Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Despite improvements in the healthcare system, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death in the adult population. For every ten deaths in this population, three are related to cardiovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease (CAD), is responsible for most of these deaths. Treatment of CAD has advanced with the development of new medications and the advent of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the 1960s. These technologies provided more remarkable survival and quality of life for many patients. However, heart surgery is not without risk. Among its complications is the stroke, a rare complication (1- 6% of cases) but feared since it causes significant morbimortality and high hospital and social costs. This study aimed to evaluate predictors of postoperative stroke in patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM). To this end, a retrospective cohort study was carried out, which included an analysis of 678 patients ≥ 18 years old who underwent valve replacement surgery and/or coronary artery bypass grafting from July 1, 2011, to December 31, 2018. In addition, demographic data, exams, data and clinical information from the postoperative period were collected. The incidence of stroke in the sample was 3.5% (n=24), with most events being ischemic (n=23) and diagnosed within the first 72 postoperative hours (n=21). After univariate and multivariate analysis, the following risk factors related to postoperative stroke were identified: previous stroke/TIA (RR=2.7 - 95% CI 1.108 -6.559 - p < 0.029), carotid disease (RR=4.0 – 95% CI 1.429-11.440 – p < 0.008), previous atrial fibrillation (RR=3.1 – 95% CI - 1.209-7.935 – p < 0.019) and postoperative platelets ≥ 230 thousand (RR=2.5 – 95% CI - 1.059 -5.882 - p < 0.037). Hospital mortality was 8.0% (N=54), with 20.8% in patients who had a stroke in the postoperative period. The incidence of stroke found in the sample was higher than that described in the world literature, but similar to the national series and the individuals who presented this complication had higher mortality. This study also reinforces classic risk factors for postoperative stroke in cardiac surgery.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This work was developed in the Doctoral Course of the Graduate Program in Education at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, in the line of research “educational public policies, educational practices and their interfaces - LP2”. This is a study within the scope of Youth and Adult Education (EJA), with an emphasis on youth school trajectories and the social relevance of the modality as a space for schooling students with age/grade gaps before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The guiding question of this research was: how do the school trajectories of young students develop in the transition from regular-time education to Youth and Adult Education? It had the general objective of analyzing the school trajectories of young students in the transition from regular-time education to Youth and Adult Education. To achieve it, the following specific objectives were proposed: to discuss public policies for the area of education regarding EJA and youth; to identify the profile of students who attend Elementary School at EJA in two municipal schools in Alegrete/RS; to comprehend the processes that lead the elementary school student to the Education of Youth and Adults on a regular basis through their school trajectories, and to understand how the school education of these students was conducted during the pandemic period of 2020. Qualitative-quantitative research of social analysis of the case study type was carried out. The subjects were EJA Elementary School students enrolled in two municipal schools in Alegrete, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data collection instruments used were a closed questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Additionally, documentary research was used to structure aspects related to important legislation and quantitative data for the design of the studied panorama. The data obtained through the mentioned methodological instruments was treated from the qualitative textual analysis, developed by Moraes (2003) and Moraes and Galiazzi (2006; 2016). To support the theoretical discussions proposed here, I discussed with Paulo Freire (2018; 2017; 2001; 2000; 1999; 1987; 1985), Miguel Arroyo (2017; 2014; 2013), José Machado Pais (1993; 1990), Juarez Dayrell (2016; 2007; 2006), Raewyn Connell (2006), François Dubet (2020; 2015; 2007; 2005; 2004), Gimeno Sacristán (2017; 2016; 2013), Roque Moraes (2003; 2006; 2016), among other authors positioned in the socio-critical perspective. Through this study, it was possible to reveal that EJA, as it is organized, does not contribute to the social and educational demands of the present, nor does it collaborate in the construction of projects for the future of youths. Additionally, it indicates the difficulty of youths in age/grade gap to find adequate space within the schooling process available in the researched context.

Financial well-being plays an important role in the economic and social system, since its concept and spheres of analysis are multifaceted and have been used as a thermometer of how the population is in relation to financial and health factors. In this context, this research aims to verify the impact of financial preparation for retirement (FPR) and indebtedness behavior (IB) on the perception of financial well-being (PFWB) in the elderly. A survey was carried out with 885 individuals aged 60 years or older, residents of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, regardless of whether they were retired or not. The data used come from the application of questionnaires distributed by the eight intermediate geographic regions of the state. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The main results obtained indicate that the debt behavior construct has a negative impact on financial preparation for retirement and on the perception of financial well-being. This research also aims to verify the level of each of the constructs used (IB, FPR and PFWB), the findings are that among the elderly in Rio Grande do Sul there is a low level of financial preparation for retirement, a high perception of financial well-being and a very low level of borrowing behavior. In this way, it is concluded that the elderly reach the retirement stage with a savings deficit and with great dependence on income from social security programs to support their families. Furthermore, the positive impact of financial preparation for retirement on the perception of financial well-being was found. Such findings highlight the importance of regulations that deal with the limit of credit supply and that prioritize the requirement of transparency of financial institutions in the disclosure to the less enlightened public. Therefore, it is essential that public policies to control indebtedness and incentives for financial preparation for retirement for the elderly are built in order to achieve better levels of financial well-being.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This work consisted of an investigation of the ethnographic type, concerning the textile practices of the crochet as cultural expression of resistence. In this perspective, sought to understand tem in its ritual processes of transmission, learning and significance, in the ambit of the informal education....

Brazil is a signatory to the United Nations International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopting the Doctrine of Integral Protection, as well as the principle of non-discrimination and the right of recognition. On the other hand, the reality faced by Brazilian childrens and adolescents with disabilities reveals difficulties, which were accentuated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore the present work seeks the right to accessibility to promote the education of Brazilian children and adolescents with disabilities, during the Covid-19 pandemic, in a normative and doctrinal analysis based on bibliometrics carried out on the subject, wich is done with the purpose of protecting the following research problem: the extent to which the actors in charge of integral protection, especially society, including the scientific community, international agencies and Brazilian non- governmental organizations, and the Brazilian State, contributed, to the access to education of children and adolescents with disabilities in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic? The theoretical framework of the present work was composed by the works of the author Josiane Rose Petry Veronese and the theoretical contributions of the author Axel Honneth, from the book “The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts”. To answer the research problem, we opted for the deductive approach method and the monographic procedure method. The procedures used were the bibliographic and documental analysis, combined with the techniques of research of records; summaries; charts and bibliometric research of the legal scientific community on the subject, which was carried out on the Sucupira Platform website, more specifically in the “Qualis Periodicals” tool. With the analysis, it was found that the rights of children and adolescents with disabilities must be guaranteed with absolute priority by the agents responsible for their full protection, and their differences must be recognized and respected. Furthermore, the accessibility becomes essential for the promotion of the right to education of children and adolescents with disabilities, both rights being guaranteed in international laws and also at the domestic level. It was concluded that there is a scarcity of studies, published in the country´s highest quality journals, regarding the object of the present work, making the contributions of the scientific community, in these dissemination vehicles, unsatisfactory. With regard to the international agencies analyzed, it can be said that they contributed to the access to education of children and adolescents with disabilities, both in terms of the period when schools were closed and for the later period, with the resumption of classes, classroom or blended learning, as well as the non-governmental organizations studied and the Internet Management Committee in Brazil, with the exception of the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (CONANDA). However, the guidelines presented were not enough to promote concrete changes that guarantee access to education for students with disabilities during the Covid-19 pandemic, lacking articulation between the guidelines issued by international agencies and by the organizations of Brazilian society studied and public authorities.

Objective: To compare the spectrographic vocal characteristics of transsexual women with those of cisgender women and to analyze the videolaryngostroboscopic characteristics of transsexual women. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional and quantitative study with people between 19 and 44 years old. A sample composed of images of videolaryngostroboscopic of 15 transsexual women was evaluated by three otorhinolaryngologists rated the images on a range of parameters, for statistical analysis, we used the t-test, ANOVA F-test, with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Three speech therapist judges analyzed spectrographic images of 31 transsexual women and 32 cisgender women and the T test was used for independent samples with a significance level of 5%. Results: In the 15 images of videolaryngostroboscopic, almost half of the participants had complete glottic closure and the other half had different types of glottic slits, and most of the individuals had an equal vertical level of PPVV approach. In the broadband spectrographic of the 32 cisgender women, the following aspects were significantly better than in the group of transsexual women: intensity of the color of the tracing in all evaluated items; definition and regularity of formants 1, 2, and 4; bandwidth of all formants; and regularity of the tracing in all evaluated items. The 31 transsexual women showed significance for antiresonance immediately above the first formant and at low frequencies. Narrowband spectrographic of the 32 cisgender women, the following aspects were significantly better than in the group of transsexual women: intensity of the color of the tracing in all evaluated items; presence of noise in medium and high frequencies and in the spectrogram as a whole; replacement of harmonics by noise at medium and high frequencies and in the spectrogram as a whole; definition and regularity of harmonics at high frequencies; number of harmonics at high frequencies and in the spectrogram as a whole; and presence of subharmonics at high frequencies. Conclusion: In transsexual women, aspects compatible with increased nasality were higher and aspects related to noise were lower, suggesting vocal adjustments in an attempt at vocal feminization. The other aspects showed male characteristics, indicating that transsexual women need professional assistance to feminize their voices.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Three studies compose this thesis that aims to evaluate the fatigue mechanical behavior of dental ceramics in relation to the different conditions of the substrate to which they were adhesively luted. In the first study, discs (n= 15; Ø= 10 mm; thickness= 0.7 mm or 1.0 mm) of two zirconia-based ceramics (ZR) were cemented on substrates of epoxy resin (ER), resin composite (RC) or metallic alloy (MA) to evaluate the influence of the elastic modulus (E) of the substrate on the fatigue behavior of two generations (2ndg and 3rdg) of ZR with different thicknesses. The specimens were submitted to an accelerated fatigue test (frequency= 20 Hz) with increasing load levels until the presence of cracks or a maximum load of 2800N. ZR cemented onto MA (higher E) presented improved results in both generations and thicknesses. 2ndg ZR had superior fatigue behavior than 3rdg ZR. Regarding the thickness, the 1.0mm specimens had improved results than the 0.7mm only for the 2ndg ZR group. In the second study, discs (n= 15; Ø= 10 mm, thickness= 1.0 mm) of ZR, feldspathic ceramic (FEL), lithium disilicate reinforced glass ceramic (LD) and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) were adhesively cemented onto ER or MA substrates, also with the objective of evaluating the influence of the E of the substrate on the fatigue behavior of ceramic restorations. The accelerated fatigue test was performed similarly to the previous study. All the ceramics had better mechanical behavior when cemented onto MA (stiffer material), with LD presenting similar results to ZR, both superior to FEL and PICN. PICN was similar to ZR and DL when they were bonded onto a softer substrate (RC). In this condition, FEL showed lower results than the other materials. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed for the first two studies, corroborating the results found in the fatigue test. The objective of the third study was to evaluate the influence of the surface treatment of the substrate on the fatigue behavior of lithium disilicate ceramics cemented onto the treated RC substrate. RC discs were made to simulate resin composite prosthetic cores and subjected to different surface treatments after the removal of temporary cement. LD discs were adhesively cemented onto the treated substrate discs, and the samples were subjected to a fatigue test (n= 15) with similar methodology to the first two studies, with the load application on the ceramic disc surface. Substrate samples were also submitted to topographic analysis, where different characteristics were found on the surface of the RC substrate, but no protocol influenced the mechanical behavior of LD. Thus, the modulus of elasticity had a positive effect on the fatigue behavior when the ceramic restorations were adhesively cemented onto stiffer substrates, while the thickness of the ceramic discs of the different generations of ZR influence only the mechanical behavior of the second generation of zirconia. The surface treatment of the substrate did not influence the mechanical behavior of the DL ceramic.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This research proposed to discuss the oral language delay from an interdisciplinary perspective between Speech-Language Pathology and Psychoanalysis. It aimed to study and compare the effects of interdisciplinary interventions of Speech Therapy and Psychoanalysis on language development in children with language delay. The research consisted of a case study, of a qualitative nature, with longitudinal follow-up. To compose the sample, were selected 4 male children with ages between 2 and 5 years old with oral language delay. It was built two groups of therapy: G1 composed by 2 children who received only speech therapy intervention and G2 composed by 2 children who received speech therapy and psychological intervention, from a psychoanalytic approach. The data was obtained through the application of PROC (Protocol of Behavioral Observation); anamnesis interviews with parents; recordings of children's filming during moments of interaction at playing time; and, interdisciplinary dialogues between professionals. The results were analyzed psychoanalytically, as well as, qualitatively through PROC, language and symbolic play. The pre-intervention evaluations showed that the younger children, Bento (G1) and Gabriel (G2), were similar in some aspects on communicative skills and functions, cognitive development and toy level. They presented difficulties on alternation of shifts with absence in several aspects of the communicative functions. The language proved to be immediate and concrete, with no organization in play. The evaluations of the older children, Wagner (G1) and Lucio (G2), in the pre-intervention phase, also indicated similarities in their results. Lucio (G2) had more difficulty waiting for his turn at playtime and in alternation at the dialogic activity, with language referring only to the immediate and concrete situation. The post-intervention results of the cases that received interdisciplinary intervention showed a significant improvement in the different aspects listed by PROC. Although the children in G1, who received only speech therapy, showed improvement, Bento still had significant difficulties in relation to shifts and their alternation, as well in the aspects of playing. It was noted that there was no change in the category of verbal language comprehension in cases that received only speech therapy. The interdisciplinary dialogue made it possible to evolve effectively in the cases of G2. A psychoanalytic look at the cases that only received speech therapy would allow intervening with the parents, listening to their phantasmagorical speech and working with the children on their questions about the presented problem.

Manipular as condições em que ocorre a codificação ajuda a neutralizar os déficits de memória episódica com a idade. Infelizmente, essa manipulação não teria os mesmos efeitos em todos os idosos. Objetivo: validar uma tarefa experimental de memória episódica verbal em espanhol e determinar a associação entre cognição semântica e recuperação de palavras após o controle de sua codificação na memória. Método: em primeiro lugar, foram elaborados seis blocos de codificação: três profundos e três superficiais, cada um com diferentes demandas de esforço cognitivo. Os blocos foram revisados por quatro juízes especialistas e examinados por seis idosos cognitivamente normais em uma aplicação piloto. A concordância foi avaliada para saber se a tarefa suportava a manipulação combinada do nível de processamento e esforço cognitivo durante a codificação de palavras, bem como a clareza das instruções, exemplos e dinâmica de trabalho. Na fase experimental, 34 idosos cognitivamente normais, com idades entre 60 e 88 anos, completaram os 6 blocos de processamento. Em seguida, a medida de recuperação de palavras foi obtida após um teste de reconhecimento antigo/novo. Em outra instância, foram obtidas as medidas de representação e controle do conhecimento semântico (recuperação controlada e seleção semântica). Foi analisado o efeito principal e de interação do nível de processamento e esforço cognitivo na recuperação de palavras e qual proporção da variância observada na recuperação foi explicada pela cognição semântica dos idosos. Resultados: Os juízes concordam que a tarefa admite uma manipulação combinada do nível de processamento e esforço cognitivo (W = 0,607) e que as instruções são precisas (W = 0,750). Após a pilotagem, os participantes concordaram que as instruções, exemplos e forma de trabalhar em cada bloco eram de fácil compreensão e execução (W=0,514). ANOVA fatorial para medidas repetidas revelou um efeito principal e de interação entre o nível de processamento e os fatores de esforço cognitivo na recuperação da memória. Finalmente, a análise de regressão linear múltipla mostrou que o conhecimento semântico e a recuperação controlada explicaram 73,1% da variância observada na recuperação após o processamento de blocos de codificação profundos. A seleção semântica foi um preditor significativo quando se considerou a recuperação no bloco profundo que exigia alto esforço cognitivo, explicando, em conjunta com os anteriores, 73,1% da variância observada. Conclusão: Houve evidências de validade de conteúdo para a tarefa experimental de memória episódica proposta. O processamento profundo com esforço durante a codificação gerou o maior benefício na recuperação. A cognição semântica foi um preditor significativo para a recuperação, sugerindo que esse fator interno poderia ser considerado um mediador do benefício atribuível ao suporte ambiental implementado no treinamento mnemônico.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The perception of the minimum contrasts in sign language corresponds to the identification of the pairs of minimum contrast in visuogestural modality. Its importance lies in the contribution it can make to knowledge of language development in sign language mode. Objective: To adapt and search for evidence of validity and reliability of an instrument for evaluating the perception of minimal contrasts in Chilean Sign Language (LSCh). Method: The development of the instrument was based on a test to assess the perception of minimal contrasts in Brazilian sign language, which measures the domain of minimal contrast pairs in visuogestural modality. Therefore, the content adaptation and validation process occurred in 7 methodological stages. First, a survey of the pairs of minimum contrast in LSCh (Stage 1) was performed by the author of the test. In Stage 2, the analysis of expert judges (four fluent adults in the LSCh) was carried out, who evaluated the degree of adequacy, vocabulary and representativeness of the words selected in Stage 1. Afterwards (Stage 3), the pairs of minimal contrast and were analyzed by 6 nonspecialist judges (Deaf children and adolescents) (Stage 4). In Stage 5, the test was prepared and elaborated. In stage 6 the selected pairs of words were recorded on video with the test instructions. The video was made by an LSCh interpreter. In stage 7, a pilot study was carried out with the participation of 6 deaf children and adolescents. Subsequently, evidence of reliability was sought, 10 children and adolescents aged between 7 and 14 years participated, who were subjected to test-retest and inter-rater reliability. Results: In Stage 1, 69 pairs of minimal contrast were lifted in LSCh. In Stage 2, the judges evaluated the degree of adequacy by selecting 44 pairs of minimum contrast; later they evaluated vocabulary, selecting 29 pairs and; representativeness, selecting 24 final pairs. In Stage 3, the 24 selected pairs were designed. In Stage 4, non-specialist judges evaluated and redesigned 6 pairs of minimal contrast. In Stage 5, the test was prepared and elaborated. In Stage 6, the video was recorded with the instructions in LSCh. Finally, in Stage 7, in the pilot study, all the children managed to perform all the items, so the stimuli contained in the test contemplated the objective of the evaluation. In the test-retest reliability, a strong association is observed between the results of the test and those of the retest (Rho=0.741; p= 0.014). In the inter-rater reliability, it is observed that the concordance values obtained vary between 0.77 to 1 (p0.001), indicating concordance varying from good to perfect. Conclusions: The Instrument for the Evaluation of the Perception of Minimum Contrasts in Chilean Sign Language is made up of 24 pairs of minimum contrast and presents content validity and satisfactory reliability for its use in the Chilean population.