Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that is on the rise all over the world. It is classified as: type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2). DM 2 is the most prevalent form, resulting in inadequate secretion of pancreatic β cells and increased peripheral insulin resistance, causing hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia supports the excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes increased oxidative stress (EO). Ventilatory muscle training (VMT) is a non-pharmacological tool that provides benefits in patients with DM, however the effects on OS and inflammation in the experimental model are not known. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of VMT on EO in rats with DM 2. Male Wistar rats were used, divided into 4 groups: Group 1: sedentary animals without DM (Sham- Sed); Group 2: trained animals without DM (Sham-VMT); Group 3 sedentary DM animals (DM-Sed) and Group 4: trained DM animals (DM-VMT). DM was induced through a high energy density diet and a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg), while the animals in the Sham groups received only standard commercial chow. The VMT protocol was performed for 6 weeks, 5 days/week 30min/day. Twenty-four hours after the last day of intervention, the animals were euthanized and blood and tissue samples (heart, lungs, kidneys, diaphragm, gastrocnemius and soleus) were collected, weighed and stored for further analysis. The VMT protocol reduced plasma TBARS levels in DM 2 rats. Regarding antioxidant enzymes, when comparing the Sham-Sed and DM-Sed groups, there was a reduction in MTT in the lungs, NPSH in the heart, lungs and diaphragm, and SOD in the heart, kidneys, gastrocnemius and plasma, characterizing the model experimental DM 2. After the VMT protocol, there was an increase in SOD activity in the lungs and kidneys when comparing the DM-Sed with DM-VMT groups. In conclusion, the VMT protocol reduced oxidant activity in plasma, increased antioxidant activity in lungs and kidneys.

In order to strengthen the planning process of the Unified Health System and solidify its guidelines, the municipalities now have greater responsibilities in planning and executing primary health care actions and services. In this scenario, municipal health managers have assumed a key role in the planning of actions and services in the territory. The Municipal Health Plan is the central instrument for health planning, and it should guide management decisions and orient as to how to face the health needs of the population. Thus, this study proposed a quantitative-qualitative approach, to understand how the municipal health secretaries of a regional health department have been problematizing, in municipal health plans, the issue of gestational and congenital syphilis, whether from the point of view of health situation analysis or in the formulation of guidelines, objectives and goals in this instrument. This indicator was chosen because of the growing number of cases of this infection in Rio Grande do Sul and Brazil. The population of this study included the 32 municipalities belonging to Health Regions 1 and 2, which make up the administrative region of the 4th CRS. The quantitative data were entered into a database developed in Microsoft Excel ® program, where descriptive analysis was carried out based on the results for each municipality. The qualitative data were collected in the public access digital platform - Management Report Construction Support System - SARGSUS - from which the Municipal Health Plans for the 2014-2017 and 2018-2021 periods were selected. For the qualitative data analysis, the content analysis was used, through the technique of categorical analysis, following the methodology adopted by Laurence Bardin. As results, it was possible to identify that issues related to gestational and congenital syphilis are little addressed in the MSPs of this coordinator It was found that, in the documents of the Verdes Campos health region, only 10% of the 2014-2017 MHPs, contemplated issues related to GS and CS, increasing to 30% in the 2018-2021 MSPs. When we refer to the Entre Rios health region, in the first term, 33% of the documents contemplated such indicators, increasing to 67% in the second term analyzed. It can certainly be said that the way in which the MHPs are being prepared must be reviewed and qualified, respecting the specificities of each territory. Likewise, it is required that municipal managers understand the complexity of health planning in the UHS, as well as that we, CRS employees, must rethink, as a superior instance, the way we approach such themes. As a product of this dissertation, periodic meetings between SMS and CRS will be instituted, and a "Guide for the elaboration of Municipal Health Plans" has been elaborated. This orientation guide will aim to help managers and their teams in the elaboration of the first part of the MSP - the situational analysis, always respecting the singularities of each territory.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The Tutorial Education Program (PET) is an already consolidated federal government program aimed at undergraduate students that provides important experiences for the academic trajectory of its members. This work presents a study on the activities developed by PET groups related to High School, as well as the development of a proposal based on the PET model for this level of education. The general objective was to investigate the contribution of the insertion of Tutorial Education in High School. The research was bibliographic and field research of the experience report type. Data collection was carried out in different databases such as Capes Periodicals, Scielo, Academic Google and Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and with the use of questionnaires. The work proposal was planned by the researcher professor. The development was carried out in 4 stages: i) presentation of the Tutorial Education model called PET-Junior, aimed at MS students for PETians and for MS classes, ii) organization of PET-Júnior activities; iii) application and iv) proposal evaluation. 10 petianos and 5 students from the 1st year of EM participated in the project. It was possible to see that the PET model is a model to be followed as an innovative experience, which contributes positively to the construction of learning and development of the members. With the development of this work, it was possible to reflect and discuss on topics relevant to Science Teaching, Tutorial Education at different levels of education, PET and its importance in undergraduate and EM, active methodologies, comprehensive training and global development of students in EM.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This master’s thesis is the result of a survey carried out with public school educators who use filmmaking as a device in their pedagogical practice. The role of this teacher in the construction of the teaching of these teachers is the subject of the research. The question that is constantly around is: how did filmmaking act in the construction of the teaching of film-producing teachers at school? This study seeks to understand how the experiences of educators with the seventh art affect their practices with students. How aesthetic experiences with cinema acted in the construction of these subjects' teaching, providing an opportunity to see how we can understand it. The autobiographical research was inspired by the Pedagogy of Observance (Celorio, 2015) and consisted of three interviews with teachers from Recife (PE), Palmeira dos Índios (AL) and Campo Bom (RS). These resulted in three cinematographic sinopsis that allowed the understanding of the crossing of cinema in the teaching of the research subjects. This understanding was based on the Bantu-Kongo cosmogram translated from Bakongo orality by Bunseki Fu-kiau (Santos, 2019). The communication between the north and south cosmovisions was possible because at all ontological stages there is a solar relationship between what Castoriadis (1982) established as representations of the instituted imaginary of the community field with the radical imaginary, of the subjective domain (ubuntu) . Such a process is solar because an exterior phenomenon acts metaphysically similar to the Sun by activating particles in the physical domain. There is a solar moment (kibanji) that radiates a magma, the meeting of imaginary representations. As it changes stages - black, red, white and yellow - it constitutes a fundamental instituting imaginary of cinematographic pedagogical practices. The notes in this script lead to professionality as opposed to the idea of professionalism, teaching, that is, a more organic relationship with the device that affects the being (muntu) in a deeper, intangible way (mpemba). That's why, even marginalized by the institutional, the cinema device starts to occupy a symbolic place in the practice of these educators.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This Master's Thesis work is linked to the Postgraduate Program in Education, in the Research Line: Teaching, Knowledge and Professional Development – LP1 (PPGE-UFSM). The study has as its theme the research on the action of mediating educational conflicts: converging lines between the mediation of conflicts and intercultural education, considering the possibility of the teacher to act in the mediation of such conflicts, having interculture as a base theory. Therefore, the research problem revolves around: to what extent can the teacher act as a mediator of conflicts, using the assumptions of interculturality and its influence to build a more peaceful education? Thus, the research focused on the teacher as a possible mediator in the school context, based on Humberto Maturana's dialogue and love. The study aims to present mediation and its possibilities, with the intention of, through academic dialogue and its analysis, contributing to new teacher images and to the continuing education of teachers, with a focus on education in the 21st century. This study is relevant, as it provides opportunities for teachers at all levels of current education to reflect that the ―teacher‖ is more than a facilitator and guide in education. He can serve as a mediator of conflicts between students and the student's intimate conflict with himself or with the school community. Mediating is not always between two people, but the person with himself, in his internal conflict, facing a new reality that is the school environment. Mediating a conflict is to focus efforts on valuing the individual. And mediating a school conflict is a sublime act of conditioning that human being to the experiences of love, through the Biology of Love by Humberto Maturana. When a conflict arises in the classroom, it is time to reflect, dialogue and mediate. These conditions and possibilities are the differential in school mediation, in the intercultural relationship of being. It is, therefore, a qualitative research, with a bibliographic nature and an epistemological perspective, which seeks to contribute to reflections on teacher education.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

In 1998, in the United States, the first pill for the treatment of erectile dysfunctions, Viagra®️, was approved. Since then, the repercussion of this medication has been significant, as well as we think about sex and sexuality and the relationships between men and women. In this regard, this master's thesis aims to analyze how the discourses of health professionals about masculinities and sexual impotence are imprinted on the practices of medicalization of sexuality. It is a qualitative research where the participants are health professionals selected through the “Snowball technique”. These participants were submitted to a sociodemographic questionnaire, the “Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP - Carta de Marear)” and a semi-structured interview, all steps were carried out online. The interpretation of information was framed through the Theory of Social Representations, the Theory of Medicalization and Gender Studies, especially the Theory of Masculinity. To analyze the information, we followed the content analysis, classifying the results into semantic categories. We understand knowledge as a construction of the subject inseparable from the social and from relationships with others and objects. Thus, health professional's understandings are compelled by social representations of masculinity, leading to the medicalization of sexuality. We conclude that the value of culturally constructed beliefs and precepts in the daily communicational exchange about masculinity and being a man implies sexual impotence and the medicalization of sexuality.

Introdutction: Photobiomodulation is a widely used resource in the treatment of various clinical conditions and most diverse areas. However, its application in breast oncology is still quite limited for several reasons especially due to the lack of familiatity with the therapy and the uncertainty regarding the mechanisms of cellular, molecular and tissue action. Objective: To verify the effects of photobiomodulation by blue and red LED light-emitting diodes on the breast tumor lineage cells. Methods: In vitro experimental design in which breast cancer MCF7 strain tumor cells will be exposed to LED photobiomodulation with two distinct wavelengths (658 ηm and 470 ηm) and be accompanied by 1 (one), 2 (two) or 3 (three) days to verify the modulatory potential of irradiation. After the irradiation period, the cells were analyzed for parameters related to cell viability, proliferation, indirect production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results: There was no increase in cell proliferation at any of the wavelengths. Three cumulative doses reduced cell viability. The blue light promotes a reduction in the production the NO and ROS. For red light, a single irradiation at 6J/cm² was able to promote an increase in NO rates and two cumulative doses at 19J/cm² increased the formation of ROS. Conclusion: Our findings showed that irradiation with blue and red light to 6J/cm² and 19J/cm² did not promote an increase in cell proliferation, on the contrary, three cumulative doses induced an increase in cell mortality.