Repositório RCAAP

With the purpose to study the presence of swine leptospiral carrier,131 blood samples and the kidneys from the respective animals were taken during slaughter in abattoir house in Botucatu - SP region. By the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), 48 serum samples were positive against one or more serovars, with a rate of the occurrence of 36.64% to anti-leptospiral antibodies and greater importance to the serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. The investigation of the agent, a total of 88 kidney samples were submitted to culture in EMJH media and analysed by PCR. From those 88 kidney samples, 48 were of serologically positive animals and 40 of negative animals, being isolated and detected the agent in one kidney sample, belonging to a seropositive animal. Although was not possible the statistical evaluation in terms of sensitivity and specificity of the two test to detection, the PCR showed faster and most practical to study leptospiral carriers. By the results of isolation it must be emphasized the importance of those animals as the transmitters of the disease to slaughter house workers and to meat inspectors.

The Cloacal Bursa's arteries of 30 females Hubbard were injected with 50% Neoprene Latex 450 solution, and submited to dissection. The ages of the birds was to 10 to 12 weeks. The vessel's origin, number and sequence were studied The results showed the participation of the left and right internal pudendal artery in all cases, witch the association of the cranial mesenteric artery (333,33%), to median caudal artery (3,33%), and to left internal iliac artery (3,33%). The total branches number, without considering its origin, varied in 2 to 9, being 4 branches the major frequency. The vessels distribuition was the same in each bird.

Ultrasonography was perfomed in 88 ewes from Núcleo de Pesquisas Zootécnicas Sudoeste - Instituto de Zootecnia, São Paulo state, from march to may , 2001. Animals were examined from 19º to 33º days of pregnancy by transrectal ultrasonography in alternate days examinations, and by pregnancy detector for small ruminants (DPPR-80Ò) from 25º to 45º day. Positive diagnostic by transretal ultrasonography was obtained after yolk sac visualization. The embryo heartbeat was observed after 25 day of pregnancy. The positive diagnostic was obtained by pregnancy detector when embrionic heart was 160 to 200 beats/minute. Births confirmed the examinations. Three abortions ocurred during the experiment and these females were excluded from the group. From 85 ewes examined, 64 lambed. The transrectal ultrasonography accuracy in 19º day of pregnancy was 35,29%, with higher rate (82,53%) in 31º day. The doppler accuracy in 25º day was 24,71% and 34,12.00% in 45º day. Embryo heartbeat was detected by transrectal ultrasonography after 21 days of pregnancy and the first placentoms were observed after 25 days of pregnancy. In conclusion, transrectal ultrasonography was better than doppler in early pregnancy diagnosis in sheep.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections of man and livestock, and its transmission has usually been attributed to ingestion of undercooked or raw meat from infected livestock, with the infection rate in those animals being an important risk predictor of human disease, high in Brazil and São Paulo State. Looking for this public health problem, we tested serum samples from cattle, goat, sheep and chicken from the State of São Paulo, Brazil, for IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were found in 31.00% (62/200) of sheep, 17.00% (34/200) of goat and 11.00% (22/200) of cattle, without positive sample in chicken. Despite differences in feeding habits of each species, the rate of infection of tested animals could be better attributed to livestock management methods, which improvement could reduce infection.

O presente experimento foi conduzido em Jaboticabal, SP, e teve como objetivos estudar uma cultura de café (Coffea arabica L., var. Mundo Novo), quanto à biologia floral, a freqüência e comportamento dos insetos na flor, testar o produto Bee-HereR (Hoescht Shering Agrevo do Brasil Ltda) quanto a sua atratividade para as abelhas Apis mellifera e verificar a produção de frutos com e sem a visita dos insetos. Para isso, foram verificados o tempo do desenvolvimento e quantidade de açúcar solúvel do néctar das flores; freqüência das visitações dos insetos, no decorrer do dia, por meio de contagem do número de insetos visitando as flores, a cada 60 minutos, das 8 às 17 horas, 10 minutos em cada horário; tempo (em segundos) e tipo de coleta (néctar e/ou pólen) dos insetos mais freqüentes; perda de botões florais; porcentagem de flores que se transformaram em frutos; tempo de formação e contagem dos grãos de café, observando-se a porcentagem de frutificação em flores visitadas ou não pelos insetos. Também foram realizados testes por pulverização utilizando-se o produto Bee-HereR , diluído em xarope e em água, em diferentes horários. A flor durou, em média, cerca de 3 dias desde sua abertura até o murchamento. A quantidade de açúcares do néctar apresentou diferença significativa entre os horários, sendo maior às 8 horas (em média, 102,18 ± 8,75 mg de carboidratos totais por flor). A abelha A. mellifera foi o inseto mais freqüente nas flores de café, coletando, principalmente, néctar no decorrer do dia. A perda de botões florais causada pelas chuvas foi, em média, 26,50 ± 11,70%. O tempo para a formação do fruto foi 6 meses e o número de frutos decorrentes do tratamento descoberto foi maior (38,79% e 168,38%, em 1993 e 1994, respectivamente) que do tratamento coberto. Apesar da eficiência do produto Bee-HereR ser afetada pelas condições climáticas, ele pode ser usado para atrair as abelhas A. mellifera na cultura.

In order to evaluate the effect of a transport medium on the rate of in vitro embryonic development, 1381 Cumulus-oocyte Complexes (COC) were obtained by aspiration of 2-8mm diameter follicles witch were randomly divided in 4 treatment groups. The Control group was formed by oocytes matured in modified TCM-199 for 24h, incubated at 39°C and 5,00% CO2 with saturated humidity. The group 1 (WB24h), included oocytes matured in 1.0mL tubes containing TCM-HEPES (5.95mg/mL), in water bath (WB) at 39°C for 24h. The group 2 (FFb6C18h), included oocytes kept in bovine follicular fluid (FFb) for 6h at 30°C followed by a period of 18h maturation under the same conditions as the Control group and with the oocytes maintained in FFb followed by 18h IVM under the same conditions as the group 1, group 3 (FFb6WB18h). Fertilization was performed in FERT-TALP for 18h. Zygotes were cultured in SOFaaci under mineral oil within gasified bags. The cleavage rate differed (P<0.05) between the Control and FFb6BM18h groups. However, there was no difference on the D7 and D9 blastocyst rates and on the percentage of blastocyst ecloded. It was concluded that it is possible to maintain the oocytes in FFb for 6h at 30°C before 18h IVM, or to proote the transport and maturation of the oocytes for 24h, in TCM-HEPES and water-bath at 39°C, without compromising embryonic development. The simplification of MIV showed in this experiment through of tubes (1.0mL) replete with TCM-HEPES and holding in water bath at 39°C, could be a viable and practice for the bovine programs of OPU/PIV.

It was developed at the Institute of Zootecnia, in Nova Odessa, SP, an experiment to evaluate 39 sugarcanes, for animal feeding. The sugarcanes were evaluated through analysis of main components and grouping. The analysis of grouping was made by the method UPGA (unweighted pair group method with arithimetic average), being taken into account, 4 characters: production of dry matter, percentage of total carbohydrates available, percentage neutral detergent fiber and percentage of effective degradability of dry matter. Being taken into account just the quality and degradability the groups 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were selected. Including in the evaluation, the production of dry matter, the selected groups were the one of number 6, 8 and 9.

Mensurações corpóreas externas, pélvicas externas e internas foram realizadas in vivo em 142 fêmeas de bovinos da raça Nelore, utilizando régua padrão e pelvímetro de Rice. As médias e os respectivos desvios padrão para as mensurações corpóreas foram: peso 390,19 ± 45,23 kg; perímetro torácico 174 ± 8,60 cm; altura de cernelha 129 ± 4,10 cm; comprimento de corpo 144 ± 7,10 cm. As médias e respectivos desvios padrão para as mensurações externas da pelve foram: biilíaca externo 46,19 ± 2,72 cm; biisquiático 16,23 ± 1,57 cm; ilioisquiático 46,43 ± 2,12 cm. Para as medidas internas da Pelve, as médias e respectivos desvios padrão foram: biilíaca superior 12,69 ± 1,08 cm; biilíaca inferior 12,2 ± 0,86 cm; biilíaca média 14,32 ± 1,07cm; sacropúbica 17,68 ± 1,45 cm; biisquiática interna 9,96 ± 0,94 cm. Para as estimativas de área pélvica, as médias e respectivos desvios padrão foram: área de elipse 199,42 ± 26,20 cm²,; área do retângulo envolvente 253,91 ± 33,36 cm². As estimativas de correlações entre medidas externas e internas da pelve foram, em geral, de baixa magnitude, indicando ausência de associações entre as diferentes medidas.

External and internal pelvic, body measurements and external measurements of calves were in vivo accomplished in 142 females of bovine Nelore breed, using standard scale and Rice pelvimeter. For comparison of the different measurements, the animals were divided in three groups, according to the occurrence and frequency of births (nuliparus, primiparus and multiparus). Significant differences (P<0,05), detect by analyses of variance, among the three groups they were observed for variables: ilioisquiatic, medium bi-iliac, sacro-pubic, internal bi-isquiatic, ellipse area, rectangle area, and thoracic perimeter of calves. The estimates of correlations among external and internal pelvic measurements, among external pelvic measurements with external measurements of calves and internal pelvic measurements and external measurements of calves were, in general, of low, indicating absence of associations among the different measures.

The correlation between the proportion of reactor lactating cows and the presence of antibodies to the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVD) in bulk tank milk was studied by using the ELISA test. Serum and individual milk samples from 376 unvaccinated lactating cows from 10 herds located in the South region of the State of Minas Gerais and the Northeast region of the State of São Paulo as well as one milk sample from the bulk tank milk of each herd were analysed. Reacting serum samples were found in all the herds, and this occurrence varied from 12.28 to 100.00%. The analysis of individual milk samples did not show reacting cows in two herds, while the other herds had an ocurrence varying from 5.26 to 70.83%. Antibodies were detected in bulk tank milk from herds whose proportion of reacting sera was equal to or higher than 82.86%, and whose proportion of reacting individual milk samples was equal to or higher than 32.14%.

Bovine oocytes have been maintained in the follicular fluid to be transported and to increase their competence, before maturation. Eight hundred eighty-one (881) oocytes, aspirated from bovine slaughterhouse ovaries, were used to evaluate the effect of holding bovine oocytes in follicular fluid (FF) of bovine follicles of different diameters on the rate of embryo development. The oocytes were randomly distributed in four treatments with seven replicates each: The control group (n=217) was constituted by oocytes matured for 24h in modified TCM-199 with Estrus Mare Serum (EMS), pyruvate and rFSH-h in incubator with 5,00% CO2, 39°C and saturated humidity. In the FFsmall group (3 to 5mm follicles; n=216), the oocytes were held for 6h in follicular fluid at 30°C and matured for 18h in the same conditions of the Control-group. The oocytes of the FFmedium group (5,1-8mm follicles; n=226) and of the FFlarge group (>;8,1mm follicles; n=222) were held in follicular fluid and matured like FFsmall. Fertilization was accomplished during 18h and, after this, the zygotes were cultured for 8 days in SOFaaci medium + 5,00% EMS in incubator at 39°C using plastic bags gasified with 5,00%CO2, 5,00%O2 and 90,00%N2. FFsmall oocytes produced a lower (P;0,05) between the groups. Follicular fluid of medium and large follicles could be used to hold for 6h at 30°C bovine oocytes before their maturation for 18h.

The influence of pregnancy and puerperium on the erythrogram of Saanen goats (Capra hircus) was evaluate on blood samples were taken from 150 goats raised on the State of São Paulo and were allocated into 5 experimental groups of 30 goats each as described: non-pregnant; initial pregnancy (30 -| 60 days of pregnancy); middle pregnancy (60 -| 120 days of pregnancy); late pregnancy (more than 120 days of pregnancy); kidding goats (until 30 days after parturition). The blood samples were collected with EDTA and submitted to the following analysis: erythrocyte counts (at the modified Neubauer hemocytometer, using Gower's liquid as a dilute); packed cell volume (using the microhematocrit method); hemoglobin concentration (using cyanmethemoglobin method); calculated blood indices: MCV - mean corpuscular volume; MCH - mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC - mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Although lower number of erytrocytes were seen at the end of pregnancy, the blood values returned to normality during the kidding phase. These values returned to those observed in non-pregnant goats, goats in early and middle pregnancy. The evaluation of the hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume did not show any significant variation that could be attributed to pregnancy or the puerperium. The MCV and MCH values were higher in goats in late pregnancy and during kidding.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar a morfometria do trato genital masculino caprino entre a época seca e chuvosa. Foram coletados 46 e 52 genitais de machos caprinos na época seca e chuvosa, respectivamente. Testículos foram identificados em direito ou esquerdo, mensurados quanto ao comprimento, espessura e diâmetro. Os epidídimos foram pesados. Ductos deferentes e o pênis foram mensurados quanto ao comprimento. As vesículas seminais foram identificadas em direita ou esquerda, pesadas individualmente, e mensuradas quanto ao comprimento, largura e espessura. Os parâmetros de peso, largura, espessura e comprimento das diferentes estruturas foram submetidos ao teste t de Student a 5,00% de probabilidade. Os resultados demonstraram que houve diferença significativa entre os parâmetros mensurados no período seco e chuvoso (P<0,05), com exceção da vesícula seminal. Também foi demonstrado que os maiores valores foram encontrados no período seco, com exceção do ducto deferente. Concluiu-se que os parâmetros biométricos de caprinos SRD da região semi-árida do Nordeste do Brasil são inferiores aos citados na literatura internacional. Estes resultados demonstraram que o processo de adaptação de raças exóticas trazidas pelos colonizadores portugueses ao longo destes 500 anos provocou uma diminuição do porte dos mesmos, tornando-os mais rústicos, porém com características reprodutivas normais, mesmo em épocas de escassez de alimentos.

Com este estudo objetivou-se avaliar, comparativamente, os efeitos de três anestésicos inalatórios sobre variáveis respiratórias e hemogasométricas em cães. Para tal, utilizaram-se 30 cães sadios, adultos, machos e fêmeas evitando-se aquelas em estro ou em gestação. Os animais foram separados e protocolados em três grupos de 10 cães cada (G1, G2 e G3). Induziu-se a anestesia geral com administração intravenosa de propofol, na dose de 10±1,3 mg/kg. Em seguida procedeu-se à intubação orotraqueal e anestesia geral inalatória pelo desfluorano (G1), sevofluorano (G2) e isofluorano (G3), diluídos em oxigênio a 100,00%, por meio de circuito anestésico tipo "semi-fechado", dotado de vaporizadores calibrados para cada agente anestésico. As variáveis estudadas foram Freqüência Respiratória, CO2 ao Final da Expiração, Saturação de Oxihemoglobina, Volume Corrente, Volume Minuto, Pressão Parcial Arterial de O2, Pressão Parcial Arterial de CO2, Excesso de Bases e pH. A avaliação estatística destas variáveis foi realizada pela Análise de Perfil, sendo considerado o nível de significância de 5,00%. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o desfluorano deprime o sistema respiratório aumentando a pressão parcial arterial de CO2 e o CO2 ao final da expiração; e diminuindo a pressão parcial arterial de O2 e o volume minuto, quando comparado com os outros anestésicos em teste.

Twelve specimens of head and neck of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) were dissected to study the situation, arrangements and branches of the distal vagal ganglion and the cranial cervical ganglion. The ganglions showed a fusiforme shape, covered by the M. digastricus. The main branches of the cranial cervical ganglion included the internal carotid and external carotid branches and of distal vagal ganglion included the cranial laryngeal nerve. This study showed that the cranial cervical ganglion and the distal vagal ganglion in dogs are well developed structure. There were no obvious anatomical differences between the same ganglions presented in both antimeres.

The testicular development in 31 Agoutis, of the Dasyprocta aguti species, from the birth up to 14 months of age was studied through the histometric analysis. Mid diameter and the mean area, in each testicle, were obtained through 30 crosscuts of the funiculus and/or the seminiferous tubule, by means of a computerized system for image analysis and a Zeiss CPL 10X ocular micrometric device, coupled to an objective lens of 40X. Testicles volume proportions were obtained through the stereometric method, according to Elias, Henning and Schwartz¹. Tubule medium diameter presented a slow growth from the birth to the eight months of age, for both used methodologies. When the ocular micrometric device was used it was observed that, beginning in the ninth month, the tubule diameter had an accelerated growth getting to duplicate its value if compared with the preceded age group. The volume proportion of the testicle cord and the seminiferous tubule grew gradually, reaching its maximum value (86,50%) on the ninth month. The Leydig cells presented a decreasing volume proportion, and their largest values were expressive from the birth up to four months of age (7,00 ± 1,77% to 9,55 ± 0,64%) and a minimum value, starting from nine months, still tending to stabilize. The stroma decreased with the development of age and fall abruptly when the puberty starts. It is concluded that the diameter of the testicles cords and seminiferous tubule presented a larger growth coinciding with the start of puberty and the volume proportion of the Leydig cells was lower in the same period.

The increase in OPU utilization requires an alternative to start the early phases of PIV without a controlled atmosphere. The development of a practical and simple way to transport/mature/fertilize might enhance the efficiency of the laboratory and consequently decrease its production costs. The aim of this study was to develop a method for cumulus oocytes complexes (CCO) maturation and fertilization in polypropylene tubes without atmosphere control kept in water bath. The in vitro maturation performed with controlled atmosphere was in TCM-199 modified (control group). The water bath treatments in tubes the TCM-199 had a addition of 25 mM of N-2-hidroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanosulfonic acid (HEPES). The CCO in vitro fertilization was performed in Talp-Fert medium with 10mM a 28.7 mM of HEPES, under mineral oil in tubes kept in water bath at 39°C, during 10 to 18 hours. Zygotes were cultured 4 well dishes, in bag system, with SOFaa medium with 5,00% estrus cow serum, under mineral oil, in incubator with 5,00%CO2, 5,00%O2 and 90,00%N2, at 39°C for 9 days. The results showed that CCO can be matured for 24 hours in tubes kept in water bath and also fertilized during 10 hours in tubes with Talp-Fert medium added of 25mM HEPES. The cleavage, D7 and D9 blastocysts rates in tubes without controlled atmosphere were similar (P>;0.05) to those in the incubator procedures. However, the fertilization in Talp-Fert medium added of 10mM a 28.7 mM of HEPES in tubes kept in water bath for 18 hours had a detrimental effect on the embryonic development.

The morphological aspects of the placenta and fetal membranes were investigated in 03 sloth originated from the forestal zone in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. These structures were obtained in 03 pregnant females from Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, two of them were frozen and the third placenta was collected by caesarian, and mother and fetus were preserved. After defrost the placenta were fixed in formaldehyde 10,00% water solution. The small fragments were collected in the placenta and umbilical cord from caesarian. These fragments were fixed in 4,00% paraformoldehyde and processed, as usual, for light microscopy; the specimens were embedded in paraplast. HE and Masson stained 5 mm thick sections. The sloth placenta is chorioamniotic, with villous chorion composing the placental lobes, localized in the fundic uterus region. The smooth chorion has relationship with intern face of the uterus. In late gestation the lobes of placenta fused and increase the size in a unique discoid mass, characterizing the placenta discoid. The umbilical cord connect the fetus with placenta, two arteries and one umbilical vein compose it. The histological result suggests a labirinthic and endotheliochorial placenta in these animals. Therefore, the sloth placenta may be classified as labyrinth, endotheliochorial, multiple, discoid (at term) and chorioamniotic.

The aim of the present experiment was to standardize a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of experimentally infected pigs and to compare the performance of nPCR with the standard isolation technique, the bioassay in mice. Comparison between the two methods was done testing eight 4 month-old pigs orally inoculated with 5 x 10(4) oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii (AS-28 strain) and three non-infected pigs at the same age, kept as control. All animals were euthanatized 47 days after infection and samples of brain, heart, tongue and retina were collected from each animal for analysis by nPCR and bioassay in mice. By using the bioassay, Toxoplasma gondii was detected in 4 infected pigs, being two in the retina, one in the heart and one in the tongue. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in five of the inoculated pigs, being: three in the tongue, two in the brain and heart and one in retina. The detection threshold of the nPCR on mouse brain suspension artificially infected with the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii was 10 tachyzoites/ml. Although both techniques were unable to detect the parasite in all infected pigs, nPCR showed better performance as it was accomplished in a shorter period of time. When used concurrently, both techniques detected the agent in seven infected animals. The only way to increase sensitivity of either method is to increase the amount of tissue to be examined.

The objective of this paper was to measure the tears pH of Poodle dogs, using pH paper tape measurement. Sixty five animals were used (35 dogs with coloured spot near the nasal area and 30 dogs with no coloured spot). A complementary questionnaire was made to the owners asking about how long the spot have been there and the food offered and the medicines used by the animals. A Chi Square Test of independence type was used, for matching the relation between the presence of the coloured spot and sex; the near the nasal area tear pH; the presence of the coloured spot and sex; tear pH and sex; presence of the coloured spot and type of feeding; tear pH and type of feeding; presence of the coloured spot and use of any oral medicines; tear pH and use of oral medicines; presence of the coloured spot near the nasal area and age. In conclusion , the acid pH is not associated with the coloured spot near the nasal area; there is a relationship between the coloured spot near the nasal area and the food; the majority of the animals,with or without the stain, presented tear pH values between 5 and 6.