Repositório RCAAP

Abstract Considering the effects of reading on the accuracy of the speech of deaf and hard and hearing children and cochlear implants presented in the scientific literature, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Module 2 of the ALEPP software regarding teaching words with orthographic difficulties to a cochlear implanted child. The participant was a girl, had nine years of age, with profound bilateral and sensorineural hearing loss. The program aims to teach contingencies of the selection of printed words and syllables conditioned to dictated words and syllables of six different stimuli sets; each set contained 16 words, with a total of 96 teaching words and 64 control words. Probes of 160 words were interspersed with the teaching steps according to the multiple probe design. The participant learned to read the 96 taught words, controlled by the words’ minimal units. She presented maintenance of performance and reading generalization of the control words. The number of speech accuracy errors only decreased after the teaching intervention. The results replicated those of previous studies with orthographically easier words and future studies may explore the different types of training provided by the ALEPP and its effects on the accuracy of the speech of cochlear implanted children.

Abstract Creative abilities are a requirement for the present and can be intentionally promoted from the beginning of the life course. The school environment appears as privileged in this promotion, being the facilitation of a creative climate in the classroom one of the ways to operationalize it. This climate can be investigated from the perspective of the students. The purpose of this study was to adapt, for the Portuguese context, the Classroom Climate for Creativity Scale, designed in Brazil. Four hundred and thirty-six students from 3rd and 4th grade participated in the study (Mean age=9 years old). The results indicate an instrument with 22 items, to be answered on a 5-point Likert scale, which evaluates four factors (Teacher Support for Expression of Student Ideas, Student Self-perception of Creativity, Student Interest in Learning, Student Autonomy). The alpha reliability coefficients varied from .52 to .80. It may be useful in investigations on the perception of Portuguese students about creative teaching practices and on the self-evaluation of creativity, as well as for diagnosing the climate for creativity in the classroom.

Abstract This study aimed to adapt the Appreciation in Relationships (AIR) scale for the Brazilian context and to seek evidence of validity and accuracy, based on evidence of construct validity (i.e. factor analysis and internal consistency). The sample consisted of 233 people in amorous relationships from 15 Brazilian states, over 18 years of age. The majority were women (52.4%), even though a population with a homogeneous composition was sought to respond to the instruments: AIR and Sociodemographic Questionnaire. Through Structural Equation Modeling, with Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the theory regarding the existence of two factors was confirmed. The two-factor model presented the following fit indices: χ2 / df = 2.70, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA (90%CI) = 0.08 (0.07-0.10). It was concluded that the AIR presents acceptable evidence regarding the psychometric parameters in the context, and can be used in further studies on appreciation in relationships.

Abstract The aim of this review was to analyze the empirical studies that have measured temperament and coparenting. Accordingly, we sought to answer the question: “What is the relationship between the variables of coparenting and temperament in empirical studies, considering the different theoretical approaches, the different instruments used and families with children between zero and 11 years of age?” The databases chosen for this review were VHL-Psi, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The VHL-Psi database was searched, however, no articles were found. A total of 28 articles were selected, which were analyzed in their entirety and described regarding the number of participants, method, instruments used and other variables measured. The results regarding the relationship between coparenting and temperament were organized into six categories. Only two articles indicated a lack of significant relationships between the two variables. Temperament as a predictor of coparenting and the moderating role of coparenting as a risk and protection factor were highlighted. Bidirectional relationships between variables were addressed in only three articles and the lack of studies in this direction was evident. Differences in the coparenting of fathers and mothers highlight the importance of gender discussions.

Abstract This study aimed to describe the social representations about the functions of deliberate self-harm and to compare these representations from adolescents with and without a history of deliberate self-harm and adults without a history of these behaviours. We conducted a qualitative study involving the thematic analysis of forty-one semi-structured interviews. The participants consisted of 11 adolescents with a history of deliberate self-harm, 15 adolescents without a history of deliberate self-harm and 15 adults also without a history of behaviours. The interviewees mentioned eight functions of deliberate self-harm consistent with the existing literature, namely interpersonal functions (Communication Attempt, Interpersonal Boundaries, Interpersonal Influence, and Peer Bonding) and intrapersonal functions (Affect Regulation, Anti-Dissociation, Escape Mechanism, and Self-Punishment). Also, two new functions not described in the literature were mentioned (Introspective Mechanism and Replacement of Suffering). Regarding the differences between the three groups, several disparities emerged. Overall, results revealed that the group of adults referenced more interpersonal functions, while both groups of adolescents emphasized intrapersonal functions. This study provides insight regarding the social representations about the functions of deliberate self-harm, also focusing on the differences between adolescents with and without a history of these behaviours and adults without a history of deliberate self-harm.

Abstract Mentalizing capacity refers to people’s ability to interpret their own and other’s behavior in terms of mental states. This can be accomplished through implicit mentalizing, which tends to be employed by people most of the time, tends to be procedural and generally requires minimal attention and reflection. This study sought to assess the implicit mentalizing of nursery teachers that work with babies between four and eighteen months of age in Early Childhood Education schools. Four nursery teachers participated in the study. The following instruments were employed: Sociodemographic and Professional Data Questionnaire and video recordings of observation sessions - analized through the indicators teachers’ response in the babies’ actions; and references to mental states in the teachers’ vocalizations. The results indicated that two of the participants stood out positively, while the other two exhibited greater difficulties. These results are discussed, along with factors that potentially interfere with mentalizing capacity. The study points out the importance of future research on the subject, focused on developing instruments and planning interventions aimed at improving mentalizing capacity so as to promote mental health.

Abstract The street life is part of a larger process of vulnerability. Many youths use the streets as an escape from poverty, abuse and violence. However, a focus on risks may neglect positive factors that have the potential to promote healthy development. Accordingly, we examined trajectories of street-involved youth with different subjective well-being (SWB) profiles. Interviews conducted at three time points with six-months intervals included a semi-structured life experience interview (e.g., leaving home, street life, and school experience) and well-being measures. Cluster analysis identified three groups namely average SWB, positive SWB, and negative SWB. Within each SWB profile, two participants were selected to a multiple case study. The results revealed that positive SWB group had connections with other environments (family and institutions) beyond the street, while youth with negative SWB reported low social support and strong involvement with the street. Negative SWB group were formed by girls who reported family conflict, emotional, physical and sexual violence and adjustment difficulties. Finally, this study suggests that well-being research can contribute to protective practices, also indicating to the need to strengthen family and institutional ties as a strategy for the youth development. The longitudinal approach points that early interventions can anticipated positive developmental outcomes.

Abstract Anxiety and depression are the main complaints related to mental health in childhood and constitute a public health problem. In Brazil, there are few studies that describe evidence-based early intervention actions for these psychopathologies. Considering the problems related to anxiety and depression in childhood and their relative stability in development, health promotion and prevention actions are justified. One of the evidence-based programs directed toward health promotion and prevention of anxiety and depression in childhood is the FRIENDS Program (Fun FRIENDS). Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the FRIENDS program regarding the reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression and increase in socioemotional skills, in a city of Paraná state. A total of 25 children, aged from 5 to 7, and their caregivers participated. The CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist), SDQ (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and SCAS (Spence Children’s Anesthesia Scale) were used as the evaluation instruments. The results demonstrated increases in socioemotional skills and reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms. Thus, it was concluded that there is evidence that supports the effectiveness of the program for the Brazilian population.

Abstract This paper examines the relationships established between the fields of history of psychology, and science, technology and society studies (STS). We first present a brief historical overview to situate the present status of the field of psychology within the broad STS arena. We then describe the influence of STS studies in the field of history of psychology through a literature review that emphasizes Ibero-American productions in these areas. Our findings suggest that STS studies can contribute to the understanding the historical issues in psychology through seven areas of intersecting sociological and historical research, which involve the study of psychological objects, the history of psychological instrumentation, the historical analysis of psychology as a discipline and the study of psychology teaching and education, among others. The paper concludes that STS studies play an important role in advancing the production of historical knowledge, shedding light on the conceptual frameworks used in historical research, clarifying historical inquires, and assisting in the process to define psychological epistemic objects.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the social representations of the body and health for physically active and inactive individuals. Fifty-five individuals who claimed to be physically active and 55 individuals who claimed to be inactive participated in the study. A questionnaire composed of free evocation questions about the body and health, characterization of the participants, health status and practice of physical activities, was used. The data were collected at a Private University and at a Gym in the city of Curitiba, Paraná. The free evocation data were treated through lexicographic analyses. Aspects of characterization, health status and physical activity practices were analyzed through descriptive and relational statistics using the Chi-squared and Student’s t tests. The characterization data were considered explanatory variables for the analysis of the Social Representations of the body and health. It was found that both groups share common representations related to body care and health. In Social Representations of the body, elements related to physical activity play a key role. In Social Representations of health, they play a secondary role. Although concerns about esthetics stand out, participants recognize that regular physical activity can contribute to health promotion and quality of life.

Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the scientific production about the prediction of academic achievement by means of cognitive and socio-emotional variables through a systematic literature review involving empirical articles. The search was carried out in the SciELO, Pepsic and Capes journal databases, covering the period from 2008 to 2018. Twenty six articles that met the pre-established inclusion criteria were analyzed. Intelligence was the most frequent variable in the studies (n = 7) and explained between 1.21% and 43% of school achievement. Some socio-emotional variables had greater predictive power than intelligence: self-regulation (49 to 90%), satisfaction with the learning process (79.21%), self-efficacy (2.56 to 44.89%) and learning engagement, 6.76 to 44.89%). Based on the literature, we can conclude that academic achievement is multi-determined, with influence from different cognitive and socio-emotional variables. Future studies need to consider the use of standardized achievement measures to enhance comparability, as well as to construct models with multiple variables and their correlations for the sake of a deeper investigation of the impacts of these relationships on achievement along the school career.

Abstract This study aimed to recognize the characteristics of work within the hospital context and their potential effects on mental health of professionals who provide health care for end-of-life patients. The descriptive and qualitative study relied on interviews and observations. Thirty-four physicians and nurses who work in clinical medicine or emergency medical services in a teaching hospital in Rio Grande do Sul were interviewed. The results, obtained through content analysis, showed that in clinical medicine health professionals suffer more when patients die or their condition gets worse, such suffering being a threat to mental health. In emergency medical services, death causes suffering only when it is traumatic. Intercurrences which are characteristic of emergency medical services and work organization are the major source of stress for such professionals, thus affecting their mental health. Therefore, the mental health of these professionals is weakened due to the demands in health care work. It is thus necessary to rethink the institution’s organization, redefine attitudes and implement procedures that are coherent with the professionals’ needs, in search of better working conditions and improved mental health.

Abstract The Municipal Council of the Elderly is the body established by law to watch over the rights of the elderly and it is up to them to submit, opine, discuss, debate and decide, by vote, issues related to the rights of the elderly. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze how the social representations of counselors about the elderly municipal council are organized and the possible elements that make up the mute zone. A total of 72 counselors participated in the survey, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and a hierarchical free speech evocation test in situations of normal collection and substitution, based on the inductive term “municipal council of the elderly”. The data were analyzed by the Prototypic Analysis and the Centrality Index of Social Representations from Evocations. The results showed that although the council is normatively represented as a body for the defense and guarantee of the rights of the elderly, elements of the mute zone in the central nucleus point it, against normatively, as an inefficient, unknown body of denunciation, which needs better planning and reorganization. It was considered that all social representation is masked, requiring further research on the subject.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the transition to fatherhood in the context of preterm birth from hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to the third month after discharge, through a collective case study. Three fathers of preterm female infants participated in the study. All the fathers were living with the babies’ mothers. The reports of the participants were examined through qualitative analysis. Reports on the pregnancy and birth revealed intense anxiety, emphasizing feelings of helplessness and concerns with the wife’s health, survival and emotional condition. After the delivery, the participants were very dedicated and caring as fathers, especially during the first days of life of their infants, including frequent visits to the baby and providing emotional support to the wife. Three months after discharge, reports of the fathers showed how their daughters, although healthy, were still perceived as very vulnerable babies, triggering a series of care actions and, therefore, having important repercussions in their lives. The need to provide psychological interventions not only for mothers but also for fathers of preterm children should be highlighted.

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between the victim’s group membership and secondary victimization she suffers, moderated by Moral Values and Belief in a Just World (BJW). The victim of the ingroup was blamed more for the sexual violence she suffered (Study 1, N = 250). In turn, that relationship was moderated by binding values (Study 2, N = 117) and by BJW (Study 3, N = 258). Together, the results suggest that the victim blaming is greater when she belongs to the ingroup; and that this relationship is predicted by high adherence to binding values and low adherence to BJW. This research contributes to the extent that it demonstrates that the relationship between adherence to binding values and victim derogation does not occur exclusively at the cognitive level, as information processing in which high adherence to these values would produce greater secondary victimization regardless of group membership of the victim. Additionally, it highlights the importance of considering the psychosocial processes underlying violence against women in order to promote more effective discussions and actions.

A CONFIGURAÇÃO ÉTNICA da população baiana modificou-se bastante de fins do século XVIII para o século seguinte, quando povos islâmicos africanos tornaram-se comuns entre os escravos, em especial a partir dos grandes desembarques de cativos de fala Ioruba. As origens desses muçulmanos podem estar relacionadas ao contexto próprio das áreas interioranas da Baía de Benin e à jihad do Xeque Usman dan Fodio, fundador do Califado de Sokoto. Este estudo examina o material biográfico disponível, procurando oferecer subsídios adicionais acerca da comunidade muçulmana para, assim, estabelecer mais claramente as ligações entre os padrões de resistência à escravidão na Bahia, que culminaram na insurreição Malê de 1835, e o movimento da jihad no interior da Baía de Benin.

O ARTIGO ANALISA a formação da primeira elite senhorial do Rio de Janeiro e de sua economia (séculos XVI e XVII). Ele parte do pressuposto de que tal formação se daria em um contexto marcado por dificuldades em Portugal e no seu Ultramar. Em meio a este cenário, os conquistadores utilizariam os velhos elementos, porém eficientes, da antiga sociedade lusa: a conquista (de homens e terras), o Senado da Câmara e o sistema de mercês. Como resultado deste processo, teríamos a formação de uma economia de plantation como derivação de uma hierarquia social e econômica que exclui parte dos colonos.

O ARTIGO SUGERE o uso de conceitos e práticas relacionados à retórica como instrumento de análise para pensar a história intelectual do Brasil. História intelectual é tomada em sentido estrito, isto é, como a história de formas discursivas de pensamento, deixando de lado tanto a crítica literária como o que se tem convencionado chamar de nova história cultural. Será feita, de início, breve descrição do estado da história intelectual no país. A seguir será discutida a tradição retórica herdada de Portugal. Ao final, serão sugeridas maneiras de usar esta tradição como chave de leitura para trabalhar textos brasileiros, sobretudo do século XIX.

ESTE ARTIGO AVALIA os conflitos relacionados às relações amorosas e/ou sexuais ocorridos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre1890 e 1930. Baseado na pesquisa dos julgamentos de crimes passionais, propõe uma reflexão sobre as tensões entre os valores dominantes e os padrões culturais das relações de gênero disseminados na sociedade brasileira da época.

O ENSAIO INVESTIGA, numa primeira parte, os principais pontos debatidos nas trinta sessões de interrogatórios do jesuíta Antônio Vieira (1608-1697) no Santo Ofício de Coimbra; numa segunda parte, procura demonstrar que as posições contrárias têm pressupostos teológicos comuns e que as opiniões de Vieira, diferentemente do que se tem difundido muitas vezes, não podem ser tomadas como protoiluministas ou protoburguesas.