conhecimento esteve relacionado a determinados Centros de Saúde da Família (p = 0,01), maior escolaridade (rho = 0, 164; p=0, 008), e condição econômica (rho =0,135; p= 0,029). Ainda assim, equívocos prevaleceram sobre uso correto,efeitos colaterais e crenças do tipo surgimento de massa no útero e infertilidade permearam a percepção das complicações referentes ao uso de AOC. Foi visto que o uso de AOC ofereceu riscos à saúde para 91 mulheres (35%). Há uma necessidade em se despender esforços a fim de assegurar uso seguro e correto dos AOC, levando em consideração as recomendações sobre práticas selecionadas para o uso desse método, bem como os critérios médicos de elegibilidade.

É fato que a problemática relacionada ao não retorno das mulheres para receber o resultado do exame preventivo tem causas multifatoriais, no entanto, partimos do pressuposto que a educação perpassa todas essas áreas e que se realizada de forma dialógica e reflexiva levará às mulheres da passividade à criticidade, de forma a serem sujeitos no processo de adoção de comportamentos saudáveis e busca pela melhoria dos serviços de prevenção do CCU. Este trabalho trata-se de um estudo experimental randomizado, cujo objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma intervenção educativa sobre o exame de Papanicolaou em relação à adesão das mulheres à consulta de retorno para receber o resultado. O local selecionado para realização do estudo foi o Centro de Saúde da Família (CESAF) Aída Santos e Silva, situado no bairro Vicente Pinzon, em uma área da periferia da cidade de Fortaleza-CE. A população do estudo foi composta pelas mulheres que realizaram o exame de prevenção do CCU no referido CESAF. A coleta de dados aconteceu no período de fevereiro a julho de 2008, sendo realizada em três etapas para o grupo de intervenção (inquérito CAP, intervenção educativa e consulta de retorno), e em duas etapas para o grupo controle (inquérito CAP e consulta de retorno). Os dados foram compilados e analisados através do programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 13.0. Para todas as análises, um valor de p <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Durante a pesquisa foram realizados 261 inquéritos CAP (150 do grupo intervenção e 111 do grupo controle). No entanto, foram excluídas do estudo, 11 mulheres (09 do grupo intervenção e 02 do grupo controle) por não terem realizado o exame de Papanicolaou, o que totalizou uma amostra de 250 mulheres (141 do grupo intervenção e 109 do grupo controle). Quanto ao conhecimento sobre o Papanicolaou, apenas 40,4% foram classificadas com conhecimento adequado. Em relação à atitude e prática das mulheres frente ao exame, o percentual de adequação foi de 28% e 67,6% respectivamente. Das 230 (92%) mulheres que retornaram para a consulta no presente estudo, 173 (75,2%) compareceram na data aprazada e 57 (24,8%) após a data aprazada. Esses dados são relevantes, na medida em que permitem afirmar que somente o fato de ter consulta de retorno, como no caso do grupo controle (n = 110), a taxa de exames retidos na instituição caiu de 23,98% para 10,0%. Quando se associou a consulta de retorno à intervenção educativa (grupo intervenção/n = 140), essa taxa baixou para 6,4%. A aplicação da estratégia elaborada durante esta pesquisa demonstrou sua efetividade, na medida em que despertou o interesse das mulheres, mesmo as que eram do grupo controle, em participar da intervenção educativa e em debater sobre a problemática em questão. A eficácia da intervenção educativa aplicada durante o estudo pode ser comprovada através da diminuição da taxa de não retorno à unidade de aproximadamente 24% para 6%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as taxas de não retorno dos grupos controle e intervenção. O resultado desta pesquisa demonstrou que é primordial a garantia de consulta de retorno às mulheres que realizam o exame de Papanicolaou em um dia normatizado pela instituição, com flexibilidade no atendimento às mulheres que não comparecem na data aprazada, para diminuir as taxas de não retorno. Além disso, quando associada a garantia de consulta de retorno à utilização da intervenção educativa sugerida nesta pesquisa, a taxa de não retorno é bem menor, assim pode-se garantir serviço de qualidade na prevenção e controle do câncer cérvico-uterino

Adolescence is a phase of life marked by sexual maturation and accompanied by psychological and social transformations. Although visually impaired persons are subject to the same process, literature has dedicated little attention to this theme. The combination between transformations in this phase of life, the indefiniteness they are accompanied by and the visual impairment justify a study about the sexual experience of female, visually impaired adolescents inserted in society and in the school community. We interviewed five visually impaired adolescents at a Pedagogical Support Center (PSC) for blind and/or visually impaired people. Questions attempted to find out how these adolescents perceived the cause of their visual impairment, their education level, family composition and orientations, affective-sexual experience, level of knowledge about sexuality-related issues, including contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. Results revealed that visually impaired adolescents display the same sexual development characteristics as other people, although with their own properties. The lack of vision does not decrease sexual interest, but only differentiates their curiosity about this subject: they want to get to know their body and its functioning. Like all adolescents, young people who cannot see also attempt to define their identity and place in society. Moreover, they want to discover their own sexuality, find adequate means to express their sexual impulses and experience affective relationships. We found lack of knowledge about contraceptive methods and STDs, with superficial information. In order to create a health promotion culture, knowledge accessible to this population is essential. We believe that visually impaired adolescents should take their own decisions, thus practicing their rights and obligations with a view to the full exercise of citizenship

It is an integrative literature review, which aimed to search and evaluate the available evidence in the literature on perioperative care provided to patients undergoing mastectomy. To select the studies were consulted the databases PUBMED, LILACS and CINAHL and the sample consisted of seven studies. No study has been identified in the databases LILACS and CINAHL, and all seven studies were from the PUBMED. There was a prevalence of 6 studies (86%) with level of evidence 2 and 1 study (14%) with level of evidence 3. After analyzing the issues addressed in these articles, gathered in atopical category: pain management, containing the seven studies. The first study found that a dose of 600 mg of gabapentin administered 1 h before surgery produces significant postoperative analgesia after total mastectomy. The second study showed that use of EMLA in mastectomy patientsreduced the request of analgesics postoperatively and a reductionin the incidence and intensity of chronic pain. In the study 03 found no differences in the management of postoperative pain between 3.75 mg / ml and ropivacaine wound infiltration with saline prior to mastectomy. The fourth study found that preventive administration of ketoprofen intravenously (100 mg) produces greater relief of postoperative pain in patients undergoing mastectomy. The fifth study showed that administration of dexamethasone 8 mgeffectively decreases the use of analgesics in women undergoinggeneral anesthesia for mastectomy. The sixth study showed no association between the index of nitric oxide and the development of chronic postoperative pain. The seventh study found that perioperative administration of venlafaxine significantly reduces the incidence of pain syndromeafter mastectomy. The study had limitations the fact that over the 10 years studied, the only perioperative care of the mastectomy surgery in the literature was related to the pharmacological management of pain and the studies analyzed did not show an association between them, since in each was assessed a different drug, hindering consensus and recommendation regarding the use of drugs to control / minimize the pain. The evidence did not show a consensus for the perioperative care of mastectomy, because we found a diversity of use of drugs for pain control and in most studies there were differences and division of opinion. However, we noted the concern on the part of professionals to minimize / prevent pain before, during and after surgery, and nursing must be attentive to both the update of pharmacological treatments in pain management, for the development of future research related to the care of perioperative nursing.

It has been more than two decades that the world live with the HIV. Within the passing years we’ve learned a lot about ways of transmission, more efficient medical treatments, more accurate laboratory results, immunity, and so on. It’s still evident, however, the stigma experienced with the find out of the disease. That signalizes that the person is stamped and rejected. To carry a stigma means to carry a characteristic not accepted by society. Based on this fact, people live many prejudice situation and their chances of living naturally are reduced. That way, when a woman faces the positive HIV diagnostic she experiences uncertainty feelings and insecurity, those feelings lead her to a crisis moment. Taking all this into account, this work’s aim is to find out the stigmas that surround the women with HIV infection. This investigation is descriptive and exploratory and its nature is qualitative. The scenario is an infirmary of a specialized hospital in Fortaleza – CE .The research period was from December 2004 to March 2005. Ten women with positive HIV participated. The research method used was the Thematic Oral. It was used recorded semi-structured interview to collect data. The women’s reports were analyzed by creating four categories: 1) facing the diagnostic; 2) changes imposed by the disease; 3) guilt; and 4) living in social exclusion. The women were young, with scarce financial income; low scholar level and they were infected by heterosexual way. This profile coincides with the profile of the majority of infected women in Brazil. Many forms of stigma were identified. Most of them were related to the difficulty of dealing with the diagnostic, changes in the women’s lives because they tried to live better, guilt, social exclusion’s evidence and lack of family’s support. When they remembered the experience of receiving the diagnostic news, they expressed fear of death, shame, and concern with their family, abandonment, solitude, sadness and fault. Besides, they had to keep on trying not to loose their jobs. The different stigma that surround their lives don’t let them live naturally and free of any type of prejudice, and this is a right that has to be respected when we talk about women’s infected with the HIV, because they already suffer bad feelings caused by the disease. This work supported changes in the global assistance offered to infected women, emphasizing that the treatment shouldn’t concern only about biological-opportunists diseases, but should also consider the conflicts experienced by the women. That way, we search for an improvement in these women’s life quality. To defeat the stigmas and the prejudice is a task for all the professionals evolved with these women, this can be done by cultural or legal means.

A vulnerabilidade dos adolescentes brasileiros é representada por números expressivos de mortes por causas externas, alto índice de desemprego, evasão escolar, gravidez precoce, infecção por doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e envolvimento com drogas. No sentido de reverter esse quadro desfavorável, as políticas públicas apontam a necessidade de ações intersetoriais voltadas para promoção da saúde dos adolescentes nas escolas. Dentre os profissionais de saúde que poderão atuar continuamente nas escolas, tem-se o enfermeiro da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Este estudo propõe-se a analisar o contexto dos Enfermeiros da ESF para a promoção da saúde do adolescente no cenário escolar, verificar o conhecimento dos Enfermeiros, identificar a atuação deles e identificar as condições influenciadoras para suas ações. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e exploratório, realizado com 168 enfermeiros da ESF de Fortaleza nos Centros de Saúde da Família (CSF), no período de janeiro a outubro de 2009. Aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado. As associações entre ação, atuação e capacitação dos enfermeiros com suas características foram analisadas por meio de testes X2 ou de máximo verossimilhança, sendo considerados estatisticamente significantes aqueles com p < 5%. As questões subjetivas foram organizadas em categorias temáticas, analisando-as qualitativamente. Os aspectos éticos e legais foram respeitados. A população estudada revelou-se eminentemente feminina, em idade produtiva, residindo distante da comunidade na qual trabalham, a maioria graduada a mais de 5 anos e especialista, necessitando de cursos de formação na área estudada e com uma diversidade de recursos comunitários disponíveis para colaborar em sua atuação. O conhecimento dos enfermeiros apontou que aspectos como políticas públicas e legislações, funções do enfermeiro na saúde do adolescente, quesitos da saúde escolar e quesitos da escola promotora de saúde formam um entrelace necessário para a efetivação da promoção da saúde do adolescente. A atuação dos enfermeiros nas escolas foi considerada como uma ação de fundamental importância e viável para este profissional exercer, porém eles consideram-se pouco capacitados para seu desempenho. O espaço escolar foi ainda evidenciado como espaço de promoção da saúde e integração com o CSF e que o enfermeiro foi avaliado por 98,8% como o profissional que deve atuar no ambiente escolar. A atual conjuntura de atuação dos enfermeiros, porém, apontou a necessidade de um novo arranjo, incluindo um planejamento que permita uma maior freqüência, maior diversidade de temas, metodologias criativas, com novos parceiros e atores que atendam as reais expectativas dos adolescentes, buscando a promoção da saúde nas escolas. Foram analisados também os fatores que influenciam e repercutem na atuação dos enfermeiros nas escolas com adolescentes, fomentando reflexão crítica para a construção de uma nova realidade que realmente se concretize de maneira contínua e integrada com a comunidade escolar. A partir dos achados deste estudo, um desencadear de aspectos destaca as ações dos enfermeiros da ESF como viáveis, porém, para sua concretização, o Estado deve se apoderar de seus deveres, permitindo que a promoção da saúde escolar se concretize. Portanto, a atuação dos enfermeiros na escola trata-se de um campo promissor que aguarda o planejamento, estruturação e efetivação para a excelência esperada.

Study on the characteristics of non-verbal communication between the nurse and the blind patient, whose objectives are the following: analyzing the nurse’s non-verbal communication with the blind patient during the nursing attendance; testing the reliability index among the referees of non-verbal communication analysis; classifying the non-verbal signs, according to Hall’s referential (1986); verifying the association between the video recordings and the non-verbal communication factors; and identifying the barriers to non-verbal communication between the nurse and the blind patient. The approach adopted is exploratory, descriptive, and quantitative, aiming at gathering information for intervention and, therefore, for improvement in the quality of assistance to this clientele. The study has been developed during the period of February to April of 2005, in a reference healthcare unit, of secondary level, in the city of Fortaleza-Ce, with nurses that attended to diabetic patients, as diabetes may cause several ocular disorders, such as cataract and diabetic retinopathy. Previously, the fourteen nurses who attended to diabetic patients at the institution had been contacted. Of those, seven agreed in participating of the study, but only four made part of the study group. In what regards the selection of blind diabetic patients, it was performed at random, considering the ethical principles that govern studies with human beings. The group has been constituted, therefore, by people who went blind as a consequence of diabetes, and who were going to be attended by the nurses who were part of the study group. Five blind people integrated the study group. To the data collection, a video camera was employed, which recorded the entire nursing attendance between the nurse, the blind person and his/her companion. The instrument for data analysis to evaluate the non-verbal communication between the nurse and the blind person was elaborated according to Hall’s theoretical referential (1986), with emphasis on the proxemic theory, and received the designation Nurse - Blind Patient Non-Verbal Communication (CONVENCE). Simultaneously to the data analysis, CONVENCE was sent to three referees in order to be analyzed. To the analysis of the video recordings, three other referees were chosen, who agreed in participating in the study and that were trained according to the proposed referential. From CONVENCE, five categories were elaborated, with their respective sub-categories. Category 1: Spatial distance, with the sub-categories 1.1- distance, 1.2- posture, 1.3- axis, 1.4-contact. Category 2 – Social behavior, with the subcategories: 2.1-emblematic gestures, 2.2 illustrating gestures, 2.3 –regulating gestures. Category 3 – Facial behavior. Category 4 – Visual Code, with the subcategories: 4.1 – ocular opening, 4.2 looking direction. Category 5 – Voice volume. The training sessions and the data analysis were carried out with all the referees present in the same room and at the same time that had been preset in the beginning of the training. The video recordings were analyzed each fifteen seconds, summing up 1.131 non-verbal communication analyses. When analyzing the categories and subcategories, the main results that were observed are the following: In category 1, the subcategory minimal distance prevailed with 1.030 (91%), due to the fact that the environment were the attendance took place favored the adoption of almost exclusively that distance, either by the professional or by the patient. In this category, the subcategory 2 has shown that the sitting posture (98.3 %) almost obtained unanimity in the images that were analyzed. When addresser and addressee maintain the same posture, it means that they are attuned, sharing the same rhythm, degree of interest, and movement. Also, in this category, the subcategory 4, denominated contact, demonstrated that in 943 (83.3 %) interactions there was no contact. The most observed gesture in the subcategory ‘emblematic gestures’ was the moving of hands (762 or 67.4%). The looking direction, subcategory 4.2, deviated from the interlocutor added up 597 (52.8%) and centered in the interlocutor, 502 (44.4%). In all the video recordings, there were considerable interferences in the moment of the interaction nurse-patient. Such fact was considered a hindrance to communication. The nurse has to demonstrate interest during the interaction, and it is the look towards the patient that will favor this attention during the nursing attendance. It can be concluded, according to the data, that the nurse needs to know and to intensify the studies in non-verbal communication, and to adequate its use to the kind of patient being attended.

PEREIRA, Maria Teresa Lisboa Nobre. Resistencias femininas e ação policial: (re)pensando a função social das delegacias da mulher. 2006. 273 f. Tese (Doutorado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará,Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2006.

MARQUES, Marcelo Santos. A qualificação profissional no foco da crítica ao sistema do capital: em busca dos egressos do CEFETCE. 2009. 387f. Tese (Doutorado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.

O Planejamento Familiar (PF) de mulheres portadoras de Diabetes Mellitus (DM) guarda especificidades, tendo os profissionais que lidar com as particularidades deste grupo, com risco reprodutivo significativo. Portanto, são mulheres que têm indicação de Métodos Anticoncepcionais (MAC) de elevada eficácia, contra-indicação de determinados MAC em face da doença e/ou do tratamento medicamentoso para o DM, e planejamento da concepção acompanhado de adequado controle da referida patologia. O objetivo geral foi avaliar o impacto da assistência oferecida a mulheres portadoras de DM em pré-concepção e anticoncepção. Os objetivos específicos incluíram: descrever repercussões vivenciadas no processo de engravidar, gestar e parir no perfil obstétrico de mulheres portadoras de DM; identificar o conhecimento de mulheres portadoras de DM sobre cuidados a serem tomados na pré-concepção e sobre riscos maternos e fetais; verificar o conhecimento de mulheres portadoras de DM sobre MAC apropriados a essa condição e analisar a adequação do uso de MAC por mulheres vivendo com DM, tomando por base o perfil da patologia. Estudo avaliativo, transversal, realizado com 107 mulheres acompanhadas em centro de referência para DM de Fortaleza-CE. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, de março a julho de 2009. Foi realizada análise estatística simples, utilizando frequência absoluta e relativa, média (χ), desvio padrão (S) e Intervalos de Confiança (IC). As falas das mulheres foram analisadas conforme Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Minayo. Para avaliar o impacto da assistência em pré-concepção e anticoncepção, foram elaborados os indicadores de impacto: percentual de mulheres que conhecem os MAC indicados para a condição de ser portadora de DM e estão em uso desses MAC; percentual de mulheres informadas sobre os riscos maternos e fetais do DM e sobre as medidas a serem tomadas na pré-concepção; percentual de mulheres que engravidaram e não apresentaram complicações relacionadas ao DM. Para avaliar o conhecimento das mulheres, foi utilizada escala tipo likert da Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem (NOC). O projeto de pesquisa foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Ceará, segundo Resolução no. 196/96, aprovado conforme protocolo nº 27/09 e as participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. As mulheres apresentaram média de idade de 25,7 anos, predomínio de relacionamento com parceiro fixo, renda per capita média de R$ 200,00; 90 (84,1%) tinham DM tipo 1, com média de 11,3 anos de diagnóstico. O perfil obstétrico mostrou-se marcado por repercussões possíveis de associação ao DM; 45 (42,1%) mulheres apresentaram conhecimento moderado sobre os cuidados pré-concepcionais (variou de nenhum conhecimento a conhecimento extenso) e 59 (55,1%) apresentaram conhecimento limitado em relação aos riscos maternos e fetais (variou de nenhum a conhecimento moderado); 76 (71%) desconheciam os MAC indicados para mulheres portadoras de DM (este variou de nenhum a moderado), sendo que 104 (97,2%) estavam em uso de MAC e destas 12 (11,6%) utilizavam MAC contra-indicados em detrimento do DM ou MAC que poderiam potencializar riscos. Concluiu-se que mulheres portadoras de DM necessitam de atenção anticonceptiva eficaz e de acompanhamento para monitorização do DM para que a gestação aconteça em melhor momento clínico. Destaca-se a relevante necessidade de que estes conhecimentos cheguem ao nível extenso, para garantir às mulheres portadoras de DM conhecimento e, assim, uma prática pré-concepcional e anti-anticoncepcional segura.

The arise of HIV/AIDS and the design of the epidemy demanded changes in the sexual and reproductive health of men and women who live with the virus. The fact that survival and life quality improved with the advent of antiretroviral therapy highlighted the aspect of chronicity of HIV infection, outlining possibilities for affective-sexual and reproductive relationships in this new reality, in a complex scenery that involves concordant and discordant couples in contexts of life similar to non-infected people, in a process of re-signification of HIV/AIDS and of search for control of this pandemy. This study aimed to understand sexual and reproductive experience of people who live with HIV. The Humanistic Nursing Theory by Paterson and Zderad was used as a theoretical and methodological reference. This is a descriptive research with qualitative design, held at the infectology clinic of the School Hospital Santo Inácio, in Juazeiro do Norte-CE. The subjects of the study were 16 people who live with HIV/AIDS, 7 men and 9 women. Data were collected from July through November, 2007, through free observation, analysis of medical records and semi-structured interview. For the testimonies’ analysis the technique of content analysis was adopted, from which emerged three themes: 1. Sexual experience; 2. Reproductive experience, and 3. Marriage Experience. In these themes one identified eleven sub-themes: 1. The condom in sexual intercourses; 2. Changes in desire after the discovery of HIV seropositivity, 3. Changes in sexual practice after the discovery of HIV seropositivity, 4. Contraceptive methods used before the experience and living with HIV/AIDS; 5. The condom as a contraceptive reference and protection in sexual intercourses; 6. Ignorance about the use of other contraceptive methods in HIV infection; 7. Desire to have children; 8. Fear of vertical transmission of HIV; 9. (Lack of) knowledge about prophylactic measures to reduce the vertical transmission of HIV; 10. Modification in marital relationship due to self-care and care with the other; 11. The distrust in the partner because of HIV. Out of the people who experience and live with HIV/AIDS one got different experiences and meanings for sexual and reproductive experiences in complex life sceneries, still permeated by the stigma resulting from AIDS. The subjects of this study lived in marital union ranging from eight months through over fifteen years, eleven of whom lived in conjugal concordant relationship to HIV and five in discordant relationship. We did not notice divergence of data by the variable time of union. We noticed difficult socioeconomic situation and presence of children, including five conceived after the knowledge of HIV, and two women during pregnancy. The time spent living with the infection varied from less than a year to more than eleven years. In half the cases the context of discovery of HIV infection involved the gestational period, the others after opportunistic disease or by convincing of the partner, being a difficult moment due to proved marital infidelity. The results indicated that the condom was not part of their sexual routine until the knowledge of HIV, being the virus a determinant condition for joining the condom. The stability of the conjugal relationship served in the pre-infection phase as one of the factors that contributed to the non-use of condoms, causing larger contexts of vulnerability, where the genre appears as the main factor. The use of male condoms, after seroconversion, highlighted the difficulties in adhesion, especially among those who had never experienced this method of protection, revealing possible awareness of the need to adapt to the device in sexual intercourse, which is re-signified for these people. However, there is a bigger confrontation for the maintenance of the prevention practice by the use of condoms in discordant couples. The discovery of HIV seropositivity demanded changes in sexual routine, showing a decrease in sexual desire and change in sexual practices, with different aspects for men and women surveyed. There were changes in routine of contraceptive methods used before the seroconversion, using new methods, especially the male condom, in the presence of HIV. We highlighted the lack of knowledge of alternatives contraceptive methods face to HIV infection and AIDS. The desire to have children was observed in men and women, and the fear of vertical transmission appears as a strong determinant to deny that choice, with the lack of prophylactic measures to reduce vertical transmission. The difficulties in fighting against HIV/AIDS require changes in the daily life of the couple, highlighting a bilateral marital behavior of care for the other in an ambiguous relationship because of distrust with the knowledge of HIV infection. This study allowed us to realize that we must open channels of dialogue about sexual and reproductive experiences, stressing the important dimension that is given to the relationships between professionals and patients, as participants in the search of health promotion in a reality still in construction, of re-signification of life, of relationships and health. The gestational period is highlighted as an important moment for the diagnosis of HIV infection, to advise the recommendations and to reduce vertical transmission, beginning with early prevention of vertical transmission, through humanized care, free of judgments and prejudice. The assistance in sexual and reproductive health for people living with HIV demands several questions and challenges, but it points mainly to the need of integral and non-dichotomous assistance, where prevention and treatment work together, recognizing limits, possibilities, aims and priorities, in the individualization of human care.

Care delivery to newborn infants at the intensive care unit demands theoretical-practical knowledge on skin care, as different procedures lead to the breaking of this protective barrier and can cause severe injuries. Moreover, skin maturity needs to be stimulated in premature infants. Thus, this study aimed to examine the efficiency of the semipermeable membrane as a technological resource for use on premature newborn infants’ (PMNI) skin to reduce transepidermal water loss and electrolyte disorders. This experimental study is a randomized clinical trial and was carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Teaching Maternity Assis Chateaubriand – MEAC in Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil, between March and August 2008. The sample included 42 PMNI who complied with the following inclusion criteria: birth weight ≤ 1,500 grams and gestational age ≤ 32 weeks; permanence of at least seven days at the unit; no severe malformations that affected skin integrity; and the consent of parents and/or persons responsible for the infants. The study variables were weight, water balance, urine density, glucose control, sodium dosage and daily water quota. The data were compiled in Excel and statistical analysis was performed in SPSS. A five-percent significance level was adopted and data were presented in tables and charts. All ethical recommendations were followed during all research phases. All PMNI were admitted from the Obstetric Center and the main medical diagnoses were: prematurity, respiratory discomfort syndrome and hyaline membrane disease. The PMNI were accommodated in a double wall incubator (100%), received mechanical ventilation (95,2%) and (100%), used intravenous hydration via central access (81%) and (100%) , commonly antibiotics therapy, parenteral nutrition (71,4%) and (95,2%), enteral feeding (81%) and (61,9%) , phototherapy (71,4%) and (66,7%). As to birth weight, a daily weight loss of 20g occurred in the intervention group (IG), against 18g in the control group (CG). What diuresis is concerned, data showed a statistically significant regression. As for glucose, 4,4 times more episodes of hyperglycemia were evidenced in CG than in IG. The results for the water quota showed a regression of 7,220 for IG, against 6,094 for CG. What the urine density results is concerned, a slight decrease of only 0,777 was found for IG, against a daily increase of 22.892 for CG, that is, the latter presented higher urine density than IC during the seven days. As to sodium, regression for IG was around 0,603, against 1,835 for CG. Infants in CG had 3.0 times higher chances of hypernatremia in the study period. It was found that the application of the semipermeable membrane, the PMNI for IG was associated with decreased sodium levels and daily fluid demands during the first week of life in PMNI, who also presented less episodes of hyperglycemia and whose urine density was maintained within normal standards in comparison with PMNI in CG. The semipermeable membrane is actually an effective therapeutic resource to minimize transepidermal water losses in PMNI.

Mother’s confidence in their ability to provide good care to their children has proven to be relevant when it comes to maternal health promotion. This dissertation aims to construct a scale in order to measure maternal self-efficacy for preventing infantile diarrhea, by creating its items and dimensions, as well as evaluating the instrument’s psychometric aspects (validity and reliability). The following is both a research on methodology and development, having the model proposed by Pasquali on scale elaboration (1997) as our theoretical landmark. In the pre-empirical part, we carefully examined infantile diarrhea prevention as our construct of interest. The bibliographical survey searched for the keywords “children”, “prevention and control”, “diarrhea” on the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane and LILACS database. The first version of the scale was led by the synthesis of 82 selected papers. It had 35 items and also presented four domains: alimentary habits, domestic environment, mother behavior and child hygiene. The 35 items were evaluated by 30 mothers (who performed the semantic analysis), by 31 other mothers who participated in the scale pre-test and also by seven experts in the construct field. After calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI) and making the proper alterations suggested by the mentioned participators, the pilot test was elaborated, containing itself 25 items. In the empirical part of this paper, the selected sample was formed by 448 mothers of less than 5 years old children. Those women were all registered on one of the six Family Health Centers in which the research took place. Data collection was performed from November of 2009 to February of 2010. A questionnaire on socio-demographic elements and child health aspects was used along with the pilot test. The analytical work involved the construct validity, the criterion validity, Cronbach’s alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coeficient (ICC). Construct validity, through the factor analysis, has indicated the need for exclusion of the item seven and has also shown the existence of two factors/domains (family hygiene, formed by 15 items; and alimentary/general habits, with 9 items) in the Maternal Self-Efficacy for Infantile Diarrhea Prevention Scale (MSIDPS). Regarding the construct validity, hypotheses were tested by contrasting groups comparison. A negative correlation has been observed between the higher maternal self-efficacy for infantile diarrhea prevention scores and the previous occurrence of diarrhea in the child (p=0,001).The higher self-efficacy scores were also associated with older mothers (p=0,018). By using predictive validity, the criterion validity has shown that higher levels of maternal self-efficacy turned out to be a protective factor against infantile diarrhea, according to specificity and to Negative Predictive Value. Cronbach’s alpha of the MSIDPS was 0,84, which indicates high internal consistency. ICC, after test-retest stability analysis, was 0,45, showing the scale’s applicability throughout time. This dissertation has come to the conclusion that the scale is reliable, valid and capable of evaluating maternal self-efficacy for infantile diarrhea prevention.

CANTUÁRIO, Maria Zelma de Araújo Madeira. A maternidade simbólica na religião Afro-Brasileira: aspectos socioculturais da mãe-de-santo na umbanda em Fortaleza. 2009. 251 f. Tese(Doutorado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.

The problem of environmental education (EE) is complex and plural. It also has a worrying importance when faced to the socio-environmental crisis spread in the globe. Investigating such theme demands an understanding about the EE academic process, as well as the teachers‟ conceptions about it − built in their jobs on the camp − especially in Ceará State. Having in mind that all kind of education must be environmental, we got quite interested to investigate the conceptions about that issue in the speech of teachers and students, confronting with the current legal framework, law 9.795/99, constitutional text, besides specific international documents of the camp. This study was developed based on a critical, systematic and axiological way of analyzing the already mentioned documents, with special emphasis on the National Policy of Environmental Education (PNEA) − where definition, principles, objectives and execution of environmental education were taken from. The first chapter points out the normative dimension of the legal and philosophical conceptions found in EE. The second chapter analyses the factors that make the execution of EE difficult, considered − on this research − as a challenge on the training of environmental educators. The discussion aimed establishing the limits and possibilities on the execution of EE and teacher training. The third chapter presented the results of a collecting data research where questionnaires to academics and students were the instruments analyzed. 176 academics from different courses of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) − including the ones who don‟t teach in training for teaching undergraduate courses whereas EE must be transversal in formal education answered the questionnaire. The objective of analyzing the answers of 49 professors from the same state (Fortaleza, Iguatu, Limoeiro do Norte, Maracanaú, Sobral e Crateús) was evaluating: the amplitude of their conceptions about the environment, EE, knowledge about important documents, and their practices in the area. The answers of those questionnaires revealed the context of teachers and students in EE conceptions. They also helped us to better understand the different kinds of activities used in EE in formal education. The last chapter presented the web site: “Environmental Educators” (www.educadoresambientais.com.br) whose objective is spreading EE to support environmental educators‟ formation.

CORDEIRO, Maria Paula Jacinto. Entre chegadas e partidas: dinâmicas das romarias em Juazeiro do Norte. 2010. 242f. Tese(Doutorado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2010.

BENEVIDES, Mário Henrique Castro. Sertões em guerra: civilização e mudança social em Euclydes da Cunha. 2009. 134f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.

SOUSA, Maria Alda de. A propósito do protagonismo juvenil: quais discursos e significados?. 2011. 151 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará,Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2011.