Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The need for a technological solution for the treatment of swine effluents containing veterinary drugs is related to the highlight of the activity in Rio Grande do Sul, with approximately 7 million head. These effluents contribute significantly to the generation of environmental impacts to the environment. The use of veterinary drugs, especially antibiotics, often in an indiscriminate and uncontrolled way, at risk the environmental balance of the producer sites, since the animal does not completely absorb these drugs, and a fraction is excreted through feces and urine, initially accumulating in the effluent. However, the general objective of this doctoral thesis was to evaluate a composting system as a proposal for treatment of swine effluent contaminated with antibiotic residues. The work was divided in 3 parts, the first one is on the Article 1, which consists of the State of the Art review on the subject, as well as already developed alternatives for the measurement and identification of these antibiotics by means of liquid chromatography. In article 2, the decay and degradation behavior of 19 veterinary drugs during the 150 days of treatment is shown. The methodology used for composting was pilot scale with the use of eucalyptus shavings, swine effluent, which was contaminated with 19 compounds used in pig production. With this, the composting process was started (150 days). From this system parameters such as pH, temperature, humidity (were measured daily), and aliquots for microbiological evaluation (bacteria and fungi) and evaluation of drug decay were withdrawn at pre-established times. The results showed that composting had a satisfactory rate of degradation of over 90% of the studied antibiotics, proving the feasibility of composting as a treatment technique for antibiotic residues. The main objective of this paper was to identify the main microorganisms (Bacteria and Fungi) found during composting. For this, samples were collected and analyzed through the new generation sequencing technique, aiming the identification of DNA in the regions of 16S RNAr for Bacteria and ITS1 and ITS2 for Fungi. A profile was obtained, besides observing all the bacterial and fungal diversity that can be related to composting. In this diversity of microorganisms, more than 7 bacteria Phylums and 2 of Fungi were obtained, in addition to identifying more than 70 genera of bacteria and 16 fungi at different treatment times. The aim is to understand the effect and dynamism of microorganisms communities to improve composting processes, as well as to evaluate the mechanism / performance of each species in the degradation of contaminants. At the end, it was observed that composting has the potential to treat swine effluents contaminated with veterinary drugs, due to the diversity of microorganisms that are present in the process that allowed the degradation of the drugs, avoiding the direct release in environmental matrices (soil and water) reducing the environmental impacts in the producing regions, contributing to the more sustainable swine production.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This research sought to statistically analyze whether it is mechanically feasible to replace the use of grout with the same mortar to fill the septa of concrete blocks in tests of prisms subjected to simple axial compression. Two types of prisms were tested, with concrete blocks and one-resistance grout and three-resistance mortar, totaling 108 prisms, this replacement is necessary to avoid bottlenecks during the masonry construction stage, as grout is often produced on site. generating setbacks, thus, it will be possible to add more agility to the work without structurally harming the building. In conclusion, through the analysis of results, it was found that according to the statistical analysis of Student's t, there is no significant difference between the compressive strengths of the prisms that used the 8 MPa settlement and filling mortar and the prisms that used the 10 MPa grout and the 6 MPa laying mortar, in the other prism series there was a significant difference. In addition, regarding the failure mode, it was observed that for prisms mortared with mortar from 6 MPa, there is a similarity with the failure form of grouted prisms.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The present study aimed to propose improvements that prove to be viable for the implementation and execution of public-private partnerships in Rio Grande do Sul. These arrangements are a coalition between the public and private sectors that reconcile private competencies and investments with the purposes of public administration and represent an alternative to increase the efficiency of the public sector, improving the available services, without increasing government losses. However, they are complex alliances that must add benefits that justify the participation of private initiative in meeting the demands of society, and for these reasons they became units of analysis for this research. The sample was based on the ten (10) largest partnerships in Brazil, seven (7) of which participated in the research, including one (1) from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. To carry out the study, a qualitative research was chosen, operationalized through the application of semi-structured interviews, in which the agents were asked to speak about sixteen (16) critical success factors of the partnerships: I - Political nuances (interest, commitment and political risk) and good governance; II - Institutional apparatus; III - Compliance with the recommendations of the control bodies; IV - Appropriate regulatory framework; V - Notice and contract well prepared; VI - Competitive bidding process; VII - Quality of projects and prior analysis of their costs and benefits; VIII - Existence of an enterprising culture with PPP; IX - Commitment among partners; X - Offering of guarantees to the public consideration; XI - Offering of guarantees to the public consideration; XII - Adequate risk allocation; XIII - Favorable economic environment; XIV - Budgetary restrictions; XV - Environmental restrictions; and, XVI - Adequate communication with stakeholders. Complementing the semi-structured interview, available public documents were consulted and analyzed. The main results indicate that, in the perception of the participants, the experience of the stakeholders of Rio Grande do Sul in the management of the publicprivate partnership process of CORSAN was proficient, and only one of the critical success factors was negatively evaluated. The symmetry between the results of the interviews shows that there is balance between the answers and convergence of ideas in most of the factors, especially the positive ones. However, there are critical success factors that can be reviewed and improved. The most pronounced divergence observed is related to factor VIII (existence of an entrepreneurial culture in public-private partnerships), in which the perception of one stakeholder diverges from the others, which are supported by the literature consigned in the theoretical framework. Finally, fulfilling the objective of the work, suggestions were presented to improve the implementation and execution of public-private partnerships and, also, it was realized that it is necessary to expand the studies on these arrangements, because they are recent in the state, which requires further research and analysis, especially with regard to the opinion of citizens about possible losses caused to the population and the environment and the socioeconomic impacts arising from the implementation of these partnerships, considering the peculiarities of Rio Grande do Sul.

This study is linked to the Professional Master in Public Policies and Educational Management, Research Line Pedagogical Management and Educational Contexts, in the theme: Education, health, accessibility and inclusion. Brings Food and Nutrition Education at School. This study aimed to discuss the influence of Food Nutrition Education in the school on the anthropometric parameters of the students. Qualitative and quantitative research was carried out by means of anthropometric data analysis of pre - primary education students from a private school located in the municipality of Santa Maria - RS. Data from the measurements made between the years 2012 and 2017, at the beginning and end of the school year, were analyzed, of 310 students, with a total of 929 measurements. It was found the prevalence of 47% of students with overweight being 18% obesity, this prevalence was higher among boys. In the comparison between the groups, the highest prevalence of obesity was in Pre I, being 52% overweight, and also the group with the greatest improvement in the Body Mass Index - IMC classifications throughout the school year. The paired t test was found to be p <0.02, showing a significant difference in the BMI classifications at the beginning and end of the school year. Overweight in childhood increases the risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases in childhood diabetes and cardiovascular disease; it also affects their self-esteem and school performance. Food and Nutrition Education (EAN) is held at school as an incentive to healthy eating, regular exercise, and promote health. In conclusion, school managers, teachers and the entire school community need to be aware of their influence on the students and with the support of the family and responsible to encourage the EAN promoting change of habits, lifestyle changes improving the quality of life in childhood and that will reflect in adult life. As a result of this study, a self-explanatory guiding document was developed as a product of this study to be used by the teacher as a didactic device for the orientation of the pedagogical activities in the school space and to assist those responsible in the feeding at home.

This doctoral thesis is part of the LP2 research line, entitled: Public educational policies, educational practices and their interfaces, of the Graduate Program in Education, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). Its theme is the action process of the National Curricular Common Base for Early Childhood Education, in view of the discursive practices of teachers from a municipal public school in Santa Maria-RS. It presents as a research problem: How are discursive practices produced in the ambiences and experiences of an Early Childhood Education school, considering the common national curriculum base. As a general objective of the research: To analyze the production of discursive practices in the environments and experiences of an Early Childhood Education school, considering the common national curriculum base. The proposed methodology is characterized by a qualitative study, based on Formative Ambiences that are characterized as a space for dialogue/listening to teaching experiences in order to reflect and (trans)form the pedagogical action from emerging demands. For the analysis of the discursive practices of the teachers, an analysis of the French Discourse Pecheux (1995) and Orlandi (2016) will be used. The theoretical basis is based on studies by Ball (2016) with the concept of public policy action, Malaguzzi (1999, 2005), Rinaldi (2016) and Barbosa (2009) with the concept of childhood school, Trois (2015) , with the concept of childhood curriculum and Avinio (2019) with the concept of ambience. Finally, we defend the thesis that the discursive practices of the BNCC and the research subjects produce effects of senses of performativity of the EI curriculum, from the perspective of the interfaces of ambiences and experiences.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The present research has as its central theme the world of work in physical education, from an epistemological approach. We raise as a research problem the following question: how are the metamorphoses promoted by postmodern ideas and the implications for the area of physical education presented in the world of work? Essentially, we intend to: analyze how postmodern ideas are presented in the world of work and the implications for the field of physical education work; to verify the consequences of the changes in the world of work in the elaboration of new educational policies in the area; Analyze the consequences of changes in the world of work in the context of formal and/or self-employed in the field of Physical Education; to investigate how the scientific knowledge of the area is treated/recognized in the contemporary context. We assume as a hypothesis: the phenomenon of uberization as the category that expresses the ideals of postmodernity, which has been promoting intense changes in the world of work, and, therefore, in the specificity of physical education, as well as in its specific training and in the scientific knowledge required in the current context of contemporary society. As a research method, we resort to historical materialism – dialectical, thus configuring the study, in a research with a critical-dialectical approach. Our investigative process is characterized by being theoretically based from the classical literature of the central theme of the study, elaborating mediations and syntheses with the specificity of physical education. We used as methodological categories: totality, contradiction and mediation, and as content categories: world of work; uberization; postmodernity; PE; initial training educational policies. As a result of this research, we found that the job market in Physical Education has moved in a similar way with the propositions inherent to the Toyotist model (when referring to the rationality/form of contemporary work), as well as the implications arising from the realization of Industry 4.0 (when it relates to the instruments/work system). In this way, it is possible to verify the practice in the specific market, situations that aim to accentuate working conditions (polyvalence, increased workload, etc.), at the same time that it promotes the weakening of work relationships (outsourcing, contracts temporary jobs, pejotization, among other ways), associating, still, the reality of digital platforms/applications that intensify, for example, the intermittent/uberized work in a context of structural crisis of the capitalist production system. The final consideration turns to realize that in the current socio-historical moment the Physical Education job market assumes the character of employing the neoliberal postmodern perspective that, unfolds in individualized and fragmented visions of reality, implying to the work contemporary the realization of an entrepreneurial vision, expressed by the fetishized perception of the “boss of himself”, widely used by the digital/computational labor scenario that makes massive use of these technologies, capillarizing the “phenomenon of uberization”, where labor has assumed, its relationship and dependence on technology.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES