Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Here are multiple motivations that lead an individual to migrate, such as wars, political crimes, escape from poverty and/or calamity, terrorism, among others. More and more individuals are migrating in search of better opportunities, especially employment and better conditions and better quality of life. This study sought to understand the meaning of work, socialization and diversity in the insertion of Venezuelan migrants in the labor market in the municipality of Santa Maria/RS. For this, a descriptive, exploratory qualitative research was carried out. A broad gratitude for the opportunity to be inserted in the labor market was identified; in the perception of effort and valuing of a sympathetic and able group to help with doubts; in the broad sense of learning and in a work environment in which they feel open to expand their knowledge, with a good organizational climate. In the context of work and its meanings, the importance for migrants of keeping busy, having some autonomy in their work activity, performing work that is useful to society, morally accepted and producing satisfactory interpersonal relationships was evident. Those who were dissatisfied with their current work are in this condition, due to devaluation by superiors, the occupation itself and the language barrier. In relation to socialization, it was possible to identify a good integration and adaptation to the organization/company, through its norms, values and customs, to the group/team and the tasks performed, with language being a hindering factor. The majority sought to adapt to the new reality in Brazil, through networking with their colleagues and superiors. In the aspect of insertion in the work environment and their perception and sense of belonging to the group/team, a positive scenario was perceived, although it did not occur unanimously among the participants, highlighting the reports of female interviewees, in who pointed out to feel discriminated against and devalued, as was evident in several moments of the discussion. The work brings to light the perception that it is necessary to formulate and implement public policies for the social inclusion of migrants arriving in Brazil, particularly those received for humanitarian reasons such as Venezuelans. For future studies, we highlight some suggestions outlined in order to broaden and deepen knowledge on migration, meaning of work, diversity and inclusion, which may include the analysis of different angles on the subject analyzed here, especially with regard to the way other employees, in this case Brazilian workers and senior management, deal with inclusion and diversity.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

The reflections of corruption impede economic development, reduce the State's capacity to provide essential services, discourage the population from seeking the common good and negatively impact economic, social and political factors. Popular participation and the consolidation of public spaces are necessary for cohesion around the solution of the problem, with the capacity of society to exercise its role in citizenship. The objective of this work was to analyze the perception and tolerance of corruption among students at the Federal University of Santa Maria. This is a descriptive research, with a quantitative approach, in which a questionnaire with affirmative questions and 5 answer options was used, according to the Likert scale. The answer options were Totally Agree (CT), Partially Agree (CP), Indifferent (I), Partially Disagree (DP) and Totally Disagree (DT). After obtaining the results, statistical analyzes were performed with the “R” software, where descriptive statistics such as Mean, median, quartiles were presented. In addition, the Chi-Square test was performed to correlate the respondents' ages with the responses that obtained the highest sum in the CT/CP or DP/DT responses. The survey results showed that the respondents understand what corruption is, realize when someone close to them reproduces some act of corruption and have the perception that there is a lot of corruption in Brazil, especially with regard to the political class. Still, it was found that respondents do not understand that public safety and public services in general in Brazil are adequate for our reality. Complementarily, the answers showed that the research participants have the notion that education is an effective way to fight corruption, know fundamental rights and encourage children to know their rights. In order to collaborate with the incentive to fight corruption, an action plan was elaborated, with some activities and the reasons for each one, so that this study can contribute to the promotion of the fight against corruption in public administration. In this sense, the action plan elaborated brings simple measures to promote social control and the population understands that with it, corruption can be investigated, inspected, mitigated and mainly fought.

This study aimed to develop an incubation methodology in accordance with the objectives and characteristics of the UFSM Social Incubator, considering the need for this tool to instruct, guide project coordinators, work team and, mainly, contribute to the incubated projects can develop their proposals better and obtain better results. For this, bibliographic and documentary data were collected, as well as the application of interviews in social incubators linked to the ITCP network, in order to provide the necessary support for the methodological construction. The survey revealed that, of the ten incubators participating in this study, most seek to follow the incubation stages, but not all determine a time limit, focusing on the development and sustainability of the incubated enterprises. Few adopt indicators to assess their performance or that of their incubated companies and the topic of Social Impact Business is also little discussed. Those that have a clear incubation method are conducted by multidisciplinary teams that are more experienced in the work developed with groups in social vulnerability. There are still many challenges surrounding social incubation, from problems such as the high turnover of the people involved to the lack of financial resources and investment to implement and maintain their projects. To improve the methodology of incubators, further research is suggested on social technologies, indicators and businesses that can impact the target audience of a social incubator, because, despite the intention and reasons presented, most of these incubators are still unable to develop such themes.

This dissertation aims to analyze the different methods used by students in solving problems that involve basic mathematical knowledge in Elementary School. Therefore, the Problem Solving methodology will be used for interpretation and analysis of collected data. This work makes use of five activities designed by the teacher and applied in the simulation for the Preparatory Course, for the selection test that enables students to entry into High School in Federal and State Technical Schools in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre - RS and Vale do Rio dos Sinos Region - RS in the Mathematics subject. The application of activities through the simulation took place with a group of ten students from the 9th year of Elementary School enrolled in the Preparatory Course of a private institution in the city of Esteio – RS. The carried out research was qualitative and the results presented by the students are shown and analyzed throughout this dissertation.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Lean is a management philosophy derived from the Toyota System, widely applied in industry and adapted to the healthcare area with the objective of reducing costs and optimizing resources through a review of processes to generate value for the patient. Lean Healthcare is the Lean Manufacturing philosophy applied in the healthcare area. Lean Healthcare aims to create and provide maximum added value, its application expects to consume fewer resources, reduce waste and also leverage the knowledge and skills of employees involved in the process. This philosophy has been used in several sectors, with health services being the most sought after. This work aims to evaluate critical success factors for the implementation of Lean Healthcare in a hospital unit. To accomplish the objective, the AHP method was used. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a method to help people make complex decisions. More than just determining the right decision, AHP helps people choose and justify their choice. Some results can be highlighted. Among the groups, the categories Management and Leadership and Processes were highlighted by the participants. Among the subcategories with the greatest weight of relevance, it is important to highlight the patients subcategory, since a hospital unit aims to provide the best care possible for the patient. A limitation of the study is that it was applied in only one hospital unit, as a future work it is intended to apply it in more units and, therefore, carry out a comparison of its results.

The local varieties of beans from family farming are an important genetic resource, whereas the cultivars improved by the breeding programs have characteristics that meet the interests of farmers and the consumer market. The objective of this research was to characterize the germplasm evaluated using morphological, agronomic, technological and mineral descriptors; study the correlations between these characters; analyze the genetic dissimilarity of local varieties and bean cultivars for these traits; and select superior genotypes for the different characters. For that, 49 bean genotypes were evaluated, 37 local varieties and 12 bean cultivars developed by the research. The 48 morphological descriptors provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) were evaluated in the 2018/19 harvest. Agronomic, technological and mineral traits were analyzed in three experiments conducted in the second crop (2017 and 2018) and the first crop (2017/18). The use of morphological descriptors is efficient to distinguish all the evaluated genotypes, there is genetic variability for practically all the evaluated characters. The indirect selection for grain yield can be performed based on the height of insertion of the last pod and the number of pods per plant, in addition there is a positive and high magnitude correlation between mass of 100 grains and length of grains. Tocher's method made it possible to identify promising parents for breeding programs aimed at plants of greater cycle, erect architecture and high grain yield. The selection indexes identify the genotypes for agronomic traits: Fepagro Triunfo, IPR Juriti, Guapo Brilhante, BRS Campeiro and Vagem Roxa; and the following genotypes for technological and mineral characters, of clear coat: Preguiçoso, Inhoque, Carioca (Vila Nova do Sul), Trindade and Pérola; and dark tegument: Argentino, Turrialba, Banana, Vagem Roxa and Paraná.

This research arised and developed from the question: how can the digital game become a pedagogical tool for the teaching and learning of traditional games (TGs) in school Physical Education? This question permeate the researcher’s concerns during his academic trajectory in thinking about possibilities in the propagation of games, as well as the relevance of constructing methodological resources for the practice and use of Traditional Games in the education linked to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Thus, as the general objective, we propose: to develop a digital memory game that thematize and dynamize the traditional games played in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) as pedagogical tool for school Physical Education. And more specifically: a) Identify the traditional games that should be included in the digital memory game; b) Describe the process used in the idealization, construction, testing and adaptation of the digital memory game; c) Perform initial experiment of digital memory game with students and teachers in the Physical Education classes in basic education in Santa Maria. The methodological way was developed in two steps: (1) Exploratory phase: linking theoretical and practical axes, there was a bibliographic survey about the TGs and digital games, interrelated by production of a pilot digital memory game; (2) Fieldwork: subdivided into 4 fundamental phases: a) design; b) planning; c) implementation and d) testing and adaptation. The d step was took place by means of focal group and questionnaires. The creation and the development of digital memory game and informative site were carried out from a multidisciplinary work, involving knowledge in the areas of Physical Education, computing and design, which formed the final product entitled “Traditional Games Memory”. As a pedagogical tool, it contributes significantly to school Physical Education by enabling: a) know the traditional games that take part in the culture of RS and, in that way, take part in the culture of the students, supporting the construction of the individual and collective subject; b) make the cultural diversity represented in the TGs visible; c) deepen knowledge through the memory game, which allows you to visualize the places in the state where the TGs are predominantly experienced, their descriptions, the ways to practice them, illustrative images and videos and the bibliographic source that supported the present information; d) free and open access; e) inclusion of the traditional game as knowledge of school Physical Education; f) encouraging the experience of the games and the construction of materials; and, fundamentally, g) further expand the fun, fascination power, diversity, sociability and knowledge provided by TGs in the school Physical Education and at school.

Over the years, we have witnessed major changes in corporate education in Brazil, both in initiatives of public and private institutions, seeking a better qualification of its workers. The main objective of this study is to analyze the policies and practices of corporate education in Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, through the evaluation of the Directors of the Institution's Teaching Units. This is an exploratory research based on the documental, bibliographic analysis and semi-structured individual interviews, characterized as applied and descriptive research, delineated through a case study with a qualitative approach and deductive logic. In total, were interviewed twelve servers, divided into two groups, from different scripts. The results of the study pointed out how Corporate Education actions are carried out at UFSM, it was possible to identify potentialities and deficiencies in the processes. With the analyzes of this study, some proposals for guidelines for improving corporate education practices at UFSM were presented especially with regard to routines involving impact assessments and greater participation of managers in planning actions.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

This bibliographical and exploratory study of the history of mathematics, more specifically on the history of infinitesimal calculus, relies both on the classical bibliography of the history of mathematics, notably in the names of Carl B. Boyer and Howard Eves and in more recent texts such as those by Jason Socrates Bardi Amir Alexander and Tatiana Roque. In addition to listing the historical elements from different moments, this research tries to stimulate interest in the study of historical processes present in the construction of mathematical knowledge, to develop an understanding of mathematics as socially constructed, unfinished knowledge, which is motivated by internal and external problems to the discipline and is shaped by ways of thinking, by problems, tools and language(s) of different cultures and historical periods in order to sensitize the reader to the challenges involved in the production of mathematical knowledge and above all in the way in which it is disseminated in the most diverse forms and levels of teaching. The formulation of tables in the form of a timeline allowed a more in-depth analysis of the topics given as the origins of calculus that have greater incidence in the bibliography and resulted in a discussion that opens the way for further research on these topics.

This research shows the study results made between the year 2017 and 2021 within the Education Post Graduation Program (doctoral) of the Federal University of Santa Maria which has as the main objective to look into the construction of the another way to be an reflect the teaching in the literacy cycle from the Love Biology and the Learn Biology of Humberto Maturana, or, said in another way, look to stablish the relation between the literacy process and the Maturanas’ studies, based on an autobiographical of my own experience as a literacy teacher and researcher during the COVID 19 pandemic context. From this life experience thought and developed by myself during 2020, was possible to stablish some concrete relations about the understanding that the child’s literacy goes through its biology and it is take effect through a mediation of a teacher who enhance emotions based on love and respect for the child’s legitimacy. Therefore, this study was organized from an autobiographical narrative with the main foundation in Abrahão (2003, 2017) and in the written records produced by me, the researcher, by the children and their families during the participation in this teaching, learning, and researching project that happened during the Pandemic scenario. The theoretical foundation used as reference were the studies from de Antunes (2001; 2007; 2013), Maturana (1994; 1997; 1998; 2001; 2004), Barcelos and Maders (2016), Scott and Barcelos (2017), Bellochio and Souza (2017), among others, also the studies developed with the Study and Research Group on Initial, Continuing and Literacy Education (Gepfica in Portuguese), which belongs to the Education Post Graduation Program of the Federal University of Santa Maria of which I have been part since 2016. This study brought to reflection the questions about the ways of being a literacy teacher, looking to understand another ways from the social relation stablished with the child into the perspective of Love Biology and Learn Biology of Humberto Maturana, showing as the main element the role of the literacy teacher, no longer as the responsible for the literacy action (act) but one who, based on the realities, desires and needs of each child, casts sensitive look on them capable of capturing these anxieties and building situation of learning and mediations capable of transforming the action of these children who then build their learning around reading and writing.

Esta disertación es el resultado de una investigación realizada en el Programa de Posgrado en Educación Profesional y Tecnológica, nivel maestría, en la línea de investigación Formación Docente para la Educación Profesional y Tecnológica. El tema involucra Trabajo, Tecnología y Educación Rural. El estudio se limitó al Curso Normal del Instituto de Educação Josué de Castro (IEJC), ubicado en Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul. Educação do Campo defiende una pedagogía educativa para sujetos excluidos que viven y trabajan en el campo brasileño, en su la mayoría de las regiones, que no recibieron apoyo para el desarrollo educativo en los grupos de edad recomendados por la legislación. De hecho, la enseñanza en las escuelas rurales estuvo, durante mucho tiempo, organizada a partir de referencias ajenas a sus materias, es decir, alejadas de la realidad local, del individuo y de la comunidad. Esta dificultad fue provocada por una educación rural que privilegió el sistema agroexportador desde el inicio de la colonización del país, olvidando las demandas de los campesinos, indígenas, negros, pobres en general, generando relaciones similares a las de la esclavitud en el campo. Para enfrentar estos obstáculos, los Movimientos Sociales, en especial el de los Trabajadores Sin Tierra (MST), se organizaron a través de una propuesta educativa que supere las dificultades económicas impuestas a los sujetos rurales, con énfasis en la autosuficiencia y la organización de pedagogías populares. Es en este contexto que se insertan el IEJC y el Curso Normal, objeto de estudio de esta disertación, que tiene como objetivo analizar el trabajo, la tecnología y la Educación Rural en el Curso Normal del instituto, con el fin de explicar la forma en que el Curso Normal aborda los principios de la Educación Rural. Para ello se utilizó un método cualitativo, exploratorio en cuanto a objetivos y, en cuanto a procedimientos, de revisión bibliográfica y análisis de documentos. La revisión bibliográfica, de carácter narrativo, proporcionó la base teórica para el análisis documental, especialmente en lo que se refiere a autores de estirpe marxista o cercanos a las premisas del materialismo histórico y dialéctico, como Dermeval Saviani. También se destacan los autores esenciales para la comprensión de la Educación Rural, como Roseli Caldart. La investigación documental consideró los Cuadernos ITERRA, publicaciones realizadas por el Instituto Técnico de Capacitación e Investigación en Reforma Agraria (ITERRA), mantenedor del IEJC. Se notó la singularidad de la propuesta pedagógica del Curso Normal, especialmente, al adoptar el trabajo como principio educativo, la tecnología como saber capaz de transformar la realidad, la consideración de las necesidades campesinas. Estos elementos, combinados, construyen una propuesta pedagógica centrada en la praxis y con potencial de emancipación de las poblaciones campesinas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Introduction: Depression is a multifactorial disorder that affects people of all ages and both sexes, associated with emotional and motor disorders, thus impairing the quality of life of these individuals. Objective: To verify whether changes in gait parameters can predict the risk of incident depression. Methodology: The study was characterized as a systematic review, where a search was performed in four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus), including longitudinal cohort articles, with a follow-up of at least one year, written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, which evaluated depression and gait at baseline and the subsequent risk of incident depression according to the alteration of some gait parameter. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using the NewCastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Random effects meta-analyses were performed, calculating the risk in adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios (OR) along with the confidence interval. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic. Potential sources of heterogeneity (gender, age and follow-up) were explored by meta-regressions. Results: 7 studies were included, where 21,038 participants were evaluated. During the analysis of unadjusted gait speed, the slower people had a 2.88 times greater risk of developing depression, while in the adjusted one, a risk of 1.63. When investigating the speed before and after the potential moderators (gender, age and follow-up), it was noticed that none of the factors evaluated moderated the association between changes in gait and risk of incident depression. The assessment of the quality of the studies achieved a mean score of 7.5 (Standard Deviation = 0.5). Conclusion: A slower walking speed is associated with a higher risk of developing depression.

The university extension constitutes a fundamental dimension of Higher Education, which promotes the university's relationship with society, with a view to an integral and citizen education. This research was developed within the scope of the studies of the Research Group on Public Policies and Educational Management (GESTAR/CNPq), together with the Doctoral course in Education, in the line “Public Educational Policies, Educational Practices and their Interfaces” of the Postgraduate Program. degree in Education (PPGE), from the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). The objective was to understand the configurations of university extension in Brazil and Argentina in emerging contexts of Higher Education. For specific objectives, priority was given to: Contextualizing the historical, educational and political aspects of university extension in Brazil and Argentina; To characterize aspects related to the context of practice in management processes and extension policies at UFSM and UNC; Recognize and analyze socio-educational elements and agents related to university extension in Brazil and Argentina, in emerging contexts in higher education from an analytical device of its own. Methodologically, the research consisted of a comparative case study, from the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) and the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), based on a qualitative approach (BARTLETT; VAVRUS, 2016), using the literature review, document analysis, interviews with institutional managers from both Universities and observation of international, national and local university extension events. In order to process the data, in addition to the comparative perspective, a device for analyzing emerging contexts in the field of education is proposed, based on BOURDIEU (1983). Therefore, the thesis is defended that university extension is constantly renewed, in view of the emerging contexts that can be identified through the analysis device in the analyzed university institutions; from the Córdoba Reform (1918) to the present, from epistemological ruptures and the curricular structure, which, currently, has been promoting the rearticulation of curricular policies, management and pedagogical practices in Higher Education institutions, both in Brazil and in Argentina, moreover, it is related to paradigmatic changes focused on a democratic and plural university model. Therefore, university extension has never been and is not a weak link in the “university tripod”, as it mobilized all university reforms that took place in Latin America, having the potential for academic and social consolidation in Higher Education Institutions in Brazil and Argentina.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES