Repositório RCAAP

This research is linked to the Professional Master of the Postgraduate Program in Public Policy and Educational Management, from the Federal University of Santa Maria, and it address as theme the Strategic Planning in School Management. It aims to understand the challenges e possibilities related to the (re) articulation of strategic planning as a driver of participative management in the context of a public school in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. The specific objectives are: a) to identify the administrative and financial dimensions, as well as their incidences on the pedagogical work of a public school managers; b) to recognize the modes of participation of public managers in the school context, regarding teacher training and pedagogical praxis; c) to know how the managing leaders articulate the different actors for the development of the political pedagogical project; d) to identify the levels of participation of school actors in the planning, development e evaluation of school management; e) to propose guidelines of dynamization and (re) articulation of strategic planning to the management team of a public school. Research in education, with a qualitative approach, is characterized as descriptive and interpretative, of the case study type, developed in a State Public School in Santa Maria, RS. Literature review, document analysis, exploratory questionnaire and semi-structure individual interview, proposed by Gaskell (2003), were used. Data were analyzed and triangulated (sources of information) with the support of Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA), by Moraes e Galiazzi (2006). The protagonists were the teachers working on the management team and a representative of the School Council. The theoretical framework in this dissertation involved mainly the studies of Paro (2016) e Lück (2013). In the investigated school, there is an effective integration (horizontality) among the management team, the continuing education of teachers even with the express determinations from the maintainer, the participation of organizations (School Council and Circle of parents and teachers) in the pedagogical, administrative and financial instances, however, it turns out a low participation of the community, employees and even teachers in certain aspects related to management and the PPP. It is expected that the present research, through the guidance of the final product, that configure the SWOT analysis and the organizational construction of strategic planning, can contribute to build qualitative paths of participation of educational managers in the pedagogical spaces of the school, qualifying and legitimizing the strategic school planning necessary to achieve the objectives proposed with the community involved.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This research was carried out in the Graduate Program in Education, Doctoral Course in Education, in the line of research Public educational policies, educational practices and their interfaces. It deals with the investigation of the potential of mobile devices as a pedagogical support in classroom reading practices, especially with the smartphone device, with students in the ninth grade of elementary school at a Municipal School in the city of Porto Alegre-RS. The focus of this research is centered on school practices, reading, through the digital reading application using the Kobo application. The general objective was to investigate how mobile devices in Portuguese language classes in the final grades of elementary school II may or may not contribute to the development of reflective school reading practices. The research had as specific objectives: to research possible applications for the development of school reading on smartphones, to develop school reading practices in the ninth grade of Elementary School II using applications on smartphones, analyze whether the practices developed in the classroom, with school reading , via the mobile device (smartphone) contribute or not to the development of the act of reading, analyzing and reflecting on the practices developed during the research through the data, perceptions and responses collected during the course of the study and analyzing the development of reflective reading from digital reading. The methodological perspective was Action Research, presented in two cycles: the first in a pilot format, in a private school and the second, which was the main focus for the final analysis and reflections, in a public school. As final reflections and conclusions, we highlight the great ease with which students use the smartphone for their leisure and a certain resistance to using it for educational purposes. Classroom reading practices need to have a real meaning for the student's world and no longer be a mere decoding of letters and words. We also found that, in addition to the need for a technologically equipped school, the entire system that encompasses education needs to go together. The school, the teacher and the students need to be aligned in a single process. Technology alone will not be able to act as a transforming action in education.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

A avaliação da qualidade de serviços no âmbito da administração pública aponta em quais aspectos há a necessidade de aprimoramento do serviço, ou seja, traz importantes informações aos gestores para que estes possam direcionar as políticas públicas e empregar estratégias de acordo com os anseios da comunidade, sempre visando uma aplicação eficaz dos recursos, ainda mais em momentos de incerteza quanto às questões orçamentárias. Os resultados demonstram que os CRAS de Santiago-RS, objeto deste estudo, prestam um excelente serviço, mas que algumas ações podem potencializar melhor seus resultados. Este estudo teve como objetivo formular um modelo avaliativo quantitativo adequado para uso interno da Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Social para decisões assertivas e eficientes nos seus processos de gestão em relação aos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS), visando o aperfeiçoamento do serviço prestado. Para atingir tal fim, foram aplicados questionários que foram respondidos por 510 usuários dos CRAS. Assim, buscou-se caracterizar as famílias usuárias dos CRAS de Santiago e identificar aspectos que afetam a percepção sobre a qualidade e satisfação dos serviços prestados nos CRAS. Na análise dos dados, constatou-se que os usuários têm média de idade de 45,21 anos, sendo a grande maioria do sexo feminino e que a maior parte dos respondentes possui baixa escolaridade e, também, percebem uma renda familiar mensal baixa. Além disso, foi verificado que os usuários utilizam os serviços do CRAS, em sua maioria, há mais de dois anos e que o serviço mais utilizado é o de cadastramento e de atualização do Cadastro Único. Também se percebeu que cada usuário vai ao CRAS, em média, aproximadamente 5 dias ao mês. Ademais, foram analisadas e discutidas algumas variáveis em relação a cada CRAS, onde ficou notória a falta de infraestrutura do CRAS Volante, o que compromete que sejam ofertadas diversas atividades e cursos, fato este que foi corroborado pelo número expressivo de pedidos para realização de mais cursos no referido CRAS. Já no CRAS Vó Ângela, um número expressivo de usuários quer que sejam disponibilizados mais passeios, enquanto o CRAS Delci Viero Ruivo foi o único que teve pedidos para que haja atendimento jurídico e também para que tenha uma academia popular. Por fim, com base nas respostas e nas sugestões dos usuários, foram elaboradas diversas proposições e projetos, sendo que alguns deles já foram, inclusive, colocados em prática, visando que os CRAS de Santiago-RS ampliem e melhorem os serviços para satisfazer o seu público-alvo.

Fundação MO'Ã

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Most corn cultivars have an insertion of grains with different dimensions along a corncob, with the grains from the extremities with a spherical shape and the grains from the center with higher length and lower thickness. These differences in grain dimensions can affect corn properties, as drying kinetics may be different between grains from the center and extremities. In addition, the consistency of the corn endosperm may be different, where the corn from the extremities has a higher presence of vitreous endosperm, which can modify the drying parameters and the effects of the operation on the quality of the grains. These differences can affect drying conditions, which can lead to latent effects of this operation during corn storage. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects of drying and storage conditions of corn from the center and extremities of the corncob on the physicochemical and technological properties of the grains and isolated starch. The effects of drying temperature (60, 80, and 100 ºC) on the quality of corn grains and isolated starch, and the effects of storage temperature (15 and 25 ºC) and storage time (0, 3, and 6 months) on the quality of corn from the center and extremities, separated before and after the post-harvest stages were evaluated. Drying kinetics were quantified by drying time, drying rate, and effective moisture diffusivity. Grain quality was measured by grain classification and evaluation of corn starch, protein, and lipid properties. At higher drying temperatures (80 and 100 ºC), the drying rate and the effective moisture diffusivity of the grains from the center were higher concerning the grains from the extremities. Significant changes were observed in the protein properties of the grains, mainly the reduction of the solubility and inactivation of the lipase enzyme, and the reduction of the lutein and β-carotene contents in the grains from the center, separated after drying. The increase in drying temperature resulted in a reduction in the yield and purity of the extraction and increased the thermal resistance of the starch. The results showed that industrial separation of grains with different dimensions can increase the starch extraction yield by 35 – 40%. The separation of grains from the center and extremities of the corncob during the post-harvest phases can increase the amount of not defective grains by more than 2% after 6 months of storage at 25 °C. After this study, some research gaps were found: a) breeding studies to search for new genotypes with higher uniformity of grains along the corncob, and b) addition of a stage of separation of corn grains with different dimensions before drying/storage.

The studied area is called Lajeado do Pardo, located in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen. The municipality has characteristics of rural and urban use, and due to the current concern with the problem of scarcity of natural resources, mainly the water resource, this approach was chosen, which may contribute to the standardization of the method to determine the water quality index. (IQA), facilitating discussions concerning environmental problems. In this sense, 102 strategic points of water collection were determined, from the source to the water capture point of the municipality, where measurements were taken, through a multiparameter probe, and physical, chemical and microbiological analyzes were carried out, for the purpose of comparing the values maximum limit established by CONAMA RESOLUTION 357. Statistical analyzes were performed with the aid of the R program (R Development Core Team, 2021) and the Microsoft Office Excel® application. The objective of this work was to determine the sample size necessary to estimate the average of variables related to water quality parameters, using T Student distribution methods and Resampling at precision levels. In addition, to evaluate the gain of precision in the estimation of measures of central tendency and of variability in variables of parameters of water quality in water courses. From the data obtained, it was found that the levels of thermotolerant coliforms and total phosphorus are outside the standards for class II waters. A larger sample size is required in the evaluation of N-NH3 and NH3 and a smaller sample size is required for the determination of temperature, redox potential, among others. The estimation error made when using 102 sampling points ranged between 1.20% and 56.14% of the average for variables that require a larger sample size. Accuracy gain is faster for estimating mean than standard deviation and coefficient of variation.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

The present study is directly related to the reflexes of the COVID-19 pandemic on budgetary, financial and social control indicators in the management of the municipality of Alegrete/RS. Such indicators make it possible to compare situations between municipalities or between different periods within the same municipality. The period covered by the work were the exercises of 2016 (without a pandemic) and 2020 (with a pandemic), which represent, consequently, the last period of the 2013/2016 and 2017/2020 administrations of the municipality under study, having as a north of this research, to seek answers to the following question: how did the budgetary, financial and social control indicators of the municipality of Alegrete/RS behave during the period marked by the Covid 19 pandemic? Its main objective was to highlight the variation of budgetary, financial and social control indicators in the Municipality of Alegrete/RS during the period characterized by the Covid 19 Pandemic. The study is characterized as an investigation based on descriptive research, and under a qualitative approach. The budget control indicators showed a similar behavior in the 2016 and 2020 fiscal years; the financial control indicators indicated a surplus flow of financial resources in 2020, while in 2016 it was in deficit. As for the social indicators that contribute to the assessment of the population's living conditions and well-being, such as education, health, security, employment and income, the year 2020 showed a drop in the enrollment rate, a reduction in per capita education spending, low infant birth rate and negative population growth, decrease in the stock of jobs and worsening crime indicators. To further contribute to the assessment of public finance conditions in the Municipality of Alegrete, the Brown Model (1993), CICA Model (1997), Chaney et al. (2002) and the Model by Wang et al. (2007). With the exception of the Brown Model (1993), which presented an inconclusive result, the other models showed that the condition of the municipality's public finances showed a setback in the 2020 year in relation to the year 2016. Thus, it is concluded that the behavior of the indicators of the Municipality of Alegrete/RS in 2020 (pandemic year) compared to 2016 (non-pandemic year), showed deterioration of the variables that contribute to the assessment of the living conditions and well-being of the population. As for the budget control indicators, in the respective years (2016 and 2020), they presented a proper financial programming of the budget, demonstrating a situation of budgetary balance in the two years. Financial control indicators show improvement in 2020 due to the increase in revenue that generated a surplus financial flow. And finally, the assessment of the financial health conditions of the municipality, through the Assessment Models of CICA (1997), Chaney et al (2002) and Wang et al (2007), showed fragility in the 2020 fiscal year in relation to the exercise of 2016, mainly due to the increase in its long-term obligations.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

This research aims to present a discussion on the teaching of Mathematics in the teacher education program of Instituto Estadual de Educação Olavo Bilac (IEEO). Through a qualitative approach, this dissertation is structured in multipaper format, composed of three manuscripts, with the following specific objectives: To present a chronology of facts regarding structural and human aspects of IEEOB in Santa Maria in the period from 1901 to 2021; To systematize school subjects and teachers of Mathematics in the Regular Course of IEEOB from 1901 to 2021; To analyze the relationship concerning professional and general education in the Regular Course of IEEOB from 1985 to 2020 based on mathematics and didactics disciplines; Results show that IEEOB can be considered an institution requested by students, considering that the search for vacancies has been notorious since 1901, reaching 3011 enrollments in 1979. Within its building complex, a building dating from 1938 was included among the tallest buildings in Santa Maria at the time. The institute is recognized by politicians, writers, and the community in general as an important educational center. The study systematized the names of teachers and their school subjects which are related to mathematics between 1901 and 2020. Among the teachers, Margarida Lopes was the first teacher of the teacher education program at IEEOB, Edenel José Arruda taught mathematics for 22 years and Beatriz Bohrer taught Didactics of mathematics for 15 years. The Regular Course curriculum in IEEOB from 1985 to 2020 is divided in two parts: general education composed of subjects such as Mathematics, and professional education, composed of subjects such as Didactics of Mathematics. Thus, between 1985 and 2020, Mathematics is characterized by the way it approaches mathematical concepts exploring contexts of everyday life and it aims to meet the demands of contents from the third stage of Basic Education. However, it keeps the specificities of the Regular Course. Didactics of Mathematics is recognized for working with manipulable materials, in addition to teaching content developed in Early Childhood Education and Elementary School-early grades. Furthermore, the structure of the Regular Course proposed but the school between 1985 and 2020 suggests different roles for Mathematics and Didactics of Mathematics. The teachers try to rupture with such model by planning an interdisciplinary work; however, they face struggles between these subjects.

Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial disease of an inflammatory nature, caused by a dysbiosis between the oral myrcobioma and the individual host response, clinically characterized by the destruction of dental support tissues. For its treatment, the academy recommends that first an initial approach of supragingival adjustment is carried out, which mainly aims at initial behavioral changes and, if necessary, the control of risk factors. Next, the second approach (related to the cause) is recommended, with professionally performed scaling and subgingival root planing. However, both stages can be delivered simultaneously by the professional, who will manage the patient's behavioral changes during the therapy process. To our knowledge, there is no systematic review that has evaluated randomized clinical trials comparing these two approaches. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to answer the following PICOS questions. Focused Question (QF) 1: Does non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) when performed in different stages (1st stage: supragingival approach; second stage: subgingival approach) produce better resultsthan both stages performed simultaneously? QF2: What isthe effect of the supragingival step performed alone (supragingival step only) compared to full NSPT on clinical indicators and patient-centered outcomes? Medline electronic databases / PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs and gray literature sources) were searched by randomized clinical trials until May 08, 2022, without language or date restrictions. After screening and eligibility steps, two studies were included for QF1 totaling 77 participants and for QF2 four studies were included, totaling 362 participants. Direct evidence metaanalyses were performed with random effects models. FQ1: No significant difference was found between performing NSPT in different steps or both steps simultaneously, regardless of the clinical indicator evaluated (mean probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), mean proportion (%) of sites with bleeding to probing (BOP) or sites with PS ≥ 5 mm. FQ2: NSPT complete was significantly better compared to the supragingival step performed alone in relation to the improvement of mean PD and CAL indicators, proportion (%) from BOP and from sites with PS 4-6 mm PD > 6mm. There are no patient-centered outcomes comparing both approaches. These findings indicate that both stages (supra and subgingival) are necessary for the treatment of patients with periodontitis and that, so far, there is not enough evidence to indicate the superiority of one or another approach in NSPT. However, given the limited number of primary studies performed and low certainty of evidence, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn until further primary studies are conducted.

In this work the experimental conditions of the ASTM D4807 standard which could influence the amount of solids retained on the surface of the nylon membrane were evaluated. Modifications to the ASTM D4807 standard, such as the vacuum level (-40 to 80 KPa), temperature (70, 80 and 90 °C), application of magnetic stirring and solubilization with different mixtures of solvents used during the filtration procedure were tested. Mixture of solvents with toluene, ethanol, isopropanol, xylene, 1-propanol, 1-butanol and 2-butanol were evaluated for the crude oil analysis using the ASTM D4807. Scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) with a secondary electron detector (SE) and compositional analysis using an energy dispersive X-ray detector were used to evaluate the morphology of saline species crystals. Furthermore, the solubilization of the solids retained in the nylon membrane in water was performed for the determination of Ca and Na by ICP OES and Cl- and SO4 2- by ion chromatography. Membranes with porosities of 0.22 and 0.11 μm were evaluated for all solvent mixtures. Sample A presented the highest sediment content (1.33%) and high water content (5.55%) and was used for all assessments of the ASTM D4807. From the changes in the ASTM D4807 standard, it was possible to observe that there was no influence of temperature, agitation and vacuum level on the amount of solids retained on the membrane. The use of mixtures containing the alcohols produced a significant influence on the amount and shape of solids retained on the membrane surface compared to ASTM D4807 using toluene. All alcohols evaluated promoted a significant reduction in the amount of solids retained on the membrane surface. The greatest reduction in the amount of solids retained in the 0.45 μm nylon membrane was observed for the ethanol+toluene mixture (30%+70%). The alcohols also modified the morphology and size of the crystals retained on the membrane surface, with the predominance of cubes formed by Na, Cl and Ca. The use of membranes of 0.22 and 0.11 μm showed that some solvent mixtures promoted the crystallization of solids with a size smaller than 0.45 μm that were not retained on the membrane surface recommended by ASTM D4807. The elemental analysis of the solids retained on the surface of the membranes showed a selective solubilization of some salts, with emphasis on a greater solubilization of Ca salts in relation to salts containing Na.

The present research aims to show how the social control practiced by The Health City Council in Aceguá Town occurred considering the period between 2018 and 2019. The adopted methodology was an exploratory field research, with qualitative approach, including the insertion of the researcher in activities from the Health Town Council, which both simplified the approximation with social figures that compose this environment, and enabled the understanding of the power correlating process and the conception of this policy in the town. In addition, desk research was made between 2018 and 2019 in order to verify if the alterations in public policies associated to the Health Public Services and Actions had been considered by the council. Lastly, the Citizens Population Information Service was used as a digital tool to access information that was neither published or available in the session nor present on web pages related to transparency. This allowed the verification of the council institutionalization, the mapping of analyzed subject matters in their meetings and the evidence of effectiveness of social control developed by the Development Council of Health Public Services and Actions. Research results suggest problems in the structural order, such as Council outdating data along the official IT department websites of the Health Public Services and the Health National Council, lack of information on the town webpage regarding the formation of the collegiate, venues, meetings and promoted actions timetables, that aims to attend legal demands, especially the accountability of resources previously used and low participation of the users` department in the Public Health System in the formation process of health public policies. Thereby, legitimating the expenditures of public resources and health management with strict social participation. In conclusion, the social control of public health policies, developed by the Health Town Council of Aceguá – RS fulfills required legal precepts to the maintenance of its financial and politic autonomy of the Public Health Service in the town, refraining the supervision and propositions of improvement that represented entities and society search for along the council.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq