Repositório RCAAP

The degree of analgesia after the preemptive administration of tramadol or flunixin meglumine was evaluated in thirty dogs submitted to orthopedic surgical procedures. Dogs received tramadol (2mg/kg) or flunixin meglumine (1.1mg/kg). Cardiovascular and respiratory depression were not observed during anesthesia. Animals treated with tramadol showed a higher score of analgesia. The quality of recovery of animals treated with tramadol was much better as it was free from excitation and discomfort, and presented a higher degree of sedation. We could conclude that tramadol can be applied successfully in preemptive analgesia, since recovery from anesthesia is accompanied by adequate analgesia and is free from excitation and discomfort.

548 udder abubaline quarters were studied, clinical exam, CMT to mastitis detection and collection samples to bacteriology isolament realized. Corynebacterium aquaticum grew in two samples and were characterized by biochemical analisis. In this paper we reported the agent participation in udder colonization and the possibility of buffaloes infections mastitis.

Foi estudada a atividade ovariana de fêmeas de onça-pintada (Panthera onca; adultas n=2 e pré-púberes n=3) mantidas em cativeiro, pela extração e quantificação de estrógenos e progestinas fecais. Foram colhidas amostras fecais de 2-7 vezes por semana durante 16-18 meses. Foi realizada a validação dos radioimunoensaios em fase sólida, para progesterona e 17b-estradiol, para uso em extratos fecais em onça-pintada. A concentração média de estrógenos fecais (ng/g de fezes secas) para o grupo dos animais pré-púberes foi de 10,97 (variando de 0,28 a 59,16) e para o grupo dos animais adultos foi de 68,99 (variando de 3,50 a 609,37). A concentração média de progestinas fecais (mg/g de fezes secas) para o grupo dos animais pré-púberes foi de 0,26 (variando de 0,02 a 4,44) e para o grupo dos animais adultos foi de 0,85 (variando de 0,08 a 6,51).

The aim of this study was to describe the technique and results of high resolution electrocardiography (ECGAR) in clinically healthy dogs. During this research, 32 adult crossed-breed, dogs from both sexes were used, which were divided in four groups accordingly to their mean body weight. The animals were submitted to high resolution electrocardiography in time domain. It was verified that the duration of QRS complex was smaller in the group of dogs with lower body weight when compared to the group of animals weighing over 21 kilograms. Moreover, the duration of the low amplitude signals of the last 40 ms of the QRS complex (LAS 40) did not show significant differences among groups. Also no significant difference was seen among groups in relation to the mean squared root of the squared voltage of the last 40 ms of the QRS complex (RMS 40). These results, once tabled, could contribute for standardization of the reference values for canine ECGAR. Furthermore, these values could serve as foundation for other researches with dogs in risk of development of sustained ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death, through the detection of the so called late potentials.

Para que o girassol possa ser utilizado com sucesso na forma de silagem, é necessário que se determine o ponto ideal de ensilagem. O objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar através da técnica in vitro semi-automática de produção de gases a cinética de degradação da matéria orgânica (MO) e matéria seca (MS) das silagens do híbrido M734 ensilado com 100, 107, 114 e 121 dias após o plantio. As leituras de pressão dos gases foram feitas através de um transdutor de pressão às 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 36, 48, 72, 96 h pós-inoculação. A cinética ruminal foi descrita matematicamente por meio dos parâmetros: potencial máximo de produção de gases, "lag time", taxa de produção de gases (m) e degradabilidade efetiva da MO e MS para diferentes taxas de passagem (2, 5 e 8%/h) por um modelo unicompartimental. Verificou-se que o corte da cultura em estádios mais tardios levaram a redução no potencial máximo de produção de gases para a MO (162, 155, 144 e 139 mL) e MS (138, 129, 121 e 119 mL); elevação da "lag time" para MO (2,4, 2,5, 2,8 e 2,9 h) e MS (2,5, 2,5, 3,0 e 3,0 h); e diminuição do m para a MO (0,023, 0,022, 0,017 e 0,017 mL/h) e MS (0,022, 0,020, 0,015 e 0,016 mL/h) para as épocas 100, 107, 114 e 121 dias após o plantio, respectivamente. As épocas mais indicadas para a ensilagem do híbrido M734 foram aos 100 e 107 dias após o plantio.

There are difficulties in liver surgical procedures, specifically hemostasis, due to anatomic and functional characteristics of this organ. Considering these factors, this study compared the effect of two surgical adhesives, gelatin-resorcin-formaldeíde and n-butil-2-cianoacrilate, in the liver synthesis. Clinical evolution of the animals utilized in this study and cicatrization of experimental liver surgical wounds were investigated. Cicatrization was analysed by macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. Results demonstrated fast and efficient hemostasis in both groups, and more important cellular and tissue alterations on the animals treated by n-butil-2-cianoacrilate, when this group was compared to the control and gelatin-resorcin-formaldeíde groups. Considering the purpose of this study, gelatin-resorcin-formaldeíde compound was the best alternative method on cases where the sutures employed alone had failed to provide adequate hemostasis.

Para o estabelecimento dos valores de referência de variáveis bioquímicas utilizadas na avaliação da função renal e do equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico de bezerras sadias, da raça Holandesa, no primeiro mês de vida, utilizou-se amostras de soro sangüíneo de 300 animais, distribuídos por 15 grupos experimentais, de acordo com o tempo de vida pós-nascimento. Considerou-se na análise dos resultados a influência do fator etário. As concentrações de uréia sérica apresentaram oscilações, atingindo um valor máximo nos animais com 4 dias de vida (31,85 mg/dl), seguindo com queda significativa, alcançando a taxa mínima nos bezerros com 15 a 20 dias de vida. De forma semelhante, a taxa de creatinina sérica foi maior nos grupos de animais mais jovens (grupo 1 - 2,65 mg/dl), evoluindo com declínio progressivo até atingir valor mínimo nos animais mais velhos (grupo 15 - 1,28 mg/dl). As taxas do sódio tiveram pequenas oscilações até 15 dias de vida quando ocorreu o valor mínimo (125,9 mEq/l); a seguir houve aumento significativo com taxa máxima nos animais com 20 a 25 dias (141,5 mEq/l). Quanto ao potássio sérico, o valor mínimo foi detectado nos animais mais jovens (grupo 1 - 4,30 mEq/l), seguido por aumento significativo e até atingir o maior valor nos grupos de animais com 5 a 9 dias de vida (5,27 mEq/l). A influência do fator etário provou-se significativa para praticamente todos os constituintes bioquímicos estudados, com exceção da determinação de cloreto sérico.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of arthroscopy in dogs with osteochondritis dissecans of the shoulder. We have analysed the possibility to see the structures into the joint, changes of the cartilage, synovial membrane and complications. During the arthroscopic procedure occurred periarticular infiltration, iatrogenic lesions of the cartilage, difficulty to do the arthroscopic portal, instrumental portal, triangulation and premature removal of the arthroscope. All the operated animals had sinovial hiperplasia. The cartilage lesions were chondromalacia, erosion, eburnation, osteophyte, fibrillation, flap and joint mice. The arthroscopy brought us important informations about number and place of the flaps and joint mice as well as general condition of the joint. The removal of the flap or joint mice by arthroscopy requires more hability than that for diagnostic arthroscopy, so the surgeon needs to have more experience.

Aspects of biological behavior of Brazilian rabies virus isolated from canine, bovine, equine, vampire and insectivorous bats were studied in mice. The oral infection occurred in mice fed with infected brain of insectivours bat (8.82%), canine (8.57%) and equine (3.03%). The mean period of incubation to all the isolates was 6 days after mice intracerebral inoculation, however, symptoms were variable, since hyperexcitability (canine sample), progressive paralysis of lower limbs and prolonged clinical course until death (equine sample), and mice without clinical signs before death (insectivorous bat). By immunohistochemistry IFN was detected in brains of mice inoculated with bovine and insectivorous bat samples, TNF and iNOS were detected in brains of those inoculated with insectivorous bat, bovine and canine samples, and positive GFAP astrocytes were found in all five samples. Two commercial inactivated rabies vaccines, one imported (vaccine 1) and another manufactured in Brazil (vaccine 2) were compared to evaluate their efficacy to protect against experimental rabies infection in mice, through the NIH and the CDC potency tests, using these street isolates as challenge virus. There was no statistical significant difference between the efficaccy of both vaccines, when comparing the same potency test and challenge virus strain suggesting no need to produce specific vaccines with street isolates.

The histologic structure of the tubullar seminiferous epithelium and gonadosomatic index averages of domestic quail of the italian variety verified in all the seasons of the year was characterised that the spermatocytogenesis in this bird with a constant rhythm during the spring, the more active phase of the annual testicular cycle, and also the spermatogenesis did not stopped in the winter and summer, respectively. A quiescent phase of the cycle was observed from the beginning to the medium autumn in which the spermatogenesis was incomplete concerning the spermiogenesis, with consequent absence of spermatozoa formation. These features had an annual recurring pattern, which allowed to characterise a circannual cyclic rhythm to the quail's testis concerning to the spermatogenesis kinetics.

The prevalence of infection by the Enzootic Bovine Leukosis virus was determined in dairy cows breed in five micro-regions of Bahia State, comparing the efficiency of three serodiagnostic tests for the detection of antibodies anti Enzootic Bovine Leukosis virus: ELISA test, AGID Immunodiffusion test / gp 51 from foreign origin and AGID Immunodiffusion test / gp 51 produced by the Institute of Technology of Paraná - TECPAR. Seven hundred and ninety-six dairy cattle , from 13 bovine flocks were used. The infection for VLB was detected in every flock, with an prevalence of 41,0%, showing an individual flock value variation between 6,3% (4/64) and 65,8% (25/38). The animals were stratified in six age groups: a) 2 - 6 months; b) 7 - 12 months; c) 13 - 24 months; d) 25 - 48 months; e) 49 - 72 months; f) more than 72 months of age, observing that the indexes of infection in the mentioned groups were 8,8%; 16,9%; 17,7%; 50,8%; 54,4% and 56,5% respectively, showing these indexes increased significantly with age. Were used 434 serum samples were used to evaluate the comparative efficiency of the three serodiagnostic tests, considering ELISA as the standard test. In the comparison between ELISA and IDGA test with antigen of foreign origin, were found a sensibility of 85% and specificity of 80%; a positive predictive value (PPV) of 63% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 93%, with an agreement index of 81%. Comparatively to the ELISA results, IDGA test with antigen of national origin presented a sensibility of 82%, specificity of 93%, PPV of 79% and NPV of 93%, with an agreement index of 85%. The overall results of these studies suggest that IDGA test with antigen of national origin is sufficiently efficient to its use.

O presente estudo realizou uma avaliação genética e ambiental dos efeitos da cor e das características físicas do pelame sobre a produção de leite na primeira lactação de vacas Holandesas manejadas sobre sombra. Os dados são pertencentes a 449 vacas Holandesas e foram analisados pelo método de quadrados mínimos. O método da Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML) foi utilizada para estimar os componentes de variância e covariância sob o modelo Animal. Os resultados mostraram que vacas Holandesas predominantemente brancas tendem a apresentar maior produção de leite do que aquelas predominantemente negras em um ambiente tropical, quando manejadas em free-stall providos de ventilação e aspersão. As características físicas do pelame apresentaram uma associação negativa com a produção de leite, exceto o diâmetro dos pêlos. Essa associação favorece a transferencia de calor através do pelame e, é amplamente favorável em ambientes quentes. As altas estimativas de herdabilidade juntamente com as altas correlações genéticas da produção de leite com aquelas propriedades físicas do pelame é uma evidencia da possibilidade de realizar uma seleção genética para aumento da produção de leite juntamente com uma seleção na direção de um pelame menos denso com pêlos grossos, curtos e assentados.

Were used 240 broilers Ross of both sexes created separately, with objective to measure the loss of corporal weight in broilers in the pre-slaughter in 12 periods of withdrawal with interval of 1 hour between the periods. The birds were distributed in experimental desing completely randomized with a 2 x 12 x 10 factorial (sexes x treatments x repetitions). We chose 10 birds of each sex for each treatment between a minimum weight and a maximum weight. For the males it was certain 3.000 ± 100 grams and for the females 2.400 ± 100 grams. The analysis of the loss of corporal weight demonstrated that there was significant difference (P <0,05) among the treatments, and, when increasing the time of withdrawal, it also increased the weight loss, being that larger percentage for the males when compared with the females.

The present report is a clinical case of surgical repair of atrial septal defect in a dog. This report is aimed at presenting the diagnostic approach as well as the surgical repair using the inflow occlusion technique and later suture of the defect. It is therefore a highly feasible and practicable technique in veterinary medicine, since it does not use extracorporeal circulation.

The validty of a systematic laboratory exam that consists in examining the nervous system of a canine population sample in a given area was anlyzed, as a proper strategy for epidemiological survilance of the rabies virus presence. The analysis was based on the databank of the County of Mogi-Guaçu, SP, Brazil, referring to the historical period between January 1989 and december 1999. During this period 1,167 animals were examined and an immunofluorescence test applied to rabies showed that 130 animals (11.2%) were positive. The sample size for detecting at least one positive animal was calculated by using the formula n = {1-(1-±)1/d } (N - d/2} + 1. Between 1989 and 1994 the size of sample was calculated based on the real number of recorded cases. Between 1995 and 1999, as there were no new cases of canine rabies, the analysis considered a hypothetical presence of a confirmed case. It was also carried out a simulation of the number of rabies cases that should occur so that the sample effectively used by the Rabies Control Service would be able to reveal the presence of at least one positive animal. Results showed that in the period from 1989 to 1994, in when the annual frequecy of canine rabies cases varied from 5 to 75 cases, the ideal size of sample should be from 12,400 to 12,922. In the period from 1995 to 1999, when no canine rabies cases were recorded, the sample size would be from 13,257 to 14,698 if at least one case occurred. Thus, one can understand that in therms of probability, the proposed strategy is not recommended for the epidemiological survilance of rabies virus presence, since the number of animal to be examined is not feasible in real situation.

This study was carried out to determine the pattern of shedding of cryptosporidial oocysts by lambs and their dams kept indoors from lambing to weaning in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. A group of 20 Ile de France ewes in late pregnancy was housed in a facility with concrete floor. The concrete floor was cleaned daily and vigorously washed three times per week. Lambing occurred in August and September/2001. Fecal samples were taken from ewes and lambs on the day of the lambing, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 days after lambing. Samples were processed using a centrifuge-sedimentation technique in ether. Fecal smears were stained with auramine O and by Ziehl-Neelsen modified technique. The overall percentages of fecal samples of lambs and ewes positives for Crypostosporidium oocysts were 26.7% and 31.9%, respectively (P>;0.05). Four of the 20 lambs and two of the 20 ewes did not shed oocysts in any of the faecal samples examined. The highest percentage of positive samples occurred in 4-day-old lambs. In ewes a peak in the percentage of positive samples occurred 4 days after lambing. Despite the relative high rate of animal shedding oocysts in feces, the cryptosporidial infection was asymptomatic in all ewes and lambs.

The branches of the testicular artery in guinea pig were a main capsular artery and some capsular branches with oblique-longitudinal and transverse-longitudinal dispositions, and variable patterns at the lateral and medial surfaces of the testes. Subcapsular branches arose through the proper testicular artery or by the capsular artery and the subcapsular branches emitted: the extralbuginic blood vessels placed between the mesothelium layer and the proper dense albuginea layer of the testis capsule, the intralbuginic vascular vessels characterised by presence of arterial and venous segments inside the myostromal structure of the testis albuginea and the subcapsular and intratesticular sequential vessels which appeared as small arteries and veins, arterioles and venules and capillaries of the capillary trees. The last vessels, mainly the arterioles, venules and capillaries of the testis showed a complex pattern of disposition, in which was viewed parallel and perpendicular vessels concerning to the spatial orientation of the seminiferous tubules.

O efeito das altas temperaturas sobre os animais tem sido extensivamente estudado a fim de se obter a situação ideal de alojamento, com melhor desempenho, tanto produtivo como reprodutivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do resfriamento adiabático associado à ventilação controlada (SRAVC), utilizado no alojamento de matrizes suínas gestantes, no seu desempenho reprodutivo. Foram comparados dois tipos de sistemas SRVC e ventilação natural (Natural). Um total de 144 matrizes Dalland® foram alojadas em duas diferentes estações, verão e inverno, resultando em 4 tratamentos (33 matrizes cada): sistema controlado com ventilação forçada e nebulização durante o verão (SRAVC/Verão); sistema de ventilação natural durante o verão (Natural/Verão); sistema controlado com ventilação forçada e nebulização durante o inverno (SRAVC/Inverno) e sistema de ventilação natural durante o inverno (Natural/Inverno). O sistema era regulado a partir de um termostato onde os ventiladores eram acionados a uma temperatura ambiente de 25ºC e a nebulização a 27ºC, permanecendo ligada por cinco minutos e desligada durante 20 minutos. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros produtivos: número de leitões nascidos vivos (NV), número de mumificados (MF), número de natimortos (NM), peso médio ao nascer (PN), número de leitões desmamados (NLD), peso médio ao desmame (PD) e ganho de peso dos leitões (GP). O sistema SRAVC proporcionou a redução do número de leitões mumificados no plantel, enquanto a estação do ano contribuiu para melhorar no peso ao desmame dos leitões.

Três grupos de camundongos foram imunizados com os seguintes antígenos de Toxocara vitulorum : fluido perientérico (Pe) do parasita adulto, antígenos extrato solúvel bruto (Ex) e excretor/secretor (ES) de larvas infectantes. Estes três grupos foram comparados com o grupo controle, não imunizado. Todos os grupos foram desafiados uma semana após a imunização com ovos infectantes deste parasita e necropsiados em três períodos diferentes após o desafio: sete horas, quatro dias e 30 dias pós-infecção. Realizou-se a contagem de ovos e de larvas nas fezes dos camundongos e o grupo imunizado com antígeno do fluído perientérico (Pe) foi o que eliminou a maior quantidade de larvas. Após a necropsia, realizou-se a retirada do intestino delgado, intestino grosso, fígado, pulmão, coração, cérebro e músculos (diafragma, língua e quadríceps femoral). Estes tecidos sofrearam digestão péptica e as larvas foram identificadas e contadas em cada um deles. O maior número de larvas foi encontrado no intestino grosso no período de sete horas após o desafio, em todos os grupos examinados, porém, este número foi significativamente inferior nos grupos imunizados. Com quatro dias após o desafio, as larvas concentravam-se, preferencialmente, no fígado e pulmões, e os grupos imunizados apresentaram uma quantidade muito menor de larvas, significativo para o fígado e pulmão em relação ao grupo controle. No período de 30 dias após o desafio, as larvas recuperadas no cérebro e no músculo, mesmo que em pequena quantidade, demonstraram capacidade de alcançar estes tecidos. A efetividade desta imunização baseou-se na redução do número de larvas de T. vitulorum no fígado no quarto dia pós-infecção em relação ao controle, que foi de 86%, 79% e 58% para o antígeno Ex, Pe e ES, respectivamente. O camundongo foi considerado um modelo apropriado para estudar a relação parasita-hospedeiro das infecções por T. vitulorum.

The present study was carried out to compare the productive and reproductive aspects of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus (CAEv) antibody-positive and antibody-negative dairy goats. The agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) was performed, using the following antigens from the CAEv: gp135, a glicoprotein and p28, an internal structural protein. A goat herd coming from the contry of São Paulo state was evaluated for 24 months. Three serum tests were performed with intervals of 12 months. The frequency of occurrence of CAE, obtained for the three different moments of observation was 60,1%, 74,1%, 70,5%, respectively, and the total rate was 68.3% (566/829). The percentage of reagents to the CAEv rose significantly as the age grew. The average lactation length (in days) was lower for positive goats, significant values were found for goats of 24 to 36 months and for 36 to 48 months ones. The CAEv antibody-positive goats presented a mean daily milk yield (kg./day) lower than CAEv antibody-positive goats, with significant values for the groups: 12 to 24 months and 48 months or more. The total production for lactation was 21.5% lower for positive goats. The CAE did not influenced the reproductive aspects in this study on first kidding and on kidding interval. However, the average of kidding age was bigger between the reagents, when compared with not reagents, being statistically significant. Also the weight of kids, born from positive goats with age of 48 months or higher, was lower than that of the ones born from negative mothers.