Repositório RCAAP

The study aimed to get to know the organization of teaching strategies in special education, reflecting about the collaboration and articulation processes in school as a possibility to provide curricular accessibility. It has epistemological, theoretical and methodological basis on Systemic Thinking, from the contributions of Vasconcellos (2013), Maturana (1990; 1998; 2014); Maturana and Varela (2001) and Pellanda (2009), comprehending the complexity, the instability and intersubjectivity. On what comes to pedagogical issues, it is based on Meirieu’s (1998; 2002; 2005; 2006) Differential Pedagogy, and, on the curriculum matters, it is reasoned on Sacristán (2000; 2013), Arroyo (2011), Moreira and Caudau (2007) and Moreira and Silva (2008). In accordance with the systemic thought, the research was methodologically inspired and followed the principles of the Cartography Method, valuing the following of processes. Data production took place from the information given by the 8th Regional Coordinating of Education, regarding the organization of special education in Santa Maria’s State Schools Network; individual conversations with 26 special education teachers, who perform in Specialized Educational Service (SES), and nine pondering meetings, which were made through the Google Meet platform, given the necessary social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of the study took place from four fronts: 1) the organization of special education in Santa Maria’s State School Network; 2) analysis of the special education teachers’ perceptions about joint teaching strategies and the collaboration processes in school; 3) existence and organization of joint and collaborative teaching strategies in the researched context, and; 4) possibilities and challenges to curricular accessibility, experienced in the context of regular teaching. Special Education, in the researched context, is mostly organized around the offer of Specialized Educational Service, whereas, out of 41 schools, 35 offer the service, developed by female teachers, almost all of whom have initial training in special education. The teachers understand any conversation between them and the regular teaching teachers - as small talks in hallways, at break time, and meeting-parallel - as joint teaching. There are no specific moments intended for articulation and collaboration between the areas. Teaching strategies are organized, preferably, with service at resource rooms that, at many times, happen on the same shift as the school shift, ending up as a teaching replacement and as a curricular distinction experience. It is noteworthy that curriculum access is limited, both due to the students’ intrinsic conditions, as well as the teachers’ methodological conditions in classroom, which emerge as traditional and not diverse. It is possible to notice the maintaining of the split between regular teaching and special education, although they inhabit the same physical space (regular school). We defend the thesis that the construction of a joint and collaborative practice in the educational context is presented as a powerful tool regarding curricular accessibility, allowing a break from certain historical barriers that hamper the schooling of special education’s target-students in regular teaching, and that make curricular accessibility impossible.

Este trabajo fue desarrollado en el curso de Maestría en Educación del Programa de Postgrado en Educación de la Universidad Federal de Santa María, en la línea de investigación “Políticas Públicas Educacionales, Prácticas Educativas y sus Interfaces – LP2”. La cuestión guía de esta investigación es: ¿De qué manera la orientación socioeducativa en adolescentes en libertad asistida colaboró o no con sus proyectos de vida? Tiene como objetivo general el análisis de la condición en la que la orientación socioeducativa en adolescentes en libertad asistida colaboró o no con sus proyectos de vida y como objetivos específicos: la construcción del perfil de los adolescentes atendidos durante la libertad asistida entre los años de 2015-2019; la búsqueda en los prontuarios de atendimiento socioeducativo (PAS) de las acciones desarrolladas por el equipo multiprofesional durante la orientación socioeducativa y mientras se ejecutaba la libertad asistida en el periodo de 2015-2019 y la compresión de las acciones educativas desarrolladas durante la orientación socioeducativa para conocer si ofrecen o no una contribución para la formulación de proyectos de vida. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, de tipo documental, en un programa de medidas socioeducativas, en medio abierto y en la ciudad de Santa María/RS. El foco de la investigación se concentró en la libertad asistida, los sujetos y las acciones educativas. Un total de 65 prontuarios de adolescentes que cumplieron la libertad asistida y tuvieron sus procesos extinguidos por ese cumplimiento fueron utilizados para el levantamiento de las acciones y los proyectos de vida. Los datos fueron obtenidos a partir de los relatos de las orientaciones socioeducativas que se encontraban en los prontuarios, rellenados por el orientador o por el equipo de multiprofesionales y además, fueron manejados con base a un Análisis Textual Cualitativo, desarrollado por Morales (2003). Para sustentar las discusiones teóricas propuestas, recurrí a Paulo Freire (1987), Juarez Dayrell - Zenaide Alves (2015), Antonio Carlos Gomes da Costa (1999), Carmen Craidy (2015), Gilberto Velho (1994), Mirian Abramovay (2002, 2010) entre otros. A través de este estudio, fue identificado que los registros de las orientaciones socioeducativas no ofrecen la dimensión total del trabajo desarrollado, las acciones educativas son potenciales para pensar en proyectos de vida e apuntan para una socioeducación que transforma al sujeto, aunque las brechas generadas por el bajo número de relatos en las fichas de acompañamiento y la no participación directa de los sujetos no permiten comprender la contribución efectiva en la formulación de proyectos de vida y por último, la necesidad de capacitaciones que apunten a la calificación del trabajo socioeducativo.

The National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) allows discussions and reflections on different teaching fields, such as early childhood education. This dissertation will discuss the (re)construction of the political-pedagogical project (PPP) of an early childhood education unit located in a public institution of higher education, which, in its pedagogical practices, develops a new look at early childhood education. These practices enable new ways of organizing experiences, as well as allows the transformations that take place within the classroom and in school planning. This research aims to analyze the repercussions of the guidelines proposed by the BNCC for early childhood education in the curricular organization of the Ipê Amarelo Child Education Unit (UEIIA). The theoretical support of the research was the specific legislation for early childhood education and the contribution of studies carried by Kishimoto (2016), Kramer (2012), Barbosa (2016), Fochi (2018), among others. The research is of a qualitative nature, carried out in two stages: an analysis of the PPP and, subsequently, data collection through semi-structured interviews or an online questionnaire, due to the covid-19 pandemic. It was possible to understand the movement that the UEIIA carried out for the (re)construction of the PPP, which observed how the limitations and potential of the BNCC were adapted to a proposal that values the role of children from an interpretation of the BNCC that open possibilities of action without showing forms of implementation that restrict the principles and specificities of early childhood education.

This work deals with the Limits and possibilities of Inclusive Music Education, considering the percussion practices for children and adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The research problematic arose from the reflections about the activities developed in the workshops in the Atoque Social Percussion Project, Santa Maria - Rio Grande do Sul. The master's thesis is linked to the Education and Arts research line - LP4, of the Graduate Program in Education, from the Federal University of Santa Maria and to the research group NarraMus and has as general objective - To analyze the effects of the musical intervention of the percussion workshop, and the social and learning relationship of children and adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ), contributing to their social inclusion. The research study methodology is qualitative. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with parents and guardians, narratives that portray the importance of remembrance in rescuing life stories. The narratives became relevant to this research, because it instigated the educator the possibility of acting as an active protagonist narrator, writer of stories that are constituted from different training situations, portraying the importance of learning and joint reflection with their subjects of research, featuring an open and meaningful dialogue in the academic process. The research subjects consisted of the researcher himself and the relationship developed in the workshops of the Atoque Social Percussion Project with six children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years diagnosed with ASD, as well as with the collaboration and participation of their respective guardians. . The theoretical framework was based on studies by authors of music education, inclusive music education, Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Social Project, such as - Souza (2008), Chiarelli and Barreto (2005), Brito (2003), among others. It was found that there are many challenges that are presented to improve the development and interaction of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In the interviews collected with parents and guardians of students with the spectrum, there were many questions that were related to the percussion workshop and its collaborations in the lives of these subjects, issues that were only discovered after the reports of the guardians, who mentioned that in addition to The workshop contributes to an improvement in the development of the concentration of social relationships also helped in the coexistence of siblings in their family environment, in improving the quality of sleep of children after entering the workshop, helping to improve the speech and reading of one of the students and in overcoming the fears that accompanied him throughout his life. Therefore, these surveys confirm that music professionals, family members of children and adolescents with ASD, understand that music can be a form of treatment aid for these individuals, bringing benefits and a better quality of life for subjects with TEA and their families.

The online environment provides a wealth of information for individuals purchase decision, especially social commerce, which makes accessible the opinions and positive and negative recommendations of other consumers about products and brands. However, human information processing capacity is limited and multiple information sources and communication requirements can result in cognitive overload, affecting decision-making. In this way, people often seek other consumers comments and ratings as part of their consumption decisions, which implies using these recommendations to complement and replace the information provided by product sellers. In addition, variables at the individual level, such as the involvement level with the product, influence individuals' search for information. In this sense, this study aims to verify the online product recommendations (OPRs) use as complementary and substitute information in the product information processing with different involvement levels by the individual in social commerce. A quasi-experiment was developed with two decision tasks: i) booking a hotel; and, ii) purchase a television, from the manipulation of the variables information quantity (less x more) and involvement level with the product (low x high). For data collection, eye tracker equipment and questionnaires were used. Data analysis comprised descriptive analyses, based on the metrics fixations quantity and duration of the participants, recorded by the eye tracker, besides non-parametric tests: Mann-Whitney Test and Wilcoxon Signs Rank Test. The results show that online product recommendations are the main criterion considered by the participants when choosing a hotel and TV. The Mann-Whitney test performance for the fixations recorded in the OPRs item resulted in only one significant difference, indicating that individuals highly involved with the hotel and exposed to more information tend to dedicate themselves to the systematic information processing. The dual role of recommendations was found, as substitute and complementary information. It was also found that the involvement level with the product influences information processing. Regarding the effect of the product type, no significant differences were identified in all groups, attesting that, regardless of the object of analysis, the participants followed a pattern of information analysis. The study presents theoretical and practical implications that can help researchers and managers in understanding the decision-making process in online environments.

The separation between ownership and control made the occurrence of conflicts of interest between the parties interested in the firms inevitable, which, combined with an environment of informational asymmetries, led to agency problems. Corporate Governance emerges to mitigate these conflicts and, for this, proposes practices such as executive compensation policies and information disclosure. In recent years, the growing demand for information on executive compensation has led several countries to adopt stricter requirements regarding the disclosure of compensation packages. Specific characteristics of regions and nations, such as legal origin, shape different systems of Corporate Governance, influencing the temporal aspect the adoption regulation of remuneration disclosure. Given the above, the objective of this study is to identify the effect of mandatory disclosure of executive compensation on performance, compensation policy, risk, and liquidity of firms in countries with weak legal protection. Therefore, a quasi-experiment was carried out using the Difference-in-Differences (DID) method, in which the mandatory disclosure of executive compensation is assumed as an exogenous shock. Thus, the effect of the legal framework was compared on firms that were affected and on those that were not, before and after legal intervention, in countries of legal origin in French civil laws (Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Spain and Italy). Furthermore, for a joint analysis considering the influence of specificities and latent variables of the countries, multilevel generalized linear models were estimated. The main results indicate that the compulsory disclosure of executive compensation decreases the accounting performance of Brazilian firms, however, it increases the market performance of Argentine and Brazilian companies. Legal intervention reduces executive salaries but increases compensation for shares and options in Spanish companies, on the other hand, Brazilian managers receive higher total compensation. Regulating the disclosure of incentives to executives also reduces the market risk of firms in Brazil, Spain, and Italy, as well as the liquidity of Belgian and Brazilian companies. In the joint analysis between the countries, the results of the multilevel models suggest that the regulation of remuneration disclosure would be a good mechanism to combat agency problems, given that it increases accounting performance and decrease the proportion of resources held in cash by firms in countries with weak legal protection.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

The increase in waste generation from information technologies and electricity consumption in Brazil shows the need to search for environmental and economic solutions. Product developers employ key strategies to solve this problem, namely efficient use of materials in the production of equipment, and the use of tools such as remanufacturing or recycling. Remanufacturing includes the use of industrial processes that extend the life of items that are worn out and unable to perform their original function. Remanufacturing operations have strengths and impasses arising from the process itself, and it is necessary to analyze these characteristics, consider themes and evaluate their application. The remanufacturing process consists of bringing an already worn out good to the same or superior quality as a new good with an equivalent guarantee. The benefits expand to environmental aspects, reducing electricity consumption at rates more than half compared to the traditional process, and significantly reducing the consumption of materials from nature. Remanufacturing makes it possible to improve the production process, reducing the environmental impact caused and production costs. Therefore, this dissertation presents the development of simulation models to evaluate the environmental and financial impacts caused by the extension of the life cycle of printers and toner cartridges through remanufacturing. For the modeling of the system, the System Dynamics methodology was used using the Vensim simulator, version 2022. For experimentation, verification and evaluation of the model, three scenarios were defined: the current one, with the current reuse rates, the optimistic, with high rates of waste reuse; and medium, with lower reuse rates. In designing the model, it was decided to build it in sub-models, in order to facilitate its experimentation and analysis. The results present important data for the application of remanufacturing, and the simulated scenarios justify the expansion of remanufacturing on a larger scale.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The excess of fluoride ions (F-) is a problem in the quality of water supply because they can trigger human health problems such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. Removal of F- to concentrations predicted by potability standards (less than 1.5 mg F-L-¹) can be made possible by the use of unit electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) operations and adsorption. The main objective of this dissertation was to contextualize the problem of F- in water, groundwater monitoring and consequently propose and study defluoridation operations, evaluating the best-operating conditions of electrocoagulation-flotation and the development of adsorbent for adsorption. Initially, the dependence of groundwater resources was presented, and the General Monitoring Index (IGM) showed that in 2018 in Brazil, the average water quality sampling was 1.3 samples per 1,000 inhabitants. Besides, about 489 samples were performed due to reporting, disasters or F- outbreaks, with dilution being the most used technique to reduce F- concentrations. In well water monitoring at the university, mean concentrations of 2.7 mgF-L-¹ were found, and at school 3.8 mgF-L-¹, accompanied by high concentrations of other parameters. As an alternative to defluoridation, ECF with school water samples completely removed at F- concentrations, with the best conditions having a pH below 6.2, reaction times greater than 20 minutes, any value being current density ensures a minimum efficiency of 95%. The removal of F- in aluminum hydroxide flakes was the identified defluoridation mechanism, and a negative aspect is the residual aluminum concentrations in the treated water were above the potability limit. Finally, it is concluded that ECF is not fully sufficient to potable groundwater, however, for defluoridation is an efficient and viable alternative. For adsorption, a tobacco residue-supported Al-Ca-Zn trimetallic composite (Al-Ca-Zn-tab) was synthesized as an alternative to using an agricultural residue from the F- contamination chain for defluoridation. In adsorption studies, F- removal efficiencies were up to 71.7%, with actual accumulations of up to 2.78 mg g-¹, and maximum accumulations of 13.59 mg g-1. The most suitable isotherm model was Freundlich, obtaining kF of 0.1336 (mg g-¹) (L mg-¹) (1 n-¹), n of 1.13, R² of 0.9978 and ARE 5.1%. The General Order kinetic model was the best fit, with kn of 0.193 min-¹, qn of 1.15 mg g-¹, n of 7.139, R² of 0.9881 and ARE of 5.21. Besides, through the thermodynamic analysis, it was found a predominance of physisorption phenomena and exothermic process, obtaining ΔG ° of -8.55 kJ mol-¹, ΔH ° of -1.21 kJ mol-¹, ΔS ° of 0.023 kJ mol-¹. The proposed adsorption mechanism is based on the ion exchange of surface hydroxyl groups, as well as electrostatic interactions due to bi and trivalent cations. Thus, Al-Ca-Zn-tab adsorbent proved to be an efficient alternative in the removal of fluoride ions from the water supply. Finally, with this work, we tried to present the problem of F- in waters, for the purpose of developing efficient defluoridation technologies. Consequently, we seek to contribute to the reduction of cases of fluorosis and other problems arising from exposure to the risk of excessive consumption of F-, thus helping to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

This dissertation is divided into two chapters with the following objectives: Chapter 1: (i) Evaluate the potential use of bioinputs in reducing the corn crop yield gap; (ii) Evaluate the growth and development parameters of the corn crop modified by the use of bioinputs in dry and irrigated conditions, Chapter 2: (i) Identify the values of the optimal agronomic components of corn productivity that provide high yields. To achieve the objectives of chapter 1, parameters of growth, development and productivity of two experiments carried out under rainfed and irrigated conditions were evaluated, in two locations during the agricultural harvest of 2020/2021. To achieve the objective of Chapter 2, the yield components Leaf area index, plant density, row number per spike, number of grains per spike and 1000 grain mass were determined through data collected in commercial crops and experiments in irrigated and rainfed condition, which exploit a wide range of sowing dates (from August to March), from 10 agricultural years (2005–2019). The optimal agronomic component values were determined using the limit function methodology. The importance of each productivity component was defined from the regression tree and Venn diagram. The main results of this work were: (i) the microorganisms influence the growth and development (ii) there was an increase in the mass of 1000 grains and in the productivity (Mg.ha-1) in the rainfed condition with the use of Thichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachatium, Azospirillum brasillense, Hidra Hume + Nucleus - O - Phos. The values of the optimal agronomic components of the yield potential in corn are 5.3 ÌAF (leaf area index), 9.3 plants per m², 605 grains per ear and a thousand grain mass of 369 grams. This information can help optimize current corn management practices to increase productivity and resource efficiency.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

In recent decades, extreme rainfall-runoff events have increased significantly as a result of climate change and anthropogenic impacts at the global scale. Several authors have reported the influence of land use and land cover (LULC) in this scenario. However, the effects of LULC on the mechanisms that govern the flow generation process, especially in watersheds, are not yet fully understood. The use of hydrological modeling with tools such as remote sensing has been used by researchers to describe the hydrological processes in the catchments. A highlight has been the information obtained from vegetation indexes such as the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2), from the product MOD13. This satellite provides an image with a spatial resolution of 250 m, with a temporal resolution of 16 days, used in applications that describes the vegetations parameter. Using EVI2 information, this work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using EVI2 information to improve the space-time parameterization of the NCRS-CN method and the SWAT model, in the simulation of the flow generation of two rural watersheds, called WS80 (0.8 km²) and WS140 (1.39 km²), located in the municipality of Júlio de Castilhos, Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. The simulations used monitored rain-runoff data between 2010 and 2012, using the Curve Number (CN-NRCS) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models. For the CN-NRCS method, the results showed that there was a correlation between the initial abstraction parameter (Ia) and the LULC variations described by the EVI2 vegetation index, being possible to use the CN-NRCS method with initial abstraction ratio (λ) (variable) by obtaining Ia via EVI2, the performance of this approach was superior to the traditional ones, with λ fixed, in the simulation of the total runoff in the basin rain events. The SWAT model can simulate the flow when no data was available to watersheds, when the rotations crop observed by EVI2 are described and the model setup with the parameters of a neighboring basin (donor). EVI2 demonstrated potential, either as an exploratory or research tool, contributing to the understanding of the behavioral hydrological processes of runoff generation from the two watersheds.

The debate on the theme of make-believe play has expanded in recent years. In addition, studies and research with children on stage are more intense in this century, mainly related to their voices, their listening. These are seen as citizens of rights, protagonists, social agents, producers of cultures. Thus, the study prioritizes listening to children, their points of view, giving sound to their voices, sometimes silenced looking at their children's specificities with the theme: The revolutionary play of make-believe in the historical-cultural perspective: Voices, images, manifestations, expressions of childhood and children 4 and 5 years. This study is based on the historical-cultural perspective of Vigotski (1988, 1993, 1996, 1998, 2005, 2009, 2021) and his followers Leontiev (1978, 2010), Elkonin (1998), Mukhina (1995), which defends make-believe play as a guide activity for children in Early Childhood Education, that is, as one of the most important actions for their learning and development process, as a source of psychic, character and personality development. Its general objective is to analyze the voices, images, manifestations expressed at the time of revolutionary make-believe play for children aged 4 and 5 years. It also aims to identify the social and cultural aspects of 4 and 5 year old children that are evidenced in their make-believe ways of playing; recognize the voices, the scenarios, the themes, the contents, the make-believe play characters portrayed today by children aged 4 and 5; understand the imaginary situations and the use of rules used by children aged 4 and 5 years in the moments of Play make-believe. The research is qualitative, inspired by ethnography, based on research methodology with children. Ethnography is one of the main methodologies for researching childhood, as this mode better captures the voice of children and their modes of participation in the data presented. The study was developed in two moments and in two different contexts/reality. The first moment, before the Pandemic, was carried out in the context of two public institutions (Municipal Early Childhood Education Centers – CEIMs) that work with children from 0 to 5 years old in the city of Chapecó/SC. Participants were specifically children aged 4 and 5 years old. The second moment, during the Pandemic, was carried out in the context/daily life of the residence of the researcher and children of the same age group in the rural area of the municipality of Nova Itaberaba/SC. The production of data was carried out through participatory observation, filming, photographs during moments of make-believe play. In summary, when we observe the child playing make-believe playing scenes experienced in their social and cultural relationships, we identified that the roles assumed by children in both CEIMs surveyed, as well as in the context of the rural area, were related to family relationships (reproducing the role of mother, father, son, grandmother, grandfather) and the content of the world of work, professions (driver, police, hairdresser, teacher, doctor). The children portray in their expressions (playing and drawing) the social injustices they are subjected to in their daily lives. Based on studies, we consider that through make-believe play, children experience new learning. They are a guiding activity and a source of development boosting higher psychic functions and the instruction process. There is no make-believe game without imagination and rules. Imagination depends on experience and the child's experience forms and grows gradually. Playing, the child desires, fulfills wishes, experiences the main categories of reality, creating ways of being and being in the world.