Repositório RCAAP

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This study analyzes the existent correlations between the situation of national politics and the jurisprudence of Supreme Court that traverses on the political amnesty. It is debated the militarism and the characteristics of the national politics while elements that shape the interpretation made by the Supreme Court regarding political amnesties. The methodology used was documental-bibliographic investigation, with qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research regarding the objectives. The conclusion is that political factor interferes in the interpretation of political amnesties and that such intervention results from the institutional approximation built between military and the members of the Judicial Power.

It is argued that to believe is to believe true. That is, when one believes a proposition  one thereby believes the proposition to be true. This is a point about what it is to believe  rather than about the aim of belief or the standard of correctness for belief. The point that  to believe is to believe true appears to be an analytic truth about the concept of belief. It  also appears to be essential to the state of belief that to believe is to believe true. This is  not just a contingent fact about our ordinary psychology, since even a non-ordinary believer  must believe a proposition that they believe to be true. Nor is the idea that one may accept a  theory as empirically adequate rather than as true a counter-example, since such acceptance  combines belief in the truth of the observational claims of a theory with suspension of belief  with respect to the non-observational claims of a theory. Nor is the fact that to believe is to  believe true to be explained in terms of an inference governed by the T-scheme from the belief  that P to the belief that P is true, since there is no inference from the former to the latter. To believe that P just is to believe that P is true.

Editorial

Over time, the issue of human rights has replaced the revolutionary utopia that founded modern society. After 1848, the issue of human rights has legitimized practices of violation of individual rights and, currently, it is possible to recognize its connection with the liberal legacy and bourgeois individualism, based on the protection of the individual’s rights isolated from their class. On the other hand, human rights have ensured minimum levels of – civil, political, social, cultural – achievement for specific groups. Within the debate on human rights, there are those who criticize its limits and present its conditions and those who defend a narrative against hegemonic human rights. This article seeks to explain and contribute to providing new elements to this debate through a literature review. Authors such as Azevedo (2001), Bertoldo and Jimenez (2015), Santos (2014), Tonet (2016), Dewey (1976), Bobbio (2001), and Trindade ([1998?]) are examined, in their discussion about the role of the state and education in the social context of an attempt to consolidate human rights in the 21st century.

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This article aims to analyze the political conflict in Brazil between 2003 and 2014, from the perspective of distributive class conflict. A pattern in the class conflict between the years 2003 and 2012 is identified, based on the literature sorting about the governments of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and the beginning of the Dilma Rousseff’s administration, pointing out some conclusions about the period. It is considered that in 2012, the federal government opened a confrontation with financial capital and sought support in the industrial sectors of the bourgeoisie, without success. It is pointed out that the year of 2013 marked an inflection in the political conjuncture. Signs of a departure from sectors of the bourgeoisie are seen during the 2014 electoral process. The conclusion is that the Dilma Rousseff’s government were reelected under fissure at its legitimacy.

This paper’s main objective is to measure the drag-force coefficient for low-velocity movements of pressurized-air-water soda-bottle rockets. This is performed via two types of flights, namely vertical fall and inclined launch. The determined values are k = (0.05 ± 0.02)s-1 for the vertical fall and k = (0.03 ± 0.02)s-1 for the inclined motion.

The aim of this work is to present Vergnaud s Theory of Conceptual Fields (1990) as a tool for the design and analysis of Science teaching sequences. The classroom study was conducted in a Brazilian High School working with Thermal Physics. It was part of a Master Degree Thesis presented by one of the authors (CARVALHO JR., 2005), in which we followed up the learning pathways of 7 students. The results of this study were analyzed using the Theory of Conceptual Fields. We shall emphasize the main concepts and categories of Vergnaud s Theory and the appropriation we have done about them in this particular research.

In this article I intend to study the dynamics of the Brazilian party system based on the “"freezing”" hypothesis of the party system of Lipset and Rokkan (1967). When we group the parties into families we see that between the 1990s and the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the Brazilian party system seems as “"frozen”" as the European system. After 2010, as in Europe, small right-wing parties gain strength, but the support of the large “"left”" and “"right” families remains relatively constant. I also find some stability when grouping the parties according to their genealogy. This dynamic is similar to that of European party systems. The contribution of the article is to be the first to explicitly test the application of the Lipset and Rokkan’s hypothesis of the freezing of the party system to the Brazilian case, as well as the first to suggest the construction of party families in a systematic way using the suggestions of Mair and Mudde (1998).

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Referees for numbers 1, 2 e 3, volume 35.

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When sunlight strikes an opaque object, the cast shadow gets smaller as its distance to the object increases. For distances much greater than the object dimensions the shadow is null. In spite of this effect being well-known in the astronomical context, related to Solar and Lunar eclipses, it surprises our intuition when it produces deformed images of familiar objects. In this article, we give an explanation for this subtle effect based on Geometric Optical. We also deal with the question of shadows in Solar and Lunar eclipses.

In the initial university cycle, and forming part of the Mechanics contents, the study of the transverse mechanical waves is addressed by representing them mathematically through a harmonic function of two variables. This function involves characteristic parameters whose nature is not easily understood by students. We present a study about the learning achieved by students from different scientific-technological careers, regarding the meanings of amplitude, frequency, the speed of propagation, wavelength and initial phase in this equation. Besides, we inquired about the treatment given to these parameters in Physics books which are frequently used in the initial cycle, observing if their physical origins are adequately explained. The study shows that students present difficulties in understanding the wave behavior from a phenomenological point of view, as well as in interpreting the physical meaning of the phase constant. Furthermore, we observed that not all the authors of the analyzed Mechanics books refer explicitly to them and with the necessary appropriate details. Recommendations about the design of didactic strategies that favour the understanding of the wave phenomenon and its propagation by students are given to teachers and professors.

Odette Proust ouvre la deuxième saison de la vidéosérie Poètes avec un hommage au regretté poète numérique brésilein Wilton Azevedo disparu en 2017.

This paper presents the elaboration of a pedagogical proposal of education about the electromagnetic radiations, including some Classical Physics concepts. The proposal is based on cultural social-historical Vygotsky s Theory, and to facilitate the ideas interchange between researches participants, a pedagogical material was confectioned with three experimental activities and a map of concepts. The material production followed indications of a sounding about the subject pre-conceptions that High School learners developed, and finalizes showing the results of the presentations compared with the results of the initial sounding. The work intends to verify the functionality and capability of this material, when worked in a Vygotsky s perspective, to propitiate the topics teaching related to the Physics of the electromagnetic radiations in that level of education classrooms.

We propose an experimental simulation, using accessible and low cost materials, on the biophysical mechanism of the color vision in accordance with the Young-Helmholtz s Trichromatic Theory, approaching mainly the coding and decoding process of electric signs that arrive to the cerebral cortex. The stimulus that unchains this process is given through transformation of the quantized energy of a light photon that takes place in the photocells of the retina of the human eye. The construction of a simple system of collection and analysis of data, using a multimeter, filters, LDR and LEDs allows us to establish connections between the visual system and the simulation model.

This study sought to understand concepts of teaching-learning of didactic materials from the Institutional Scholarship biology subprojects of Introduction to Teaching, of the Federal University of Pernambuco. To this end, we undertook a documentary research, based on the selection and analysis of methodological proposals of didactic materials, designed to carry out teaching practices. We verified that the materials were based on prefixed procedural templates, that proposed to conduct the experience through confirmation or reproduction of scientific truths. Furthermore, the didactic materials revealed guidelines for knowledge reviews, in order to lead students to the rescue of questions from previous classes. These elements revealed the traditional concept of teaching-learning, corroborating the vision of the content and the disciplinary logic that are reflected in the curricular structure of the biology degree courses, where the understanding of science is based on the idea of objectivity, apart from the very subject that constitutes it.