Repositório RCAAP

To identify the use of medicinal plants among university students in health science courses in Ribeira Valley. Exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with students in the final year of bachelor's degrees in nursing, physiotherapy, pharmacy and nutrition. Sociodemographic information and information on the use of medicinal plants were collected. The 76 students participated in the study, 38.2% from the nursing course, 28.9% from physiotherapy, 19.7% from pharmacy and 13.2% from nutrition. Participants are considered to be predominantly female, aged < 25 years, who are denied to use medicinal plants and were unaware of the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices. Most of them believe in the effectiveness of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases and more than half reported that during graduation the topic “medicinal plants” was not addressed in classes, events and/or other academic activities. Bilberry was the most consumed plant among students, with the purpose of treating nausea, malaise, stomachache, digestion and liver pain. Although students reported, believing in the therapeutic effect of medicinal plants, more than half reported not using them. In this context, it is essential to expand discussions on the subject in the academic context, as it may reflect on the performance of future professionals, especially those inserted in Primary Care.

The act of caring for a child with cancer requires a different look in the communicating difficult news in pediatric cancer palliative care. The objectives of the research were: to map in scientific productions the strategies used by nurses in the communication of difficult news in pediatric cancer palliative care; to describe and analyze based on the levels of evidence the strategies used in the communication of difficult news in pediatric cancer palliative care. This is an integrative review, with the PICO question:  What strategies are applied by nurses in the communication of difficult news in pediatric oncological palliative care? LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus and MEDLINE databases were searched from the descriptors: pediatric nursing, oncology, communication. From the results, two categories were constructed about the strategies used by nurses to communicate difficult news. Most of the studies belonged to the category called humanitarian strategies, which presented strategies such as: support, empathic dialogue, active listening and respect. The second category called scientific strategies presented strategies such as: use of communications protocols and multidisciplinary team. It is through these care strategies that nurses strengthen the bond with family members and the child. The findings showed a lack of publications on the subject, as well as the absence of articles with strong evidence.

In this work, polyamide 6 (PA6) was toughened with the terpolymer of acrylonitrile-EPDM-styrene (AES), using ethylene-propylene-diene grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM-MA), as a compatibilizing agent. The blends were prepared in a co-rotational twin-screw extruder and subsequently injection molded. The properties of impact strength, tensile strength and morphology were evaluated. The results indicated expressive increases in the impact strength of the PA6/AES/EPDM-MA blends, compared to the neat PA6. However, the elastic modulus and tensile strength suffered decreases, due to the increased flexibility of the developed blends. The PA6/AES blend compatibilized with 15% of EPDM-MA presented itself as a supertough and ductile material at room temperature. The images obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the increase in the EPDM-MA compatibilizer content favored the presence of more refined and well-adhered particles in the PA6 matrix, thus stabilizing the blend's morphology. In general, the PA6/AES/EPDM-MA blend formulation (60/25/15%) showed potential for high-performance application, with prospects for the production of parts to supply the automotive and electronics industry market.

This is a systematic review of the literature in order to present scientific evidence about the best therapy for anal fissure. Retrospective and analytical study carried out from 1989 to 2020, in the Bireme, Pubmed and Scielo databases. The association of the descriptors “anal fissure” was used; "Aloe"; “Clinical treatment”; "vitamin A"; “Coloproctology”. Of the 238 articles analyzed, 38 were included in the review for meeting the inclusion criteria. Among the results, it was shown that conventional treatments, despite being effective (the gold standard being internal lateral sphincterectomy), have relevant side effects, thus, it is concluded that further research will be necessary to prove the effectiveness of new treatment options.

The genus Psidium belongs to the Myrtaceae family and comprises important botanical species, especially the guava tree (Psidium guajava L.). The essential oil (EO) of this species has already conducted several scientific studies due to its chemical composition and pharmacological properties, highlighting its antifungal action and antimicrobial activities. In this work, two varieties of Psidium, Psidium guajava var. pomifera (Paluma) and Psidium guajava var. pyrifera (Kumagai), were collected in different locations in the municipality of Itacoatiara - AM, the OE of the leaves were evaluated for chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. The extraction of essential oil was performed by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus for 4 hours, quantitative and qualitative analyzes were performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the in vitro test on the inhibition of bacterial growth of Escherichia coli (Migula 1895) Castellani and Chalmers 1919, Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884 and mycelial growth of the phytopathogens Candida albicans (CP Robin) Berkhout 1923 and Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron & Talice 1932. The chemical composition revealed the presence of the monoterpenes: D_limonene, α-pinene, 1.8 - cineol, and the sequiterpenes: trans-nerolidol, trans-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and α-humulene as constituents majority in the evaluated samples. Regarding the biological tests performed, it was possible to observe antimicrobial activity in all strains studied. Based on the results, it is concluded that essential oils of these varieties of P. guajava have promising activities and can be considered as a new source of antimicrobial bioactive compounds.

Fungi are a prolific source of biologically active metabolites, including a wide range of clinically important drugs. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of secondary metabolites extracted from fungal mycelia isolated from freshwater samples in the state of Amazonas. Mycelial extracts from 12 fungal were used, extracted with MeOH/AcOEt (1:1) according to the criteria established by Souza et al. (2004). For antimicrobial activity, the extracts were tested against the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus feacalis, Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. To identify the minimum inhibitory dosage (MID) the microdilution method was used. To perform the cytotoxicity assay, the VERO strain (ATCC® CCL-81TM) was used. The assays were determined by the Alamar Blue method according to Ahmed et al. (1994). The tested extracts did not show antibacterial activity. Five extracts (41.7%), obtained from the fungi Aspergillus - 1283, Chrysoporther - 1169, Diaporther – 1203, Fusarium – 1085, and Trichoderma, showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. Diaporther extract (8.3%) - 1203 was active against C. tropicalis.  In the cytotoxicity assay, 58.3% of the evaluated extracts showed no significant toxic effect. Five extracts, Cladosporium - 1135, Chrysoporther - 1169, Cytospora - 1098, Fusarium - 1085, and Talaromyces - 1244, showed cytotoxic potential, exhibiting viability lower than 70%. The results obtained suggest that mycelial extracts of fungi isolated from water samples from the Amazon region have potential against yeasts of medical interest. Only two of the active extracts were revealed potentially cytotoxic.

This study aims to describe the bibliographic content available in the literature on the use of educational technologies as integrative complementary tools in the training of students and health professionals, with a view to supporting the promotion of health education and promoting viable and accessible alternatives in the development of educational methods in clinical cytology. The study comprised the first stage of theoretical development applied to the construction of Webtechnology, mediated from an integrative bibliographic review, observational and qualitative in nature, based on studies that reiterate themes about educational technologies as tools for the professional development in the health field. The results found mainly deal with the need to change the way of learning, based on the scope for adapting new means and technologies for the higher education system. According to the trends observed in the teaching environment, changes in the requirements of education and society have been widely discussed in the literature. Adherence to these technologies should expand the potential for generating knowledge, in addition to the development of clinical cytology students, revolutionizing the role of the professional and translating new changes in the practice of teaching in cytology.

During the social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the challenges is to continue, in an innovative way, to prepare teenagers for sexual life in a safe way, calling them to the responsibility of taking care of their own bodies to prevent unwanted situations such as contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) or an unplanned pregnancy do not occur. In this sense, there was a need to create a technological space for interaction between expert professors and students at the São Lucas University Center (UniSL), in Porto Velho/Rondônia, and the local community in order to guide the counseling on definitive contraceptive methods, sexual rights, reproductive rights and women’s freedom, also an interactive session on myths and truths about contraceptive methods.

The resident microbiota of poultry presents a great variety of commensal and/or mutualistic microorganisms, which colonize from the crop, permeating through the proventriculus, ventricle, small intestine and its portions (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and large intestine (cecum, colon, and rectum). They act in the metabolism of nutrients in the diet, generating important metabolites for the balance of the intestinal microbiota and in the preservation of the tissue wall of the intestinal organs, resulting in better use of the nutrients in the diet, as well as greater animal productivity. Knowledge about this ecosystem and how it works is extremely important, since through functional additives it is possible to influence the intestinal microbiota, improving the absorption and animal performance. This literature review has as its main objective to indicate the main aspects of the intestinal microbiota of poultry and their habitats, and some of the main microbiota-enhancing additives used in animal nutrition to ensure the health of the poultry intestinal environment. The methodology adopted was a descriptive study, resulting in a literature review based on worldwide scientific articles.

This study proposes to review the literature about the Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) to identify the clinical characteristics and know how to differentiate them from other enamel anomalies to promote the correct diagnosis and treatment of these cases. An exploratory narrative bibliographic review was carried out through consultations in the SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and BVS databases, based on articles published in Portuguese and English, without restriction to the year of publication. The 22 studies selected for this review, evaluated MIH as a qualitative defect in enamel development, with a not so defined systemic etiology, in which it is possible to observe chromatic or structural changes in the enamel of first molars and permanent incisors. Teeth affected by MIH have an enamel with well-defined opacity, with a white, yellow, or brown coloration, visually identified as an abnormality in their translucency. Soon after the eruption of the tooth element, episodes of post-eruptive fractures are commonly seen due to the characteristics of the enamel being porous, being fragile, and susceptible to fracture. Frequently, the clinical features of MIH can be confused with other developmental defects of the enamel, thus hindering the early diagnosis and an adequate intervention for its treatment. Therefore, knowledge about this anomaly allows the professional to establish a differential diagnosis, which will favor an effective treatment plan, thus avoiding tooth loss and the establishment of a condition of well-being and comfort for the patient affected with this condition.

Pandemic of COVID-19 has triggered intense global research activity to develop vaccines as a strategy against SARS-CoV-2. To stimulate technological innovation and evaluate the landscape protection of processes and products related to this area, the aim of this research was to realize a prospective study of related patents to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Searches were carried out in the patent databases: EPO, USPTO and INPI using the descriptors "SARS-CoV-2" and "vaccine" or "SARS-CoV-2" and "vaccine", being included vacines patents and/or components that contained the International Patent Classification (IPC) codes: A61K39/00, A61K39/12 and A61K39/215. Exclusion criteria were duplicates in the same database. A total of 62 patents were found, 51 at the EPO, 11 at the USPTO and none at the INPI. The volume of patents found is considerable given that the disease appeared in December 2019. In addition to complete vaccines, carriers, peptides with oligonucleotides, adjuvants, cells, epitopes, proteins, recombinant viruses and artificial genes were also patented. The applicant companies are 61.3% patents applied for by Chinese companies, 16.1% by US companies, and 22.6% by companies based in other countries. The inventors nationalities with expressiveness in patent filings were represented by Russians and Chinese, respectively. With the survey it was possible to verify that the pandemic has significantly broadened the gaze of the scientific community for investigations that provide a solution to the disease, generating high production of scientific and technological knowledge that culminated in the filing of patents related to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

Piperine is the main alkaloid amide extracted from the seeds of Piper ningrum L., has biological properties of the type: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, bioavailability of drugs. Zinc-Eugenol Oxide (ZOE) together, constitute the cements widely used in dentistry as a temporary dressing. This study aimed to verify the antimicrobial action of the composition from Piperine and ZOE. The agar diffusion method with well drilling was used in OZE/PIP solutions with different percentages of piperine: 4, 5, 10 and 20%. The reference strains were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The concentration of piperine 4% showed the greatest inhibition halos when tested with the strains P. aeruginosa (29mm), S. aureus (26mm), E. coli (24mm). The increase in the concentration of piperine in the composition did not influence the sizes of the inhibition halos, except for S. mutans that formed a 15 mm halo in the composition with 5% piperine and Enterococcus that formed 14 mm halos with 5 and 20% piperine. The composition proved to be efficient, in its different proportions, in combating more resistant microorganisms (S. aureus), and in the most common microorganisms in the oral cavity (S. mutans, C. albicans).

Interprofessional communication platforms have shown promise in the articulation between primary and specialized care. This article sought to analyze the health impacts resulting from the use of electronic communication systems between general practitioners and specialists. An integrative review was carried out in the BVS, PubMed and Scielo databases, and an analysis of gray literature in the Google Scholar platform, without a time filter. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 studies were selected. These were published between 2000 and 2020, were mostly Canadian studies, and had electronic systems developed for multiple specialties as predominant. Through a variety of approaches, the articles highlighted a reduction in referral rates to specialized care services, cost savings and improvement in the quality of health care provided by primary care as impacts resulting from the use of interprofessional communication platforms.

Urban policy is the set of measures that aim to organize living spaces, organizing all areas in which human beings carry out social activities and all property, without exception, respecting the owner's right, must fulfill its social function. Most municipalities in the state of Goiás face the problem of informal urban growth with irregular constructions and illegal settlements, for example. In Goiás, the permanent land regularization program was created with the objective of legalizing illegally occupied areas “Casa Legal”. This article is a qualitative-based case study that analyzes the implementation of the program in Parque das Brisas in Caldas Novas’ municipality of GO, where the policy of land regularization of social interest was adopted in order to donate property titles to its residents through the process of legalizing areas of social interest. Results show when there is an integration of public and private interests, the legal system can determine prohibition of abusive use of property. The process took place with specific approaches, integrated and complementary to each other, involving inter/multidisciplinary aspects such as land tenure, search for documents of existence of the land, succession chain, existing plants and records, in order to enable land titling.

The increase of the world population generates the need to raise the production of food of vegetal and animal origin. In Brazil, livestock farming has evolved, demonstrating the important role of the country in the production of food. In this way, researchers of this productive chain have been looking for technologies related to production and reproduction, above all, to the use of reproduction biotechnologies, seeking to increase the production of different bovine breeds. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of ovarian FSH super stimulation in bovine Wagyu oocyte donor females on follicular dynamics and in vitro embryo production. Twelve Wagyu animals, aged 12 to 24 months, randomly distributed in a crossover design were used in two groups: Group 1= animals not stimulated with FSH and Group 2= animals stimulated with FSH. The follicular, oocyte and embryonic variables were evaluated. It was observed that ovarian overstimulation in Wagyu oocyte donor cows with FSH improved the mean and large follicles but reduced the rate of oocyte recovery and, despite the best percentage of viable oocytes, there was no improvement in the amount of embryos produced in vitro.

The purpose of this review was to evaluate whether preterm birth affects palate morphology. Opened electronic search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Lilacs, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted and a partial search of the gray literature using Google Scholar, Open Gray and ProQuest. We included studies with infants born prematurely (born up to the 37th week of gestation and weighing less than 2.500 g) and not preterm infants; intubated and not intubated. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and bias risk assessment. Selection criteria included observational, retrospective and prospective, randomized or nonrandomized cohort studies and control studies. There was no restriction on publication time and article language. A total of   2344 articles were found after the duplicates were removed, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria and were submitted to a Bias Risk analysis using MASTARI. Scientific evidence was found for altered palate morphology among premature infants, and oral intubation was a contributing factor for such alterations. Based on this review, it is concluded that premature birth changes palate morphology, when prematurity is associated with the use of the orotracheal tube.

Mandibular fractures are relatively common, but fracture patterns and treatment modalities vary depending on the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the region. This article aims to carry out a case report of an 80-year-old patient, victim of a fall from his own height, with an atypical mandibular fracture in the left mandibular body and angle region, with three fracture lines uniting in the posterior region of mandibular branch. Treatment was instituted according to the observed fracture pattern and following the principles of rigid internal fixation, with good postoperative evolution, even if the patient is still being followed up. Thus, it can be concluded that the proper management of any fracture pattern and an adequate follow-up of each case is necessary to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in fertile women. It is called hyperandrogenism, which can lead to symptoms such as acne, menstrual irregularities, obesity, ovarian cysts, hirsutism. This can trigger many complications such as infertility and neoplasms, so it is necessary to make an early diagnosis. Exposure to large amounts of intrauterine androgens can lead to the accumulation of fat mass. Objective: To demonstrate the pathophysiological link between obesity and PCOS. Methodology: This is a literature review. The research was conducted through online access in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and EBSCO Information Services databases, in July 2021 Results and discussion: Adipose tissue has a vast diversity of interactions and cell types, in addition to being metabolically active. In PCOS, obesity is predominantly qualified by an extension in the fat cell size (hypertrophic obesity) more than the extension in the number of adipocytes (hyperplastic obesity). It is likely that the loss of lipolytic function of the adipose tissue is secondary to hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients, which would cause greater insulin resistance. Conclusion: PCOS has a high incidence and if obesity has already assumed epidemic proportions, it is essential to make individuals aware of this reality. Overweight, obesity and, particularly, central obesity can exacerbate it, with possible consequences on the phenotype of the disorder, as well as corroborating problems related to this pathology, such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular problems.

Introduction: The ABO blood group is an example of evolutionary adaptation where, for thousands of years, microorganisms and humans interact in a symbiotic or pathological way, influencing the genetics of the populations and the evolution of the human genome by the natural selection of specific alleles capable of modifying pathogens. Objective: to analyze or prognostic meaning of two antigens of two blood groups ABO and Rh together with various parameters in patients accompanied as a diagnosis of COVID-19. Methodology: This is a descriptive research of an integrative literature review type, which seeks to analyze or prognostic meaning of two antigens of two blood groups ABO and Rh, together with various parameters in patients accompanied by a diagnosis of COVID-19. A research was carried out through online access to databases National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Google Scholar, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) and EBSCO Information Services, no more than July 2021. Results: The most frequently observed blood type was or A + among patients with COVID-19. The Rh + blood group was found in all cases admitted to UTI with a fatal evolution. Or blood group A was associated with an increased risk of infection, or group O was associated with a reduced risk. Conclusion: There is no way to affirm the association of blood group A positive with COVID-19 with scientifically proven results in different populations. However, the association between blood groups and other past infections cannot be ignored.

Introduction: Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology is a platform that has been investigated for many years. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic forced scientists from all over the world to unite around the development of several vaccines, having bet on those that are considered conventional, that is, based on the virus itself, but inactivated, or on its fragments, cultivating them in the laboratory. Objective: To demonstrate the mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines against Covid-19. Methodology: This is a descriptive research of the integrative literature review type, which seeks evidence on mRNA vaccines against Covid-19. The search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scielo, CDSR, Google Scholar, BVS and EBSCO databases, from 2015 to 2021. Results: The ANN approach is a very interesting and important fact, because these ANNs, identical to viral, are introduced into the cells of the human body's immune system, inducing them to produce parts of a protein that the virus also manufactures, called spike (S), easily identified through each of the tips that are already known in the Covid-19 virus images. Conclusion: This is just the beginning of a great technological revolution for the production of vaccines that may, in the future, fight several other viruses using this technology with different mRNA segments, providing the development of treatments for various diseases through the same principle of action.