Repositório RCAAP

This article aims to understand the exponential growth of the “Uberization” of labor in Brazil by analyzing the economic crisis and the austerity program that started in 2014. The emergence of the gig economy and the “Uberization” of labor is a global trend, and Brazil has experienced the exponential growth of these types of labor relations in recent years. Millions of Brazilian workers now rely exclusively on digital platforms for their income, without any labor protections. We argue that Marx’s Capital provides a rigorous starting point for understanding this process and its consequences for workers. However, it is only possible to understand the current rise of this process in light of Brazil’s economic crisis and the austerity program that responded to it. The attacks on labor by capital in response to the profitability crisis penalized the working class and prompted the rapid growth of the “Uberization” of labor in Brazil, providing an alternative form of capital accumulation. Keywords: Gig Economy; Austerity; Uberization of labor.

This article proposes to evaluate the national scientific production about transparency in public management, having as a starting point the publication of the LRF, covering 19 years (2000-2018) of academic production. 63 studies were reviewed, found in the Capes and Scielo databases, to address two questions: What forms of public management transparency identified in the literature? What results has the literature attributed to the transparency of public management? It is concluded that national studies on the subject of public transparency have emerged especially since the publication of the LAI and focus on empirical research with emphasis on the municipal level. Regarding the forms and results of transparency, the studies concentrate their efforts on addressing the administrative, budgetary, accountability and performance aspects, leaving aside the study of political aspects, managerial decision making, participation and, societal satisfaction.

This article compares some aspects of the 2017 Labor Reform with the concept of decent work. It starts from the statement made by the federal government and disseminated by the media and economic elites regarding the relevance of the reform for the integration of Brazil into the reproductive dynamics of capital in the 21st century. Through documentary research, articles 223-G; 611-A; 611-B; 582 and 507-B of Law no. 13,467/2017 are analyzed, as well as the unrestricted outsourcing contained in Law no. 13,429/2017, juxtaposing these devices with the concept of dignified work. The results point to the incompatibility of the rules with this concept. In conclusion, it is evident that the deregulation and flexibilisation within the analyzed articles form a process of the dismantling the labor rights established by the neoliberal model, implying new morphologies in labor precariousness.

The competitive scenario requires from organizations a differential to stand out before competitors and, in this context, project management can be seen as one of the success factors. In order to manage the projects of a company, structuring and organization of a team is necessary, responsible for enabling planning, execution and control of projects, integrating several areas and their stakeholders. Thus, this article aims to restructure the project management sector in a clothing industry. From a study of project sector current situation in industry in question, an organizational structure was proposed for project office, with elaboration of a new organization chart. In addition, a methodology for project management was developed, as well as the partial application of it in a pilot. From results obtained, it is concluded that the work presents great importance in industry and also for academic community, through development of a hybrid methodology of project management.

A coletânea Serviço Social: Temas, Textos e Contextos traz à tona, debates e polêmicas, sobre experiências profissionais e reflexões acadêmicas presentes no espaço profissional do assistente social, com o intuito de contribuir para com a pesquisa, o ensino e um exercício profissional qualificado, competente e compromissado com o projeto ético-político profissional.

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a função do cooperativismo no MST como parte da estratégia de sua luta anti-capitalista. Para isso, em primeiro lugar, abordamos brevemente os limites ontológicos do cooperativismo, enquanto práxis de sentido emancipatório, quando mediada pela produção social global capitalista. A partir da análise dos processos de trabalho neste modo de produção, na esteira da teoria marxista, destacamos como uma característica ineliminável e constitutiva a subsunção do trabalho concreto ao trabalho abstrato. Tal fator torna impossível a plena autonomia dos trabalhadores sobre seu próprio trabalho e, portanto, sua emancipação. Considerando tais limites, reconhecidos pelo próprio MST, questionamos sua presença marcante no movimento, buscando contextualizar o cooperativismo na sua estratégia de luta. Para isso, em um segundo momento, descrevemos breve e historicamente o período em que o MST surge, as condições objetivas das quais parte e sobre as quais age, para articulá-las com sua estratégia de luta. A partir dessa historicização, argumentamos que a razão de ser do cooperativismo no MST é fundamentalmente pedagógica e política. Trata-se de manter nos assentamentos, como acontece nos acampamentos, os trabalhadores organizados e em luta mesmo após a conquista da propriedade da terra. A formação de assentamentos coletivos, com a constituição de cooperativas de trabalho, é um meio para conciliar a permanência no campo com os princípios político-ideológicos do MST, favorecendo a educação de quadros para as suas lutas permanentes.

Este artigo tem por finalidade discutir a problemática do desenvolvimento econômico diante da internacionalização do espaço regional. Para tanto, procura apresentar a visão de mundo atualmente hegemônica, aqui chamada de nova cosmologia, mostrando que esta se estrutura basicamente em uma dicotomia local-global colocando à margem do debate as escalas intermediárias, fundamentalmente o papel do Estado. Isto posto, o artigo procura recolocar a questão nacional enquanto elemento fundamental para superar o subdesenvolvimento, apresentando um contraponto analítico para com a nova cosmologia através da recuperação de alguns elementos do corpo teórico desenvolvido por Celso Furtado.

Currently, actions directed toward those who abuse alcohol and other drugs are applied from a moralising perspective. One that blames the individual and, as a solution, demands the control of the body from a religious standpoint, associating mental healthcare with self-control and faith. This article aims to relate increases in financial incentives for therapeutic communities to the recent history of the situation and questions the implications for the implementation of the National Policy on Mental Health, Alcohol and Drugs in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, from 2017 onwards.

This article analyzes social concepts and practices on social protection of children and adolescents. After three decades of the Brazilian children law, its operation finds resistance on several levels: cultural (overcoming derogatory views), institutional (redesign of institutions based on the perspective of protection), material (guarantee of resources expressed in own budgets, in trained professionals and in service units equipped for different activities), political (integrated protection network). In terms of social programs and policies, the contemporary scenario presents important challenges in terms of schooling, qualified professionalization of this segment, coverage of primary health care actions, exposure to urban violence. It is considered that, between the design of the law and the effective practices, there are many continuities and few breaks with the punitive model that results in abandonment and mistreatment by the State.

The queues are present in our daily lives, being one of the main factors that hinder the adequate service of the population, whether in private activities and, mainly in public services. Meeting the expectations and anxieties of users, in terms of public management, has not always received due attention. Within this context, schools have several processes and activities with recurring queues. Thus, the queuing problem negatively influences learning, even acting on the conduct of students. Considering these assumptions and, from the point of priority of solving activities with this potential, in this work, the process of forming queues to serve school lunches was analyzed. And from that, queue theory parameters in the school operating environment related to school meals were analyzed. The results suggest that the local conditions and the number of available servers were not sufficient to meet the demand and, therefore, at certain times employees had to travel to another point in this environment to conclude appointments, resulting in the expansion of the queue.

This article presents a sociohistorical analysis of mental health policies in Brazil, by means of examining two distinct movements: the links and development of Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and the expansion of a psychiatric practice strongly connected to the pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, it describes the evolution of these two movements, based on the framework of historical sociology. Secondly, it presents the analysis of data based on the Theory of Structuration by Anthony Giddens, which shows how the expansion of the use of psychotropics has developed within the structures and services created under Psychiatric Reform policies, in a process of coexistence. Brazilian Psychiatric Reform has not opposed the development of an epidemic of the use of psychiatric medication.

Este artigo apresenta uma análise qualitativa das experiências de desinstitucionalização no Brasil e na Espanha, de modo a construir retratos dos processos de reforma psiquiátrica, dentro de um contexto recente de crise que ameaça os princípios reformistas. Para a realização deste estudo, utilizou-se a revisão bibliográfica narrativa e a pesquisa documental. As análises indicaram que apesar das particularidades históricas e culturais e das diferenças nos arranjos organizacionais da atenção psicossocial que permeiam as experiências nestes países, ambos adotam a desinstitucionalização como principal característica de seus processos de reforma. Conclui-se que, na atual conjuntura, o projeto contemporâneo de reforma enfrenta três grandes desafios: desmontar a estrutura manicomial, fortalecer o modelo de atenção psicossocial e combater a lógica asilar.

O artigo apresenta mediações entre os Direitos Humanos e a Política Nacional de Saúde Mental. Emerge de uma pesquisa que problematiza as ações ocorridas no governo de Michel Temer e as primeiras iniciativas do governo Bolsonaro ao promover um recrudescimento na área da saúde através de medidas neoliberais ortodoxas, reverberando na desestruturação da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. O estudo realizou-se através de pesquisa documental com enfoque nas legislações pertinentes ao tema. Desse modo, as recentes mudanças resultam num retrocesso de 30 anos, quando predominava a barbárie no tratamento. Aquele governo e o atual traçaram estratégias neoconservadoras para violar os Direitos Humanos conquistados pela classe trabalhadora, a exemplo do retorno do uso dos hospitais psiquiátricos, representando um distanciamento de toda a luta antimanicomial.

This article developed an analytical scenario referring to the scientific research carried out in the last four years on the subject of sugarcane, with the objective of surveying in which areas the innovations on the subject have been carried out. Regarding the methodological approach, this research is exploratory, descriptive, deductive and a systematic review of the literature was made with bibliometric analysis using the technological resource vosviewer as an instrument to carry out the research. The SCOPUS database component of the Portal of Periodicals for the Coordination and Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) was considered. The results found show that the sugarcane theme is worked on and published by the areas of biology, agriculture and botany. The investigation demonstrates an opportunity regarding scientific research work, within the CAPES Portal and in the SCOPUS database, for the area of ​​management and business in the sugar-energy sector. The contribution of research is in the identification of gaps in scientific research, in areas with the greatest opportunities for future studies.

In the context of psychiatric reform there are proposals for reconfiguring the location and model of care, to move beyond hospitalisation. But there is resistance to their implementation, making hospitalisation an important subject for analysis and reflection. This article aims to characterise admissions to Mental Health Beds in General Hospitals in the interior of Paraná from September 2014 to December 2017. It is an analysis based on qualitative descriptive research using the Institutional Analysis theoretical-methodological approach. We highlight some strengths of this service, such as the fact that it is regionalised, and has an average hospital stay of less than 7 days with low numbers of readmissions and transfers to other services.

O presente trabalho propõe uma breve discussão sobre o desenvolvimentismo no enfrentamento à pobreza e seus rebatimentos na literatura do serviço social. Para tanto, está organizado em quatro partes: a visão de pobreza e desenvolvimentismo do Banco Mundial e de Amatya Sen, autor de importante relevância nas agencias multilaterais; o debate marxista sobre a pobreza e a sociedade capitalista; as discussões que são apropriadas pelos assistentes sociais e uma breve análise final, considerando o fenômeno da pauperização como algo inerente à sociedade capitalista.

This article is an interrogative review of articles in Brazilian magazines on the area of Social Work around the theme of mental health in times of challenges and setbacks. It sets out the historical context of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform to date. Then, for the interrogative review, it starts with data obtained from a selection of magazines in the area, focusing on six of them: Serviço Social & Sociedade, Katálysis, Revista de Políticas Públicas, Argumentum, Textos & Contextos and O Social em Questão. Using the following descriptors: mental health, public policies, trends, and setbacks, it analyses sixteen articles. The analysis focuses on the dismantling of public policies on mental health, alcohol, and other drugs, in the context of the worsening crisis of the neoliberal state and the emergence of neoconservatism and questions the challenges of the resistance to confronting it.

The aim of this article is to discuss, through a theoretical study, the full social reintegration of mental health service users through occupational therapy and its implications for the issue of suffering produced by capitalism. To do this, authors and theories have been selected that allow us to raise and make historical links between work and mental disorders, as well as the concepts underlying practices in the field of Psychiatric Reform, such as occupational therapy workshops for employment and income generation. The conclusion highlights the great difficulty in reconciling, in the current stage of capitalism, reintegration into work with the production of mental health or with care strategies for those suffering psychologically.

Resenha de: BASLEZ, M-F. Les premiers batîsseurs de l’Église: correspondances épiscopales, Iie-IIIe siècles. Paris: Fayard, 2016. 304 p.

This article analyses the process of contemporary expropriation regarding social rights, following the outline of Brazilian health policy. The objective is to highlight how this process is evidenced in supplementary healthcare. The results of these discussions are based on a historical-critical analysis of the expropriation process, carried out from bibliographic research and information obtained through documentary research on the databases of the National Agency for Supplementary Health, the Transparency Portal of the Internal Revenue Service and the Ministry of Health. The study concludes that the expropriation of rights is demonstrated in healthcare, either through disputes for public funds, through mechanisms of state support to supplementary health, such as tax waivers, or through the commodification of health, and places the open market pathway as being the best and most efficient alternative for care and access to health.