Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The politics Brazilian education has increasingly emphasized the aspect of inclusion in recent years. This movement follows international trends and is in line with the regulations governing education in the country. The Military College System in Brazil has been looking for to adapt to this new reality. In this context, this study has aimed to understand the systematic implementation of Inclusive Education in this differentiated education network, from the perspective of culture. The research was carried out through a qualitative study, from document analysis and data collection. The population consisted of the target audience of Inclusive Education students regularly enrolled in the participating units, as well as the teaching agents involved in this process. In order to achieve the purpose of this investigation, a questionnaire was applied, aimed at the public participating. Data verification followed a qualitative approach, using the content analysis method. The primary results have focused on the identification of the main aspects related to the military culture that impact the inclusion process and the secondary results have focused on the characteristics of the model that has been adopted to implement this educational modality. The answers obtained indicate that the elements of the Brazilian military culture were absorbed on a large scale by The Military College System in Brazil and influence the implementation and consolidation of Inclusive Education in the System, some positively and others negatively, favoring this process and sometimes hindering this process.

This dissertation was development in the Post-graduate in Education Program of Federal University of Santa Maria, Research Line in Special Education, Inclusion and Difference (LP3), in the context of Difference, Education and Culture Research Group (DEC). The studies objects were practices operated by Special Education teachers. From this, I looked to problematize the effects of inclusive discourses in the subjectivation process of Special Education teachers, based on their narratives. It participated in the research eight Special Education teachers, who work in different educational institutions (from kindergarten to higher education). Based on post-structuralist studies, mainly on Michel Foucault's theories about discourse - as a practice that produces subjects and truths - I sought to promote listening to school practices developed by Special Education teachers in the context of neoliberal policies. As well as I intended to identify the speeches produced by Special Education teachers about the schooling and normalization processes operated by the school inclusion policies. Besides, I analyzed the possibility of production of multiple practices in the school contexts. From the teachers’ narratives, I porpose an analytical discussion that look to discourses produced by school inclusion policies and the ways as it has conducted the teachers’ school practices. In these analyses, it resorted announcements that indicate the subjectivation of teachers related with accountability by inclusion in school context and the clinic discourses that imposes the needs of diagnostics under students. However, concurrently with this teachers capture, there are recurrences that indicate teachers who feels provoked to disobey a network of discourses that produce truths, which subject us. These teachers are more willing to stick to lives that pulsate in schools than to diagnoses that end up living in normative standards.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The complexity of the rural environment is due, in large part, to the heterogeneity of production systems and, within these systems, it is possible to classify them by the use or not of paid labor within the properties. Specifically, non-employer livestock systems still maintain the characteristic of being more traditional in their production in order to ensure the autonomy of the family group, which can often lead to worse production indicators. However, despite the limitations that this category finds, it has great social, economic and environmental relevance, making it important to understand the dynamics of these environments and their possible reflection on the scope of the refrigeration industry and on the consumer market. In this sense, this work aims to analyze and compare characteristics of carcasses from non-employer and employer systems, as well as identify the perception of consumers regarding the non-employer system and its product. The research was carried out in two stages: database analysis and a questionnaire. For data analysis, slaughter data from 2010 to 2013 were collected in a meatpacking industry, located in the center of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. 437,332 from cattle ranchers, in which cold carcass weight, dentition, finishing degree and quality program were evaluated. The differentiation between the livestock models was made from the existence or not of employees, declared by rural producers in the sale of their animals to the slaughterhouse. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, evaluating the effect between production systems and their interactions with sex, months and years, using the number of animals in each batch as a covariate, which was the experimental unit. To analyze the consumers' perception, a questionnaire was applied, with objective questions and free association of words, totaling 550 respondents. Data were collected between April and June 2021. The words of greatest impact remembered by respondents were subdivided into dimensions and categories, an exploratory technique of multivariate statistics was also used to distinguish the perception of consumers, and the same was performed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on a variance- covariance matrix. Animals from non-employer livestock systems had, on average, lower cold carcass weight, greater maturity, lower degree of finishing and lower participation in quality programs, differing (P<0.05) from animals from employer livestock. Females did not differ (P>0.05) regarding dentition and degree of finishing between production systems. Over the months, regardless of gender, they did not differ (P>0.05) regarding the degree of finishing, except in February and December when animals from the employer's livestock were better finished. In the free association of words, it was identified that the dimensions family aspects, production chain, hedonic attitudes and feelings, food/products and sustainability characteristics were the most cited when consumers thought of non-employer livestock systems. Consumers believe that there is no difference between animals produced in different systems. Some consumers associate production in non-employer systems with environmentally correct production processes. However, even though there is a difference in favor of carcasses from employer livestock systems, the interviewed consumers demonstrate that there is room for differentiation of products from non-employer livestock systems, willing to pay higher amounts for certified products of this social category.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This study aims to propose suggestions for management improvements in the postgraduate program Public Organizations Management (PPGOP) based on CAPES Evaluation System. The methodology is classified as qualitative in terms of nature, as descriptive in terms of research objective and as a case study in terms of research strategy. Data collection was developed in two stages in which, first, data were collected through Sucupira Platform and also through the documents that make up the curricular structure of the unit of analysis; then, the analyzes and later results were carried out. The data were treated by descriptive analysis. As for the results, we observed that the PPGOP is moving towards a higher assessment than the one it currently maintains, the analyzed triennium, and, compared to courses with higher grades, it demonstrates that, in several sectors, it has been improving and developing actions that lead to the improvement in the program grade. PPGOP stands out for presenting research lines structured in a significant number, evolution in offering diverse subjects and a highly qualified faculty, besides being the only postgraduate program in professional master’s degree in southern Brazil. On the other hand, it faces challenges, such as little financial incentive, and the attempt to develop the internationalization of the course, which is still weak today. Therefore, the proposed final product is called an action plan with suggestions for improvement according to criteria defined by CAPES, in which there are several planning and organization methodologies for implementing them.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This dissertation addresses the hurry-up spending and deferral of expenses by means of end-of-year flexibility on discretionary current and capital primary expenditure at the Federal University of Pampa, in parallel with the description of the internal budgetary decision-making characteristics for the period between 2010 and 2019. The hurry-up expenditure and the year-end flexibility were described by period and line-item categories using two multiples of the annual average of budgetary expenditures with conter-physically benefits received into the financial year. Expenses on transportation, supplies and per-diem respond for more than 38% of its annual average as hurry-up expenditure on a recurring basis. Capital expenditures had responded for most of the hurried and erratically deferred expenditures. In parallel, a content analysis on documents on budgetary decisions and deliberations resulted in variables that were grouped into an initial theoretical construct of five factors. Through factor analysis, the construct was reduced to three predominant factors. Thus, the decision-making process of of the discretionary primary current and capital spending at UNIPAMPA was characterized by being more political than of social participation, and this model fits first, with the existence of rushed spending in budget execution verified in the period between 2010 and 2019 and , then, with an execution of most of the discretionary expenditures physically out of the financial year.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The scientific literature reveals the promising effects of Dialogic Reading (DL) on the reading comprehension of children with typical and atypical development. Studies also point to the effectiveness of involving primary caregivers as intervention agents in treating children with autism. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a reading program that employs Dialogic Reading (DL) principles on the reading comprehension of a 3-year-old child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and a 4-year-old with typical development. Using a quasi-experimental intra-subject research design, the effects of a DL protocol, employed by the mothers, on the children's responses were evaluated. The study was carried out at the residence of the dyads. Autoscopy was used as a training strategy for caregivers, who learned to use the proposed DL protocol. The results revealed that: (a) caregivers learned to implement the protocol with their children; (b) children with typical development showed an increase in the frequency of correct answers and interaction initiatives; (c) the child with autism became more responsive; and (d) the protocol was positively evaluated by the caregivers. Adaptations to the protocol as well as its limitations are discussed.

The present, thesis entitled “Emotional pains in teachers: hermeneutics of formative processes in the self-understanding of university professors”, was developed in the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Santa Maria in the Research Line Teaching, knowledge and professional development. The main element of the study proposal is to recognize emotional pain, translated into anxiety, stress, depression and other symptoms, and the contribution of teaching knowledge to the hermeneutic (re)configuration of self-understanding of university professors, based on neuroscientific investigations of Antonio Damásio and Baruch Espinosa. With this objective, we chose to investigate the following problematic question: In what sense does the self-understanding of university professors about their emotional pain, which put their emotional health at risk, contributes (or not) to the pedagogical (re)configuration of their formative processes? The methodological design of the research favors the qualitative approach of a hermeneutic nature, which involves listening to involved subjects, having as reference the characteristics of the symbolic hermeneutics of Andrés Ortiz Osés. Hermeneutics is referenced in order to be able to recognize, in the narratives of university professors, the emotional pains, as well as the contribution of teaching knowledge to the (re)configuration of pedagogical self-clarification. To illustrate this path, the Greek tragedy “The Bacchae” is used in order to explore its hermeneutic potential for interpretation and meaning for the understanding of the human relationship with its inner nature. This is how the discussion joins the investigations of neuroscientist Antonio Damásio, whose intuitions point to the centrality of emotions in rational life. Emotions make human beings unique and enable them to read a repertoire of the feelings involved in the action, created from the interaction of body and mind. He proposes that the emotions of pain, suffering, or anticipated pleasure were the motivating forces of culture, the mechanisms that propelled the human intellect and monitored the success or failure of cultural inventions. Another important contribution to this study was the thought of Baruch Espinosa and his concepts of affection, freedom and servitude. Other theoretical contributions were essential and all listed in the theoretical framework. The chosen research technique was narrative and, in it, four professors have been heard via google meet. In these narratives, their conflicts are present, whose possible interpretation, at this time and with the chosen theoretical contributions, were caused by the inconsistency between culture and the possibility of self-management of life, insecurity in the face of non-recognition of oneself and the other, vanity expressed in the teacher's self-image and the discredit of the contribution of pedagogy to the realization of a disruptive work in relation to beliefs. Thus, knowledge of self-clarification is proposed as a component of the organization of teacher training processes. It is formed by the knowledge of articulation between reason and emotion, sense of self, self-determination and self-management of life, deconstruction and (re)signification of concepts and beliefs and pedagogical self-clarification.

The present investigation, linked to the Post-Graduation Network Program whose research line is Management of Educational Technologies in Network, sought to investigate the informational behavior of UFSM Post-Graduation teachers linked to three programs. The research observed the search for and use of information on the web and in the university libraries of the same institution. The objectives were: a) to identify the profile of the professors; b) to list the most used sources of information; c) to identify reasons for success and failure in information searches; d) to find out how the searches and the use of information are carried out; e) to compare the informational behavior of the professors of the three programs; f) to create a technical report as the resultant product of the research. It is a case study and the methodology adopted is based on an applied research of exploratory-descriptive character and of mixed quali-quantitative approach. It had as a research instrument the application of a questionnaire, with closed and open questions, to the professors of the Postgraduate programs of the courses of Letters, Chemistry and Educational Technologies in Network. The intentional research sample aimed to interpret the searches, the use of information, and to find evidence of new sources of information used by the post-graduate teaching group at UFSM. The results of the research showed that the graduate teachers recognize informal databases as a source of information, but the research did not reveal whether these sources are used in research, they start their searches usually by the Google Scholar metasearch engine, blogs are not used as a source of scientific information by most of the study participants, they do not have the habit of consulting library catalogs, the high cost of access to international and national databases is a problem and few participants showed they use the specialized databases within their area of work. It was observed that information literacy as continuous learning would be an excellent option for the whole academic community, as well as the continuous training of teachers in the use of general and specialized databases. The data collected in this study will be useful for information professionals regarding the updating and adequacy of training, directing users to research needs.

This doctoral research is part of the Teaching, Knowledge, and Professional Development line of the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM/RS). Its general objective is to understand how a training course in Early Childhood Education intentionally organized from the assumptions of the Historical-Cultural Theory can be constituted as a formative process of teaching-learning aiming at the development of the child’s higher psychic functions. To achieve this general objective, three investigative actions were listed, namely: Identifying the actions necessary for the formation of a training course in Early Childhood Education; Reflect on the importance of theoretical-practical sharing for teaching, learning, and reframing; Discuss the possibilities of organizing teaching in Early Childhood Education, creating conditions for the appropriation of scientific concepts by children. A formative action was also established, namely: Organizing a collective process of learning knowledge about the process of child development, as well as for the organization of teaching in Early Childhood Education, based on the Historical-Cultural Theory (THC), Activity Theory (TA), and the Teaching Guidance Activity (AOE). The study is based on the assumptions of the Historical-Cultural Theory, which understands that through the appropriation of historically elaborated knowledge, subjects become humanized. To apprehend the reality, a training course in Early Childhood Education entitled: “Discovering and learning about Early Childhood Education” was offered to teachers, future teachers, and professionals in education. In the first part of the course, theoretical studies were conducted, while in the second part, actions were planned that were developed in a municipal public school in the city of Santa Maria/RS in Early Childhood Education classes. As a conclusion arising from the first unit, “The actions of those who organize,” it was possible to identify that the intention of those who organize a training process interferes with learning, through appropriations made or not by the subjects. In unit two, “The actions of those who study and learn” the importance of the study in the process of revisiting and requalifying practices was highlighted and that this study, when shared, helps to understand theory and practice. From unit three, “Actions aimed at the organization of teaching,” it was possible to recognize the role of sharing ideas for conscious planning, passing through the study/research/appropriation. Thus, it is argued that a training course in Early Childhood Education guided by the assumptions of the Historical-Cultural Theory is constituted as a teaching-learning process when the participating subjects understand the importance of their role as educators in the intentional organization of teaching, aimed at main activity of the child (the game), and the development of higher psychic functions, which implies being active.

The current economic model is based on the self-regulated market system. The predominant mechanism is commercial exchange, often making other economic forms such as reciprocity, donation and redistribution, coexisting in the peasantry, secondary and invisible. This thesis aimed to analyze self-consumption, transfers and food donations, as well as their purposes and socioeconomic importance in the context of rural settlements in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The bibliographical review was aligned with a Polanyian perspective, on economic systems that point to reciprocity and giving as alternative economic forms that coexist with the system of mercantile exchanges. The study had mixed research methods and predominantly qualitative analysis, using exploratory research, survey and direct observation. The survey of empirical data took place between the months of May and December 2019, in three settlements: Itapuí/Meridional, Conquista do Imigrante and Ceres, with a total of sixty-five people interviewed. Through analysis of data from the Census of Agriculture (2017), it was found that 40% of all rural establishments in the country have as their main purpose their own consumption and people with family ties with the producer. Empirical data showed that 100% of the interviewed families produce for self-consumption, where the highest average values are found in those whose main economic source is the dairy activity, with a value exceeding 15 thousand reais per year, equivalent to 15 minimum wages per year. Also, it was found that more than 50% of the interviewed families have children living in the city and that they are supplied with food from the settled parents, where transfers and food donations were present to a greater or lesser degree for 88% of the interviewees , and for 60% of them it is a frequent practice. Among the most transferred or donated foods are those abundant in the production unit, especially those of animal origin, especially meat. With regard to transferred or donated amounts, it appears that the highest averages are in families that have the dairy activity and retirement as their main economic source, with an average of R$ 340.00 monthly, equivalent to 0.34 salaries monthly minimums. Retired people are the ones who most transfer or donate food, with an average of 33% of the total produced for self-consumption. In regional terms, the average amounts transferred and donated represented 0.28 monthly minimum wages in Itapuí/Meridional, 0.21 monthly minimum wages in Ceres and 0.19 monthly minimum wages in Conquista do Imigrante. Finally, it appears that in settlements with longer creation time, more attention is given to the production of food for self-consumption and, consequently, the volumes and frequency of transfers and donations from these are greater. In this sense, the production of self-consumption, transfers and food donations are important in the economic and social context of the settled family and for other people in the surroundings, whether they are family members or not, but who unite around a non-market economy moved for the gift and reciprocity still present today.

One of the challenges faced by small municipalities is the implementation of public policies in order to solve problems related to basic sanitation. In this context, the Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan is mandatory provided for in Federal Law 11.445/2007, so it is of paramount importance for plans to be prepared in accordance with the local reality. This study aims to identify and analyze the PMSB of the 27 municipalities in Northwest Rio Grande. The research was carried out in an exploratory way, with a qualitative approach, in order to provide greater familiarity with the problem, with a view to making it more explicit. The methodology was divided into three stages: a reference research and a documental research, with reading of the Municipal Basic Sanitation Plans (stage 1), through the application of a simplified questionnaire with the municipal responsible for the respective documents (stage 2) and technical evaluation of the PMSB, through a methodology adapted from the Ministry of Cities roadmap (step 3), aiming to evaluate the compliance of plans according to minimum content, provided for in Law Nº. 11.445/2007 and in Law Nº. 14.026/2020. Among the difficulties faced are: not having the document digitally; claiming that the PMSB does not exist and confusing it with the PGRS. The 27 municipalities responded to the simplified questionnaire and, in general, it was observed that although those responsible had participated in the committees, the information was not always clear, which indicates that there was probably little active participation of the holder in the elaboration of the plan. With the tool adapted from the Ministry of Cities roadmap (2016), it was possible to evaluate 23 municipalities, reaching as a final conclusion that 12 municipalities (52.17%), the Plan satisfactorily contemplated minimum content; 5 municipalities (21.74%), the Plan contemplated the content in a moderate way, it was recommended to anticipate the revision of the document; and 6 municipalities (26.10%), the Plan contemplated a small part of the minimum content, it was recommended to immediately review the document. As for the tool used, it was of paramount importance to obtain the overall result, it is recommended to use it as a primary instrument serving as a basis for performing other detailed analyzes regarding the quality of content in the PMSB. The use of the methodology adapted from the Ministry of Cities (2016), named in this study as an analytical tool for simplified analysis of the minimum content of the PMSB, which exclusively identifies the existence of the minimum content, but does not explore the results obtained by each municipality. In this sense, it is essential that new research be directed towards measuring the performance of actions carried out in the long term, adopting qualitative and quantitative indicators for this comparison.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The complexity of electrical systems instigates the need for increasingly complete analysis of elements belonging to the network. With the addition of elements in the system, to optimize the energy services offered, also increase the probabilities of instability. Some typical scenarios in power systems can generate transients to the system, which provide impacts on current and voltage behavior. When considering that not only power transformers are of paramount importance in the context of electrical systems, but also other equipment relevant to their optimal operation, it is proposed to study the electromagnetic transients that occurred in the networks, which subject this equipment to current and voltage disturbances. This sudden oscillation can generate losses to both the transformer and the system in general, therefore, the studies and analyses performed around transients are fundamental. The objective includes an analysis of the impact and behavior of the current in the network that involves the Santo Antonio HPP, Jirau HPP and bipoles subsystem. Thus, a complex power system is modeled, mainly for the details of generating units and transformers used. It is possible to demonstrate a modeling performed in a permanent regime and transient proportion of events in the network. With the aid of the ATPDraw software, a computational tool that allows the modeling and analysis of transient effects, some scenarios are implemented in the high voltage system, considering the connection of the generating units to the transformer. From the proposed methodology, it becomes possible to observe the impact of the behavior of some quantities as current, in addition to analyzing the effects generated on the restrictions of operational limits of voltage and frequency in the wave profile. The allowable capacity of the equipment, as well as the generating capacities of the generating units, are also considered for restrictions.

This study is linked to the Professional Master's degree of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) in the line of research 2 - Pedagogical Management and Educational Contexts and has as main objective to investigate about the understandings about teaching with children, observing and accompanying the work a group of teachers working in Early Childhood Education of Santa Maria-RS. This research is anchored in the understanding that Public Educational Policies guide Early Childhood Education as a whole, so, in view of this, we tried to understand what determined the different educational practices, in contexts of Municipal Schools for Early Childhood Education (EMEIs) and Municipal Elementary Schools (EMEFs). Throughout the research, metaphors were used in order to represent the movements of the research. This research was developed through a qualitative approach, being considered of an applied nature and implicated, because it is tied to the Municipal Public Network of Santa Maria, the researcher's work context. Data collection was performed with five teachers working in Early Childhood Education, one EMEI and three EMEFs, from individual interviews and three meetings, in the focus group modality. For the purposes of analysis, these were applied as content analysis techniques, from the records of the speeches of these meetings. From the data collected, it was possible to perceive that school culture plays a strong influence on teaching practice and their ways of acting. From the collected data, it was possible to see that teaching in Early Childhood Education is composed of a multifactorial set, encompassing both institutional and peer cultures, added to personal motivation. However, it was noticed that professional teaching autonomy is relative, as it is linked to relationships and balances between powers and human coexistence. Instead, a dialogic group is proposed as a product, with bimonthly meetings between research participants, in order to strengthen and continue the reflective process initiated in data collection meetings, sharing experiences and knowledge in a collaborative way.

The importance and growth of agrobusiness in Brazil and the world requires the energetic sector to develop in such a way that it can keep up with and support the demand for electrical energy by eficient and economic means to the field producers. There are many forms to effectively distribute energy in the countryside. However, there is also the need to ally efficiency and quality to low cost supply. To achieve this goal, for long there have been researches in order to find solutions that could fit the necessities of those who live and produce in the rural area, in particular those who reside at great distances from urban centers. Initially, monophasic systems were capable of complying with such necessities through systems as the Monophasic with Neuter Return (MNR) and also the Monophasic with Ground Return (MGR). With the advent of industrial revolutions, wich have approximated the agrobusiness to the machines and modern equipments, there came into being the necessity of enhancing the supply of energy at the field, with the increase of phases in the electrical grid, especially the three-phase grid. Extending a three-phase grid for long distances implies a high installation cost and, to reduce these costs, occur innovative proposes that ally efficiency and low cost at triphasic tension distibution. The purpose of this paper is precisely to present how to distribute triphasic tension to long distances, in rural areas, for example, so that the expense of the distribution becomes way inferior than a conventional three-phase three wired grid. The paper proposes a study of the conduction of electricity through the ground, in other words, for the triphasic distribution in the countryside to be, the already existing two overground phases are employed so that the 3o phase is conducted through the soil. With emphasis on the 3° phase grounding system, the proposal is developed with the mounting of a low tension (LV) reduced electrical grid, so that it supplies a few equilibrated triphasic loads. There are made measurements of the grounding in order to verify its level of influence on the conduction of the ground current. At the end, the results obtained from the measurements in the practical mounting are compared to the simulated results, verifying that the system is totally viable.