Repositório RCAAP

The nutritional status of rice plants is one of the main factors that influence the productivity of the crop. However, mineral fertilizers for high yields are responsible for high production costs and often environmental contamination. Resource use efficiency is essential for the sustainability of the rice system. The objectives of this study are: 1) to analyze the concentration of nutrients in the leaf based on the CND method in rice-growing regions of Rio Grande do Sul; 2) analyze the concentration of nutrients in the soil and relate it to the nutrients present in the leaf; 3) to evaluate the nutritional composition of the cultivars produced in the state; and 4) develop a “CND-irrigated rice” software from the results obtained and generate a register. Soil, leaf tissue and meteorological variables (maximum and minimum temperature and incident solar radiation) were analyzed in 26 municipalities in southern Brazil, totaling 96 commercial field. The CND-r² methodology was used in leaf tissues. It was possible to establish critical levels, sufficiency ranges and CND indices for the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and B. The results indicate a positive balance for K and B and a negative balance for S, following the requirements of the current recommendation system. The multivariate analysis was able to distinguish 5 groups of genotypes with different nutritional behavior of the cultivars: BRS A701, BRS PAMPEIRA, GURI INTA CL, IRGA 424 RI and IRGA 431 CL. These results are important to provide information on crop nutrition and may help producers in management and fertilization recommendations, reducing production costs and risk of environmental contamination.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Taking into account that the transport of grains can be carried out over long distances and that the mass of grains during transport, many times, has high contents of water, there may be risks of heat and moisture transfer and heating of the mass of grains, proving quanti-qualitative losses. Thus, this study aimed to validate a probe system for monitoring temperature, relative humidity and diffusion of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mass of corn grains, in real time, during transport, as a function of different initial water contents (12, 16 and 25% w.b.), to detect early dry matter losses and predict possible changes in the physical quality of the grains. Portable equipment was developed to monitor the grain mass during road transport. The equipment consists of an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller as a control core. The system's hardware included three digital sensors to detect air temperature and relative humidity, a non-destructive infrared sensor to detect CO2 concentration, real-time clock modules and a micro-SD card. The output data from the digital sensor, infrared sensor and modules were connected to the I/O communication terminals of the microcontroller which were responsible for physical communication, component integration and data calculation. The temperature and relative humidity sensors were fixed at three ends of a threaded bar and the CO2 sensor was fixed in the central part. The real-time clock module and the micro-SD card were packaged in a plastic back box. The software used on the Arduino board was programmed based on the C++ programming language, with most of the libraries provided by the platform. The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) was used to develop the embedded firmware for the Atmega 2560 microcontrollers. To monitor the mass of corn grains, simulating a transport condition, a box was experimentally made with plywood material. in the dimensions of (0.2 x 0.2 x 1.8 m). The probe was inserted into the grain mass profile to assess the detection level of temperature, relative air humidity and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the grain mass. To define the hole diameter, the temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide sensors were placed in probes with different hole diameters (7.5, 7.0 and 6.5 mm), drilling height (470, 235 and 117.5 mm) and grain moistures contents (12.16 and 25%). The holes were made to allow the entry of air and facilitate the response of the sensors. In order to choose the diameter and drilling height of the probe that best fits, one of the requirements was that they meet the two analyzed moistures contents. The readings on the sensors were carried out until the values of temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration stabilized. With the validation of the equipment, the definitive probe was made with a polyvinyl chloride tube with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 1500 mm, with three perforated regions (upper, central and lower). A metallic grain sampler tube was developed to attach the probe. To evaluate the quality of the grains, the hygroscopic equilibrium moisture was obtained from the monitored intergranular air temperature and humidity; the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to indirectly determine the dry matter consumption of the grains, the electrical conductivity test and the germination of the grains were carried out. To early predict physical changes in grain mass, Machine Learning and linear regression algorithms were used. The models tested were: artificial neural networks (ANN), linear regression (LR), M5P algorithm, reduced error pruning tree (REPTree), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). Among the results it was observed that the elevation of the parameters temperature, relative humidity of the air accelerated the metabolic activity of the grains and intensified the respiration of the grain mass, causing consumption of dry matter and alterations in the physical quality of the corn grains. The monitoring system with sensors for real-time measurement of temperature, relative humidity and concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the mass of corn grains obtained satisfactory results, in which the probe was validated with a hole diameter of 6.5 mm and drilling height of 225 mm. The real-time monitoring of the variables indirectly and precociously determined the changes in the physical quality of the grains during transport, confirmed by the physical analyzes of electrical conductivity and germination. In the 2-hour period, the monitored variables indirectly indicated the physical changes that occurred in the grain mass. The condition of 16% of water content of the corn and the position of superior of the profile of the mass of grains suffered the biggest physical alterations of quality, mainly in the loss of dry matter, in function of the high equilibrium moisture content and respiration of the mass of grains. Real-time monitoring of corn grain mass and the application of Machine Learning algorithms predicted the quantitative and qualitative losses of corn grains in transport. All Machine Learning models, with the exception of the support vector machine algorithm, obtained good results, however, the multiple linear regression reached the best fits, being indicated for the prediction of grain losses in corn transport.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This master’s degree dissertation is linked to PPPG - Program of Post Graduation in Public Policies and Educational Managing, from CE - Center of Education, from the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), to the line of research LP2 - Pedagogic Managing and Innovation in Basic Education, and to GEPE - Group of Study and Research of Special Education and Inclusion, and has as a theme the universitary extension in the scope of Technical-Administrative workers in Education of the Center of Rural Science (CCR) from the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). The extension, together with the teaching and the research, make up the trio that constitutes the Brazilian public university. The university, in turn, is made up of students, professors and administrative staff in education, all responsible for developing activities that cover all areas of university performance. However, when looking at the percentage of TAE servers at UFSM and hat percentage of these servers who participate in university extension projects, is verified that participation is small. This work is the result of the research of the Professional Master in Public Policies and Educational Management at the Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM), where the. The author sought to identify which factors motivate and which factors discourage participation in university extension projects of the TAEs servers of the Rural Sciences Center (CCR) of the UFSM. During the research of this master's degree, it was found that TAE servers have interest in participating in extension projects, but they are limited by factors such as: lack of stimulus from the bosses, overwork and difficulties in reconciling their work at UFSM with the workload required for the project. Many servers also claimed to be unaware of this possibility and do not feel qualified at the moment to coordinate extension projects. To the at the same time, the interest of these servers in acting as extensionists within of their areas of knowledge. This dissertation presents as an intervention proposal the elaboration of an extension course aimed at the extensionist training of the TAEs of CCR/UFSM,aimed at presenting the basic concepts of university extension, institutional policies and national university extension programs, the administrative structures that organize and encourage the extension and guidelines for designing and implementing an extension project. This course will be organized in modules, structured in the format of everyday themes of rural sciences, in order to bring the participants closer and make the participants belong to the course.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Blood donation is essential for public health, in the routine of hospitals and emergency rooms, hundreds of lives are saved every day with the blood donated by the population. Tobacco use is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, with hemoglobin having two hundred times more affinity with it than with oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin, which does not transport oxygen. Cigarette smoke increases the content of carbon monoxide in the circulation, as a result, increases the content of carboxyhemoglobin, reducing the amount of oxygen found in the blood. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of smoking and non-smoking blood donors, detecting signs of harmfulness in the blood of smoking donors, through a systematic review of published works carried out in the last 15 years (2006-2021). We found that erythrocyte blood components showed toxic markers, such as carboxyhemoglobin and heavy metals when coming from smoking blood donors, the data corroborate the literature, proving the harmfulness of tobacco

The association of analgesics can improve the response to acute pain in lambs after a surgical procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the use of lidocaine in comparison with the association of lidocaine + meloxicam in the reduction of pain manifestations presented in newborn lambs when submitted to tail docking. Thirty animals were divided into three groups: Group GC animals without caudectomy (control); Group GL animals submitted to caudectomy and lidocaine and Group GLM animals submitted to caudectomy and lidocaine+meloxicam. The assessment of acute pain in sheep was performed by measuring physiological parameters and a behavioral scale. Respiratory and heart rates and rectal temperature were measured at moments -24 (before the experiment) and 1, 4, 12 and 24 hours after the tail docking. Behavioral assessments were performed at the same moments studied. Weighings were performed at 8, 30 and 60 days of birth. There was no difference in any physiological variable studied or in the average daily weight gain between the groups. Within the moments, higher respiratory rate values were observed at 1h, 4h and 24h in all groups. Higher values of body temperature were observed at 24h in all groups. The animals submitted to caudectomy showed less interaction with the environment, less activity, alteration in posture, greater attention to the surgical wound site, greater miscellany of behaviors in relation to animals from the non-caudectomized lambs group. We conclude that lidocaine or the association of lidocaine and meloxicam did not alleviate pain/discomfort in lambs submitted to electric scissor tail docking.

The geographical proximity of municipalities does not necessarily guarantee equivalent development. In this context, the present research aims to ―Compare the different development trajectories of the Alto Uruguai regions of Rio Grande do Sul and the extreme west of Santa Catarina from the theoretical framework of Endogenous and Regional Development and Social Capital, within the scope of Agribusiness‖ . To reach the objective, the present research is arranged in 02 studies. The first contemplates the state of the art involving 04 themes: Endogenous Development, Regional Development, Social Capital and Agribusiness. A Systematic Review was carried out, which identified an interrelationship between the 04 themes. The second study deals with the trajectories of productive specialization and economic development in the Alto Uruguai regions of Rio Grande do Sul and the Far West of Santa Catarina, in which the indicators of productive specialization in the Agriculture and Transformation Industry sectors are verified. It was possible to identify that there are differences between regions and within each region.

This analysis and research has as its theme and objective to progress in the understanding of the development process of the Gaucho culture in modern days, from a vision that has its outline in the artistic scope. In other words, through research, I pursue to examine the characteristics, the meanings and the tensions that shape this process in order to reveal what is, in fact, its own. Thus, I develop an ethnography of a ritual that is very characteristic of contemporary Rio Grande do Sul culture. However, before reaching the ethnographic description of the immersion festival to compose Taipa's songs, in order to overcome the superficiality of spontaneous perception of the facts, I chose to develop a concept of culture and two categories of emic inspiration that allowed me to articulate the level of practices, relate songs and immersion festivals with the most abstract and historical level of culture. From this, it was possible to identify in the interior of this broader process of development of the gaucho culture in contemporaneity, the emergence of a process that relates contemporaneity, singers and immersion festivals, through a problem posed by the gaucho culture regarding the expansion of its reach. As a result of this process being characterized by the reproduction of culture from its transformation, I call it cultural reinvention. My hypothesis is that the Taipa festival and its innovative creations, added to the creation of an festival of immersion by women composers, represent an answer to this problem. In this sense, the development process of the Gaucho culture in contemporary times, in regard to its artistic scope, seems to be characterized and singularized by the emergence of this process of cultural reinvention..

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The present work presents a reflection on the formation of indigenous teachers, considering a policy movement for indigenous school education. The problem is: how is it possible to configure a curriculum guideline for training indigenous teachers, recognizing cultural plurality, in the context of public policies for training indigenous teachers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. From the discussion of a theoretical artifact about interculturality and its imbrications with indigenous school education, the interrelationships between the training of indigenous teachers and teaching practices in the context of indigenous schools and their possible weaknesses and potential are discussed. Therefore, the theoretical-methodological assumptions are based on a research with a qualitative, autobiographical approach and a research-education dimension. Through the analysis of narrative interviews with indigenous teachers of the Kaingang and Guarani ethnicities, from the city of Santa Maria, having as central themes: interculturality, curricular production, indigenous school and teacher training, it was possible to establish some guidelines to guide educational policies for training initial and continuous training of indigenous teachers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The guidelines permeate three structuring axes that are interconnected: Territories, Resistances and Recognition, with the intention of reverberating in a training discourse in recognition of diversity based on citizen training and interculturality, being associated with projects and curricula for maintaining and strengthening the identity of indigenous peoples.

This Master’s Thesis is linked to PPPG (Public Policy and Education Management Graduate Program) in the Pedagogical Management and Educational Contexts research line. This manuscript is inserted in the scope of the GEPE research group - Special Education and Inclusion Research and Studies Group, from the Federal University of Santa Maria. As a problem, the initial question is: How can stories of rural schools in Caçapava do Sul constitute clues for the collective construction of a rural education school in the present? Based on the concept of research craftsmanship (MILLS, 1976), documents, reports, minutes, texts, and interviews with teachers, parents, students, and employees were gathered, thus composing a mobilizing collection (material/resource made of interviews, images, documentation, and problematizations) of school communities’ participation. As a final product, a photo book of pictures, stories, and poetry, producing the historicity of those who compose/composed rural education in Caçapava do Sul. With this methodological movement, the general objective is sewn: To make visible some stories of rural schools in Caçapava do Sul starting from the aforementioned clues, between suspensions and documents, looking at the possibility of education in the present. The mobilizing material built from these clues and experiences (LARROSA, 2021), including the final product (photobook), can be used by the municipal education network as a study subsidy, in common, collectively, and with intention, for the construction of other ways of working the rural school model. Thus, in the collective between the municipal network, rural education teachers, and education managers, to design a rural education school for our time, including the production of a municipal public policy for rural schools, the organization of management and appreciation of such institutions in Caçapava do Sul.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES