Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The dissertation proposes to analyze the spread of disinformation by the Jair Bolsonaro government about the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. O recorte analisa o discurso político de postagens difundidas pelo presidente da república, integrantes e aliados do governo, durante o início da pandemia, de janeiro a março de 2020, até o acontecimento #bolsonaroday, no Twitter, no primeiro de abril – dia da mentira. While the World Health Organization recommended social isolation and prevention measures, the Jair Bolsonaro government tried to minimize the importance of the pandemic and the risks of the disease with misinformation, a characteristic of post- truth, as pointed out by Wicholwski (2017). The circulation of these contents took place in the context of the eye of a hurricane called “infodemia”, characterized by the uncontrolled spread and large proportions of uninformative contents associated with the pandemic and its consequences. This strategy adds to a history of aggressive, polarized and fake news propagator discourse adopted by the political figure of Jair Bolsonaro, who served as federal deputy for nearly three decades before becoming head of state. This climate of polarization and clashes is reaffirmed during the presidential election campaign and the government itself, characterized by the constant practice of polemical statements, dissemination of lies and controversial actions that mobilize sociopolitical crises. The research cutout involves the selection of posts made on social networks and traditional media by the political actors involved, characterized as uninformative content based on fact-checking mechanisms from the agencies Comprova, Fato or Fake and Lupa, as well as fact- checking own. We selected among the contents checked, those that are directly related to the Covid-19 context and organized them in a timeline. Next, we analyzed the typology of fake news based on the categories of Wardle (2017) where we found the presence of misleading, false and out-of-context content, among other types. We elaborated a categorization of the themes present in the content, according to Bardin (1977) and we also verified the recurrence of misinformation with an emphasis on a tone modulation between denial and the normalization of the crisis throughout the period. Through the analysis, it is also observed that the Bolsonaro government adopts the clash through misinformation as a discursive strategy characterized by the polarization of “opponents” in line with recommendations from health agencies and discrediting the press.

This work is an ethnography study about media consumption by family agriculture of Santa Maria/RS, participants in the Project Esperança/Cooesperança and who are organized through the social movement of the Solidary Economy. This research is guided by the mediation of social class, understood as a key to understanding the relationships between the construction of class identity, the socio-cultural context and the consumption of the media. The main objective is to understand the role of media consumption, mediated by the solidary economy and by the social class, in the formation of the family agriculture class identity. We sought, during the two years of research, to answer the following research problem: How does media consumption, mediated by the social movement of the solidary economy, modulate the construction of the class identity of family agriculture’ families? For this, we base research on British and Latin American Cultural Studies, through the concept of social class (BOURDIEU, 1984) and the Theory of Mediations (MARTÍN-BARBERO, 2003) based on sociality and rituality. We used the method of critical ethnography reception (RONSINI, 2011), and other techniques based on a multimethodological combination (BONIN, 2014). The results of this research show that the mediations of sociality and rituality are also fundamental to the understanding of the results, with the social class and the solidary economy determining the practices and the way of life of family agriculture. Participation in the solidary economy movement, in turn, mould family life and affects the economic and cultural capital of farmers. The presence of media cultural capital (RONSINI, 2012) is revealed due to the increasing incorporation of means of communication for use in field work. Finally, we emphasize that the identity of family agriculture is built, on the one hand, in continuity and rupture with the peasant identity; on the other hand, as a means of cultural and social valorization, with a minimum counterpart of economic valorization.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The research deals with comicity as a discursive strategy in Christianity, pointing to an intensification of the presence of humour and laughter in religious environments. This intensification is understood as a phenomenon integrated to the mediatization of society and, specifically, to the mediatization of religion. The construction of comic humour is seen in its relationship with the discursive circulation (BRAGA, 2006; 2017; VERÓN, 2004; FAUSTO NETO, 2008; 2018), highlighting it as a communicational problem that has received greater attention in the face of the increasingly complex and diffuse interactions that characterize the ongoing mediatization. New ways of being, living and doing emerge, as well as new forms of religiosity, with flows that open up to previously unimagined possibilities in terms of discourses and social practices. This work presents reflections on the relationship between religion and communication and on the media nature of religion, as well as on the place of religion in contemporary times. It also addresses, from a historical perspective, the tensions between humour and religion in Christianity. It also reviews the theoretical approaches to humour, especially those that contribute to the understanding of its discursive aspects. As for the empirical research, two social actors are highlighted: the Catholic priest Fábio de Melo and the Protestant pastor Cláudio Duarte. These were chosen because they are emblematic of the two main branches of Brazilian Christianity, and because they build unique and diverse ways of adopting humour as a strategy for building bonds with their audiences. Different communicational attempts in the production of these social actors are followed, especially between the years 2017 and 2021, identifying discursive marks of the construction of different forms of comicity, also influenced by an intense interdiscursive circulatory activity. The analysis methodology takes as its starting point the socio-discursive semiological perspective (VERÓN, 2004), making use of other concepts, such as ethos (MAINGUENEAU, 2015) and performance, (GOFFMAN, 2002) in addition to theoretical references about what is proper to humour, laughter and comicity. From the effects of meaning (VERÓN, 2004) identified in the recurrent marks of the activity of these social actors in media platforms (FERNÁNDEZ, 2018), the strategies that act towards the constitution and maintenance of reading contracts (VERÓN, 2004; FAUSTO NETO, 2007) are highlighted. In these contracts, social actors establish unique ways of approaching their audiences, surprising them with different pastoral postures in relation to those traditionally experienced. In their enunciative activity, they alternate between the comic and the serious in order to effect reflections or prescriptions for the lives of their followers. However, they keep differences with each other in terms of ideological affiliations, which results in more open and reflexive forms of comedy, in the case of Fábio de Melo, or more conservative and prescriptive, in the case of Cláudio Duarte.

The research investigates how female representations, in Brazilian soap operas, tensioned by hegemony and selective tradition, make the agendas of the feminist movement visible, from the 1960s to 2010. To answer this question, we analyze the soap operas Véu de Noiva (1969), Pecado Capital (1975), Coração Alado (1980), Explode Coração (1995), América (2005) and A Força do Querer (2017). The general objective is to analyze the relations between Brazilian soap operas and the feminist movement, through the representation of female characters, in six soap operas from the 1960s to 2010. Thus, we have as specific objectives: to map the elements of the historical and social context in each moment of the feminist movement in Brazil; verify how the production logics of the soap operas contribute to the representation of the themes through the characters; identify the feminist themes reinforced in the soap operas and recognize the elements used in the construction of the female characters of the soap operas. In order to achieve these objectives, we use the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the cultural studies, approach from which we develop the concepts such as cultural material, mediation, hegemony and tradition, and we also elaborate the cultural-media analysis, based on the cultural theory proposed by Raymond Williams (1979). Besides, we present a history of the feminist movement and its developments, mainly in the Brazilian context, based on Céli Pinto (2003, 2018), Maria Amélia Teles (2003, 2017) and Ilze Zirbel (2007). We also highlight the importance of soap operas in the Brazilian context, characterizing them as cultural products with a potential for articulating representations and also as a catalyst for debates on feminist themes, through Charlotte Brunsdon (1997), Ana Carolina Escosteguy (2003, 2019), Heloisa Buarque de Almeida (2002, 2003) and Clara Meirelles (2009). As a result, the visibility of the agenda in the soap operas is demonstrated through five themes: motherhood, violence against women, empowerment, labor market and sexual diversity, in addition to their consequences. In general, there is a representation through a white, little politicized, individualized and meritocratic feminism, which acts within conservative and traditional limits, reinforcing a double sexual morality. The soap operas and feminism have intense relationships and continuous exchanges, but when represented, it is a “well-behaved” movement, which little reflects the plurality of this struggle, giving voice to stable and conservative models of representations, with a guise of “new discourse”, “current” and “liberal”. Nonetheless, they are extremely important products when dealing with this theme, as they are popular and accessible to everyone, and as they dialogue with easy transit in different contexts. This is intensified in Brazil, due to its great relevance in the various cultural contexts.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The thesis seeks to analyze the tensions between the representations of Rio 2016 Olympic Games impacts in the discourse of the series “Rio Voices: Our Olympic Odyssey” from The Guardian and the lived culture in Rio’s favelas in the context of the mega sports event. The choice of the empirical object was motivated by the space granted to three community journalists from Rocinha, Complexo do Alemão and Complexo da Maré in a global news portal, which totals 160 million monthly browsers. The research aims to contextualize the social, political and economic relations between the 2016 Olympic Games and Rio’s favelas; investigate the journalistic mediations in the series that contribute to the construction of representations of the competition impacts; recognize the meanings mobilized in the journalistic discourse and contrast the representations in the series with the lived culture in Rio’s favelas in the context of the event. The thesis is based on the assumption that the insertion of community journalists may have occurred only in a superficial and limited way, not favoring the active and autonomous participation of these marginalized social groups in order to build more plural and alternative representations. The theoretical-methodological path is developed from a proper analytical protocol based on cultural analysis (WILLIAMS, 1979) and discourse analysis (FOUCAULT, 2012) in order to understand the negotiations of meanings between different cultural spheres. Firstly, we analyze the lived culture by describing the mediations of Rio's favelas in the context of the 2016 Olympic Games and The Guardian journalistic mediations; then we map the meanings negotiated in the series discourse amid power relations and ideological disputes; finally, in an interpretative stage, we contrast the representations of the impacts of the mega sports event in the series with the lived culture of Rio’s favelas in the period in order to verify the potentialities and limitations of the insertion of community voices in a global and hegemonic space. As a result, we identified five discursive formations: a) neglect; b) militarization; c) resistance; d) trivialization of violence and e) stereotyping. The research demonstrates, on the one hand, that the presence of mediations of Rio’s favelas, represented by the community journalists, was a differential in the series, as they put into circulation more plural and alternative representations of the mega sports event, bringing the journalistic discourse closer to the lived culture in the communities. However, it cannot be said that the participation of community journalists took place actively and democratically in the series, as The Guardian had full control of the entire production process, restricting the autonomy of these marginalized voices in a tutored and limited space. Thus, the series involved an asymmetrical power relation in which the local was converted into a product for consumption from the global and hegemonic logics.

Las acciones docentes desarrolladas en el universo escolar, colaboran para la reproducción Creemos en la educación como una herramienta capaz de operar cambios cognitivos e intelectuales, transformando la postura de las personas y de las relaciones personales, produciendo un mundo más justo e igualitario. Pero al observar las actividades del día a día de las escuelas y sus prácticas pedagógicas, nos damos cuenta de que los deseos de transformar la realidad siguen siendo utopías de las desigualdades presentes en la sociedad brasileña. Implícita o explícitamente, la escuela reproduce, dentro de ella, relaciones sectarias, reforzando el sexismo y el racismo, entre otros prejuicios. Por tanto, impulsada por el deseo de romper con prácticas pedagógicas que refuerzan el sexismo y silencian a las mujeres en la escuela, inscribimos este trabajo. Reiteramos que el mismo se basa en narrativas que buscan deconstruir el estereotipo de identidad de género de las mujeres de Rio Grande do Sul, en el universo escolar. Sin embargo, esta propuesta de una nueva Historia, de valorar el femenino junto a los estudiantes, se puso en práctica en la clase Y, de la enseñanza media, de la escuela Z, miembro de la red pública estatal, ubicada en el municipio de Pantano Grande, en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Durante el período de marzo de 2019 a marzo de 2020. A partir de la transposición de conocimiento sobre el silenciamiento de las mujeres, estudios sobre identidad de género, con el aporte teórico de las autoras Jean Scott, Michele Perrot y Guacira Louro. Junto con estudios biográficos de cinco mujeres de Rio Grande do Sul, de los más diversos estratos sociales que vivieron en el estado en el siglo XIX y en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Buscamos desmantelar conceptos sexistas y resignificar la imagen del femenino, en el universo escolar, basado en las ideas posestructuralistas de Foucault sobre la construcción de la verdad, a partir de la deconstrucción del discurso de dominación. En este caso, deconstruyendo el discurso machista gaucho de silenciamiento de las mujeres. Por ello, se propuso resignificar la identidad de género con la clase involucrada en el trabajo. Para lograr estos objetivos, la intervención se organizó en cuatro etapas, descritas y analizadas en los cuatro capítulos de este trabajo.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This dissertation addresses the preservation and access of the cultural heritage of writer Pedro Wayne and how this heritage can be presented to the public, thus strengthening the identity of the writer in the cultural scene, since the work of the writer This dissertation addresses the preservation and access of the cultural heritage of writer Pedro Wayne and how this heritage can be presented to the public, thus strengthening the identity of the writer in the cultural scene, since the work of the writer has relevance in the literature of Rio Grande do Sul. The samples used for the application of this work were manuscripts, photographs and personal objects of the writer. Original photographs and manuscripts are documents, sources of evidence, which carry the writer's story, and the information that is contained in the objects serves as memory supports about the individual's life trajectory with emphasis on the community, where he was inserted. Thus, the work is justified by the importance of the collection, aiming at the permanence of the information contained therein. The objective of this work was to rescue the memory of writer Pedro Wayne through his collection, in addition to inventorying, preserving and disseminating the existing collection in the Pedro Wayne Memorial Collection, located at the Pedro Wayne Culture House in Bagé/RS. The research is considered applied, with exploratory qualitative approach, in relation to its bibliographic classification, also having characteristics of a case study. Data collection was achieved through literature review and description of the samples that form a whole. The result was the implementation of a tool that will serve as a rescue of the memory of Pedro Wayne's writer, aiming at the preservation and access to his personal collection.