Repositório RCAAP

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Introduction: Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in newborns (NB) is caused by alveolar surfactant deficiency, which makes gas exchange in the lungs difficult, leading to respiratory distress (RD). The stable microbubble test (TME) is a diagnostic method of the disease, which quantifies the activity and presence of surfactant in the lung, helping the early administration of the surfactant. Objective: To analyze the importance of TME in the early diagnosis of RDS in newborns with gestational age between 32 and 37 weeks with respiratory distress. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, prospective study. It consisted of newborns with gestational age between 32 and 37 weeks, with and without SDR. The collection took place at the University Hospital of Santa Maria - HUSM, Between March 2018 and February 2020 Results: The groups of patients with and without respiratory distress were compared in relation to the number of stable microbubbles. Among the NB with RD, 6 (50%) had between 15 and 50 mbe/mm² and 6 (50%) > 50 mbe/mm². In patients without RD, 2 (18%) newborns had between 15 and 50 mbe/mm², while 9 (82%) had > 50 mbe/mm², with no significant difference. Mothers of newborns with RD received prepartum corticotherapy, a protective factor for the development of SDRRN, not requiring the use of exogenous surfactant. Conclusion: using TME to aid in the diagnosis of SDRRN was a good method, as no NB required exogenous surfactant, and there were no NB with < 15 mbe/mm² in this small group of patients. Certainly, an amount greater than 15 mbe/mm² in NBs with respiratory distress indicates non-moderate or severe RDS, which does not require exogenous surfactant.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Severe asthma is a complex syndrome and an important global health problem that requires an integrated therapeutic approach. With this in mind, the aim of the present study was to clinically and functionally evaluate adult patients with severe uncontrolled allergic asthma, treated at the pulmonology service of the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM), of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), by using omalizumab. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study, with data obtained through the analysis of medical records. The sample was obtained from the HUSM/UFSM pulmonology service database. Patients using omalizumab, a humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, indicated in patients with severe uncontrolled allergic asthma, were included in the study, after a systematic review of treatment adherence, correct medication inhalation technique, environmental control and treatment of comorbidities. Clinical, functional, and laboratory data from 13 patients were evaluated at 16, 32, and 54 weeks after starting medication. Such data were correlated with asthma control outcomes, measured by the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and by pulmonary function, analyzing forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), measured by spirometry and the number of exacerbations. The average age was 50.6 years (ranging from 31 to 64 years), 12 individuals were female, 1 male, there were no active smokers, and seven were obese. In eight of the subjects, symptoms had already started. ACT averaged 9.4 points at the initial or baseline assessment, increasing to 17 points after 54 weeks, and FEV1 averaged 1.50 liters at initial or baseline assessment and 1.90 liters after 54 weeks. In both cases data showed a significant variation, both from a statistical point of view (p = 0.04 for ACT and p = 0.02 for FEV1) and from a clinical point of view (increase of more than three points in ACT and more than 100 ml on FEV1). It was not possible to assess the number of exacerbations. The study is in agreement with previous findings in the literature regarding the results of the use of omalizumab in patients with severe uncontrolled allergic asthma.

Medicinal plants are used both in chemoprevention and in the treatment of a disease after it has already been installed. In general, despite the wide use, knowledge about the phytochemical composition, biological activities, toxicity and mechanisms of action are still poorly explored. In this context, Richardia brasiliensis Gomes (Rubiaceae), it is known as “poaia-branca”, found in practically all continents, appearing in Brazil mainly in regions where there are agricultural activities. It is popularly used in the treatment of diabetes, hemorrhoids, eczema, burns, among others. Despite this, few data regarding its phytochemical constitution and its pharmacological action were found. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify bioactive compounds present in the extracts, through different chromatographic methods; to determine the antioxidant capacity in vitro, using the DPPH, antihemolysis and ORAC assays; to evaluate oxidative parameters such as TBARS, ROS and NO; genotoxic and cytotoxic such as cell viability by the MTT method, double-stranded DNA quantification by the PicoGreen® assay and single-stranded by the Comet DNA method in leukocyte and PBMCs. Besides to analyze the antiproliferative capacity in different tumoral (A375, MCF-7, HeLa, HT-29 and U87) and no-tumor (3T3) cell lines, and to perform acute and repeated dose toxicity analyses in an animal model, following OECD protocols. In the phytochemical screening, the following were identified: anthocyanin heterosides, gums, mucilages, tannins, amino groups, steroids and/or triterpenes, alkaloids, phenols, coumarins, organic acids and flavonoids. Through the different chromatographic methods used, fourteen polyphenols were identified, highlighting the presence of rutin and chlorogenic acid. Alkaloids and terpenes were also secondary metabolism compounds highlighted in both aerial and root extracts. In the determination of metabolites, there was a difference in the different seasons, with the highest concentrations of total polyphenols occurring in spring extracts, flavonoids in autumn, but without differing from winter and spring, and tannins were found in high concentrations in summer. When the extracts were submitted to the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity, the responses were different in the methods used, showing a pronounced antioxidant effect in the anti-hemolysis and ORAC assays. Regarding the oxidative, genotoxic and cytotoxic parameters, there were some changes, especially at higher concentrations. In the evaluation of the antiproliferative capacity, the extract of R. brasiliensis was promising, reducing cell viability by about 95% in human melanoma cells (A375) and it was observed that the phytochemicals present in the extract were able to activate mechanisms that led the cells to apoptosis. In the acute oral toxicity test and in repeated doses, there was no mortality and the animals did not show signs of toxicity during the treatment period. The changes in hematological and biochemical parameters found are within the standards for the species. Thus, the results obtained showed the main substances of secondary plant metabolism responsible for the biological activities attributed to the species R. brasiliensis, demonstrating that the extracts are effective against tumor cell lines, with greater effectiveness against A375. However, under conditions in which the research was performed, the extracts showed some alterations that may be indicating a certain degree of in vitro toxicity in leukocyte cells and in PBMCs. Moreover, in vivo tests suggest that the species is safe for use by the population, however, more long-term toxicity studies are needed to confirm these data.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The content of ratio and proportion that is still taught in elementary school represents one of the contents with the greatest practical application in the daily lives of students, regardless of their profession or social level. In this context, the importance of the process of teaching and learning such contents is evident. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze how the content of reason and proportion is developed in elementary school textbooks, comparing the editions before and after the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC). The two collections analyzed were chosen because they have the largest number of copies purchased throughout Brazil, according to data from the National Education Development Fund. To carry out this qualitative analysis, seven criteria were developed that aim at the general study of the content and proposed activities. The main changes between the collections and the agreement of the last edition regarding the skills listed in the BNCC were also scored. It was concluded that in one of the collections, the edition previous to BNCC is compatible with what was expected according to the established criteria. In general, books prior to BNCC showed greater concern in addressing the content of ratios and proportions in the seventh year. The current books contained what we consider to be the minimum, to be in keeping with the BNCC's highlighted skill for content. Thus, an evolution of what will appear in the next editions is expected, given the longer time for the adequacy of the books, given the new document.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a new scenario on health services, increasing concern for the safety of professionals involved in caring for the population. Standard precautions are measures that include basic principles of infection control and represent an important protective measure in the care context. The literature points out as a gap in knowledge studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals and its relationship with the use of protective equipment and other protective maeasures. The general objective is to analyze adherence to standard precautions and SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals in university hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. A multicenter study, with a mixed methodological approach with a concomitante incorporated strategy, carried out in five university hospitais in the southern region of Brasil, with nursing professionals, doctors and managers. Four instruments were used for data collection: the Sociodemographic and Occupational Characterization Questionnaire, applied to all participants; the Instrument of variables related to standard precautions and the Questionnaire of variables related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which were applied to healthcare professionals; and for the qualitative stage, the Questionnaire on protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic was used, applied to care professionals and managers. The collection took place through na electronic form on the Google Forms platform. The sample was selected for convenience, reaching 559 participants. The analysis of quantitative data was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The association between the variables was performed using the tests: chi-square, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney. The Poisson regression model was also used to estimate prevalence raios, considering a significance level of 5% (p<0,05). Qualitative analysis was performed using Bardin’s contente analysis, supported by the MAXQDA software. The combination of the data was made by incorporating the qualitative results to quantitative ones, in order to produce complementary information. Of the study participants, 132 reported testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, representing 23,6% of the sample. Nursing professionals were the most affected. Adherence to standard precautions was observed with a median of 4.69 [4,38; 4,85]. The most adherent professionals had children (p=0.014); worked in áreas dealing with COVID-19 (p<0.001); received training in biosafety (p=0.018); and performed social distancing (p<0.001). There was no association between adherence and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The group of health professionals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 performed the “RT-PCR” test (p<0.001); worked in services that had care for COVID-19 patients (p=0.028); provided direct care to suspected or confirmed patients with COVID-19 (p=0.010); had symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 (p<0.001); Always performed social distancing recommended by the World Health Organization in other activities of their private life (p<0.001). Qualitative data resulted in three categories: “Difficulties faced to protect health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic”; “Repercussions of the pandemic on adherence to standard precautions” and “Individual and institutional strategies to protect health professionals during the COVID19 pandemic”. The impacto f the COVID-19 pandemic and the high transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, both in the community and in the hospital environment, indicates that high adherence to SP is not a suficiente isolated measure to prevent infection among health professional. In this sense, this thesis demonstrates that the protection of health professional during the pandemic was determined by diferente factors, which encompass both individual and organizational and public policy issues. The individual and institutional strategies created during this period can support the constuction of future interventions.

This research hás as objective demonstrate the potential of social networks in the dissemination and remembrance of the history of the city of Rio Grande (RS), from the photographic collections in the group Old Facts and Things from theRio Grande, with the theme chosen for the analysis the Rheingantz Factory, heritage industrial of the city. It is presented the group, host on the social network of Facebook, object of this research, as well as bring the theoretical foundation that supports the research theme. The specific objectives include the survey of the photographs that comprise the temporality from 2017 to 2020 that address the theme of the Factory in the group’s publications, analyze a social collaboration of the group in the dissemination of the history of Rheingantz, check the clippings of reports in the posts and ascertain the importance of dissemination this heritage to the new generations and, finally, producing a selected catalogo f the selected photographs as a product for disseminating Riograndine documentary heritage.

Visiting tourist places arouses different emotions in travellers, in addition to experience, knowledge and cultural exchanges it provides. In Brazil, this practice is even more favourable due to the ethnic diversity that is found here. The legacy left by these generations, represented through cultural heritage, presents a unique, historical profile conveyed through different languages, accents, ethnicities, beliefs, customs, among other cultural and artistic manifestations. The tourist visitation with the purpose of experiencing these practices is called Cultural Tourism. This segment that encompasses other types of tourism, including ethnic tourism, is one of the main themes of this study, analysed in the context of the municipality of Santa Maria, which is located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. Designated as a “cultural city”, “university city”, carrying historical roots linked to the railroad and the military, Santa Maria develops different types of tourist itineraries, except for the local Black Culture. For this reason, the present study aims to demystify a one-sided view of the history of Santa Maria and highlight the importance that Black members had in the formation of the city, since it has an expressive and thriving Afro community. The general objective is to understand, based on the identification of cultural heritages that are related to Black Culture, their participation in the development of the city and their historical aspects. The investigation has four categories as its central axis: cultural, social, sporting and religious. Regarding the specific objectives, we aimed to highlight another side of the history of Santa Maria, proposing discussions on topics such as Black Culture, memory, history and Santa Maria tourism, as well as developing a new tourist itinerary. The methodology is classified as exploratory, having a qualitative and historical character, consisting of bibliographic and documentary research and semistructured interviews. Among several authors used in the literature review, classics such as Bahl (2004 and 2005), Guillaume (1980), Hall (2006 and 2003), Halbwachs (1990), Ortiz (1985) and Choay (2006), regional publications by Belém (2000), Flôres (2007), Grigio (2016), Rechia (1999), and traditional bibliographies by Gil (2002), IPHAN (2020) and Unesco (2020). As our final product, two tourist itinerary proposals were developed based on the material and immaterial cultural heritage identified. Finally, the research confirmed the existence of several Black organizations and two football clubs mainly in the 19th and 20th century. Many of them no longer exist and few still resist time and human actions. Nevertheless, the immaterial assets are what remain alive.

The Taim wetland (TW), located in southern Brazil, is an important wetland, considered a Federal Conservation Unit, which is home to animal and plant species and plays a key role in the survival and livelihood of residents in the region. Its suffers conflicts about the exploitation of existing resources and habitat preservation, largely due to the withdrawal of water for rice irrigation, the main economic activity in the region, which affects the water levels in the TW. In this thesis, hydrological, ecological analyses and ecohydrological modeling were carried out as subsidies for the management of water resources in the TW, establishing criteria for monitoring area. In the hydrological stage, a hydrological model was developed for simulations of water levels in the TW and indicators of hydrological alteration for wetlands (IHA-W) were determined inspired by the indicators of hydrological alteration developed by Richter et al. (1996). The IHAWs were divided into three groups: the basic characteristics of water levels, variability of water levels and extreme water levels. In addition, water levels were divided into 5 regimes: extremely low (EL), low (L), normal (N), high (H), and extremely high (EH). The IHA-Ws for the reference water levels in the TW were defined and simulation scenarios were established, considering changes in irrigation (no irrigation-Si and pregerminated irrigation method-Pg), substitution of rice planting for soybean (Sj scenario), and medium-term (Pc-m) and long-term (Pc-l) climate change scenarios. The Si and Sj scenarios caused changes in the hydroperiod, increased variability in water levels and reduced the permanence of the EL and L regimes. The Pg scenario maintained the TW reference hydroperiod behavior. The Pc-m and Pc-l scenarios simulated increased precipitation and air temperature, increasing variability of water levels and the permanence of the EH regime. Therefore, the TW hydroperiod behavior is associated with irrigation, so that when the months of irrigation occurrence are changed or in the absence of irrigation, the hydroperiod is affected. In the ecological stage, Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) developed in previous studies were validated for the species Z.bonariensis, S.californicus, S.giganteus, P.chihi, M.americana, C.melancoryphus, H.hydrochaeris, C.latirostris and T.dorbigni. In the ecohydrological stage, the HEC-EFM and HEC-RAS models were applied, evaluating the occurrences of water levels above or below the limits established by the HSIs. From the results, it was suggested the maintenance of water levels between 1.75m to 3.10m in the TW and the monitoring of P.chihi and S.californicus, because they are sensitive species to variations in water levels, in addition to the monitoring of the IHA-Ws, because, if the water levels suffer alterations, even if low, they may indicate possible extinction of species in the TW and should be considered for the habitat management.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES