Repositório RCAAP

The height of each of the laminae of the omasum was measured in 40 especimens of adult Nelore cattle (18 females and 22 males). The laminae were classified as of I, II, III, IV and V orders, according to their decreasing height and their average number was calculated as well as the average  number of cycles (a cycle was considered as the group of laminae centralized by a I order lamina). The average height of the I to V order laminae was 21.77 cm, 6.25 cm, 1.72 cm and 0.05 cm, respectively, in males, and 19.65cm, 11.75 cm, 5.93 cm, 1.94 cm and 0.27 cm, in females. Combining the data of females and males the average number of laminae resulted to be thefollowing: 23.23 cm (I order), 24.25 cm (II order), 44.50 cm (III order), 79.68 cm (IV order), and 23.50 cm (V order). The average number of cycles of laminae was 23.23 cm per organ.

Foram utilizados 40 machos e 36 fêmeas de Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911), capturadas no Rio Ribeira de Iguape, Registro - SP, com o objetivo de estudar histologicamente o ciclo reprodutivo desta e s pécie. As gônadas foram caracterizadas macroscopicamente quanto ao volume, a coloração e a vascularização superficial. A seguir as gônadas esquerdas foram amostradas em seu terço médio, o qual foi fixado em liqüido de Bouin e processado segundo técnicas histológicas de rotina. Foram identificados cinco estádios: imaturo, início de maturação, maturação avançada, reprodução e esgotada.

The influence of serum concentration on the results of the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), using the L. biflexa strain Buenos Aires as antigen, was investigated in three experimental groups of swines.The group "A" composed of nine animals was the control. The group "B" composed of ten animals had its water supply contaminated with the L. biflexa strain during the first three experimental days. The group "C" composed of ten animals was inoculated with a virulent strain of L. interrogans serovar pomona by the intraperitonial route. The blood collections were obtained on the experimental days 5th , 15th , 30th ,39th and 51st . The serum dilutions tested were: 1:10; 1:20; 1:40; 1:80 and 1:100. The amounts of negative results in group "A" represented the specificity of the test and the amounts of positive results in group"C" the sensitivity. The results showed that when the concentration of the serum increases there was also an increase in its sensitivity but there was a decrease in its specificity. The best results of both of these characteristics were 60% at the serum dilution of 1 :20

Blood samples from 106 stray dogs of São Paulo City were examined to detect Babesia canis. Rosenfeld stained blood smears and the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) were the techniques used for diagnosis. The first technique showed that 10.3% of the animals were infected and the latter revealed 42.4% of seropositive dogs. Titers in the IFAT ranged from 1:10 to 1:2560, and the most frequent titer was 1:40. The IFAT demonstrated a relatively high sensibility and high specificity, revealing to be a dependable method for epidemiological surveying.

Yellowness is a color alteration that can bring to the arrestment of the carcasses. In a sampling of 185 swine carcasses showing yellowness at inspection, without any other evident lesion, two confirmative procedures were made: cooling and the REMINGTON-FOURRI6 examination. The results showed that 158 carcasses remained ‘'yellow" following the cooling treatment, while 118 carcasses were considered icteric after the Remington-Fourrife examination. This shows the efficiency of the second test in confirming icterus in carcasses. Considering these results, a routine physicochemical examination is recommended.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the kidney morphological alterations as consequence of hemoglobinemia. Four male and three female goats were treated with homologous hemolysed blood in an amount of 15 ml/kg/body weight. Blood samples were collected from each animal, submitted to mechanical rupture of red blood cells by freezing process and after from 48 hours collection, were given to the same goat. One of the goat was sacrificed 48 hours after blood sample collection, without receiving any treatment and three other were killed at 3, 9 and 24 hours after being treated with hemolysed blood. The remaining three goats were killed 96 hours after being given the treatment. Kidney fragments were stained by hematoxilin and eosin, alizarine and PAS methods.  Histopathologic alterations were observed as early as 3 hours after the adninistration of hemolysed and remained until 24 hours, when the lesions showed to be progressively more severe. The lesions werecharacterized mainly by the presence of proteic droplets, within tubular cells, hemoglobin casts and tubular regenerations (Microvilli destruction). Signs of tubular regenerations were observed in the specimen from the animals killed at 96 hours.

In order to evaluate the effects of hemoglobinemia on renal function, urinalysis, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine tests were done onthirty two goats submitted to a treatment with hemolysed blood. Blood samples were collected from five animals of the first group in an amount of 5 ml/kg of body weight, submitted to mechanical rupture by freezing and 2 days later, given to the same animal by intravenous route. The second and third groups were each consisted by five goats; 10 ml/kg/BU blood samples were collected from goats of the group II and 15 ml/kg/BW blood samples from group III animals and afterward submitted to the same procedure as done in group I. Animal of the group IV were submitted to intravenous adninistration of 2.5 ml hemolysed blood/kg/BW every other day for 8 days, following a single collection of 10 ml/kg/BU in the first day. Urinalysis revealed glucosuria, hemoglobinuria and isosthenuria, but no alterations were found in the blood urea nitrogen and serun creatinine levels throughout the experiment.

The objective of the present work was to use equine pericardiun preserved in glycerin as an implant to correct diaphragmatic lesions in adult mongrel dogs. After laparotomy, a 4 x 4 cm fragment of the muscular coat of the diaphragma was resected; afterwards the lesion was occluded by an implant of pericardium through a festoned suture using chromic catgut 3-0. The dogs did well during the post-operative period, with no signs of respiratory restriction. The animals (5/group) were sacrificed 7, 15, 30, 45and 60 days post-surgery. At the autopsy, the findings of the diaphragma and surrounding tissues were noted and fragments were taken for histopathology. Grossly the implant occluded completely the induced lesion, was adhered to the liver and pericardium and decreased in size without interfering with the diaphragma elasticity. At the histology, there was an initial phase (day 7 and 15) characterized by an acute inflammatory response followed by a reparative process ending up with the appearance of newly formed fibrous membrane which totally replaced the former muscular coat. The present procedure seems to be an adequatetechnique to repair diaphragmatic lesions in small animals. In addition, it employs a material which is non-expensive and easy to obtain, to keep and to apply.

Excretory urography using sodium diatrizoate was performed in 144 dogs and in 14 cats clinically suspects of having urinary disorders. The purpose of the present study' is to evaluate at which time following the injection of the contrast mediun, the radiographic alterations were better visualized,making possible the diagnosis of these disorders. In this study the best visualizations were found in a higher frequency, either in renal or urinary bladder alterations, after 15 minutes following the injection of the contrast mediun.

Empregou-se a urografia excretora em 256 cães e 21 gatos, clinicamente suspeitos de apresentarem patologias em órgãos abdominais, excetuando os do sistema urinário. Verificou-se que os aunentos de volume de fígado, baço, útero, próstata e as tumorações da cavidade abdominal, mostram-sedensificados pelo contraste à base de diatrizoato de sódio, sendo que as maiores freqüências de melhores evidenciações destas alterações, ocorreram após 15 minutos da injeção. Estas observações ampliaram consideravelmente as possibilidades diagnósticas.

In search of national values for goat biochemical components, calciun, phosphorus, magnesiun, total protein, albunin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose, creatinin, urea and uric acid standard blood values were determined. An attempt to correlate age to these values was tried, which showed that young animals have higher glucose and uric acid serun values, and that adult animals have higher total protein, globulin and urea. Calciun, phosphorus,magnesiun, albumin, cholesterol and creatinin mean values were not influenced by age. All parameters were statistically analysed.

This paper reports an outbreak of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) occuring in broiler chickens derivated from immunized breeders, housed in four neighbouring poultry farms and having a vaccinated or unvaccinated status to IBD virus. High mortality, bad performance and occurence of miscellaneous infections were the main field findings. IBD was experimentally reproduced in SPF and commercial chickens by 8ursa of Fabricius homogenate inoculation. IBDV - antibodies and virus particles (33 to 38 nm) were detected in the experimentally inoculated birds.

The authors describe the procedures concerning bovine embryo microsurgery to produce identical twin and then they examine the results obtained by the transfer in the recipients. The transplantation was carried out immediately after the micromanipulation, also after 36 h in culture. The pregnancy rate was 40% and 72% respectively.

Six crossbred steers (300 kg live weight), with ruminal fistula, received the following treatments: A) full fat soybeans; B) full fat soybeans, roasted; and C) soybean meal, as protein sources in a ration with 50% concentrates: 50%roughage (.Brachiaria decumbens hay). Statistical design was a "change-over" with periods of 28 days; on day 28 after feeding rumen liquor was collected and the protozoa concentration per ml determined. The concentration for treatment A was 633.2 x 10³ per ml, treatment B was 492.9 x 10³ per ml, and treatment C was 407.5 x 10³ per ml. These means were significantly different (p 0.05). Results are also reported for concentration by genus of protozoa in Entodinium, Diplodinium, Eudiplodinium, Epidinium, Pofyplastron, Isotrichaand Dasytricha.

Revisão a respeito da drenagem linfática do membro anterior em Dasypus novemcinctus novemcinctus. Foram utilizados 15 tatus, clinicamente sãos, de ambos os sexos, capturados no Nordeste Argentino e injetados segundo o método da "Pasta de Gerota Modificada". A punção foi realizada no quarto dedo tanto medial quanto lateralmente, na zona interfalangiana e de ambos os lados da glândula mamária peitoral esquerda. As dissecações clássicas foram realizadas utilizando se microscópio de cirurgia tipo Varimex. As fotomicrografias foram tomadas com auxílio de microscópio tipo Zeiss. A análise exaustiva da região do membro torácico levou-nos às seguintes conclusões: o percurso linfático se efetuava desde a extremidade distai da região injetada até o linfonodo axilar, deste partindo 2 a 3 vasos linfáticos eferentes que se projetavam no linfonodo inguinofemoral superficial. 0 linfonodo situado junto à borda caudal da escápula (descrito pela primeira vez) recebia vaso linfático eferente do linfonodo cervical superficial e outro vaso linfático eferente que se projetava em direção ao linfonodo axilar.

Biomass of photosyntethesizing microorganisms has a tremendous potential for both human and animal feeding due to their over 50% protein content on a dry matter basis. Cultures kept in laboratory require an artificial source of light for their satisfactory growth whereas the large scale production systems take advantage of solar light. Thus, these systems are also afected by environmental conditions such as ambiental temperature, culture temperature, relative humidity of air and rainfall.The effect of these factors in winter season on production of Spirulina maxima biomass were evaluated. Also protein content as well as amino acids profile were determined. A biomass production graph plotted againstperiod of day (morning, afternoon and evening) indicated that the best production period was from 8:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. while a growth curve showed maximum yield of 8:08 g/square meter/day. Lack of rainfall and water losses due to evaporation required reposition of water equivalent to 72.14 mm of rain.

Os resultados obtidos com o estudo de 50 diafragmas de eqüinos sem raça definida, retirados de 25 machos e 25 fêmeas, jovens e adultos, oriundos do abatedouro "Avante", Araguari - Minas Gerais, permitiram-nos chegar às seguintes conclusões: 1) os nervos frênicos fornecem o ramo ventral e o tronco laterodorsal (84%) à direita e (10%) à esquerda, o ramo dorsal e o tronco lateroventral (80%) à esquerda e (4%) à direita, encontrando-se, ainda, origem simultânea dos ramos dorsal, lateral e ventral (12%) à direita e (10%) à esquerda; 2) os nervos frênicos direito e esquerdo comportam-se simetricamente (18%) quando fornecem tronco laterodorsal e ramo ventral (10%), ramo dorsal e tronco lateroventral esimultaneamente os ramos dorsais, laterais e ventrais (4%); 3) os ramos dorsais dos nervos frênicos, em todas as preparações, tanto à direita como à esquerda, distribuem-se na parte lombar (pilar mediai e lateral)do lado correspondente, fornecendo, ainda, o ramo dorsal direito para o folfolo dorsal direito, um filete nervoso (20%), dois filetes nervosos (2%) e para o centro tendíneo, um filete nervoso (2%), cedendo ainda o ramo dorsal esquerdo em todos os casos (100%) um filete nervoso para o pilar mediai direito, para o folfolo dorsal esquerdo um filete nervoso (6%), dois filetes nervosos (4%) e 4 filetes nervosos (2%); 4) os ramos laterais dos nervos frênicos, em todas as preparações, tanto à direita como à  esquerda, distribuem-se na parte costal mais exatamente na região laterodorsal do lado correspondente, fornecendo, ainda, o ramo lateral direito para o folfolo dorsal direito, um filete nervoso (12%), dois filetes nervosos (6%), três filetes nervosos (2%) e um filete nervoso para o pilar lateral direito (4%), cedenao o ramo lateral esquerdo para o folfolo dorsalesquerdo um filete nervoso (16%) e dois filetes nervosos (4%); 5) os ramos ventrais dos nervos frênicos, em todas as preparações, tanto à direita como à esquerda, distribuem-se às regiões lateroventral da parte costal e esternal do lado correspondente, fornecendo ainda, o ramo ventral direito para o centro tendíneo, um filete nervoso (6%), em direção à veia cava caudal, um filete nervoso (4%) e para o folfolo ventral direito, um filete nervoso (2%); 6) conexões (anastomoses) homolaterais aparecem (20%) isto é, (12%) à direita e (4%) à esquerda entre os ramos dorsais e laterais correspondentes, e (2%) entre os ramos dorsal e lateral direito e dorsal e lateral esquerdo enquanto conexões heterolaterais surgem apenas (2%) entre os ramos dorsais direito e esquerdo; 7) a análise não revelou diferenças significantes ao nível de  5% quanto ao sexo, quando confrontamos em eqüinos sem raça definida as diferentes modalidades de ramificação dos nervos frênicos, o mesmo ocorrendo quando comparamos os resultados ora obtidos com os  registrados para os eqüinos Puro Sangue Inglês.

Serim biochemistry abnormalities were studied in naturally occuring leptospirosis in dogs in order to establish an useful profile for diagnostic purpose. The dogs were grouped according to clinical manifestations. Group I was comprised by 65 uremic and icteric dogs, reagents to serovar copenhagem and/or icterohaemorrhagiae and the second group by 15 non icteric but uremic dogs, most of them reagents to serovar camcola. The third group was comprised by 8 asymptomatic dogs that had been in contact with group I or group II dogs and presented antileptospira agglutinins against serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, copenhageni or camcola. Biochemical abnormalities observed were related to injured organs such as liver or kidney with no correlation to the infectious serovar. Thus, yperazotemia and hypercreatinemia were found in dogs with renal injury in both group I and II whereas hyperbiIirrubinemia and hyperphosphatasemia were signs of intrahepatic cholestasis due to an hepatic injury. Normal or mild increase in serum ALT and AST levels revealed minimal hepatocellular necrosis with none or almost none release of intracytoplasmatic enzymes to the blood stream and allowed to differentiate leptospirosis from other inflanmatory liver diseases.

The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in dogs from the State of S.o Paulo was investigated by the fresh drop of blood method  and by the modified Knott technique.A total number of 511 blood samples were collected from, mixed and pure breed, adult dogs brought to the Veterinary Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of S.o Paulo, or from private offices and from the coast-city Ubatuba. After performing both tests, the following data were obtained: 80 (15.65%) samples were positive for microfilariae, among them, 45 (8 .8%) were positive for D. immitis microfilariae; 33 (6.45%) were positive for Dipetalonema sp. microfilariae and 2 (0.39%) were positive for both of them. It could be concluded that the prevalence of canine dirofilariasis in the State of S.o Paulo has increased during the past 10 years if compared to a previous study with revealed a prevalence of 0.5% (1/226).

A positividade, para raiva, dos materiais cerebrais procedentes de camundongos, foi avaliada comparativamente através das reações de Imunofluorescência Direta (IFD) e Imunoperoxidase Direta (IPD), inoculando-se com vírus rábico de rua, sessenta (60) camundongos jovens pela via intracerebral. Sacrificaram-se trinta (30) dos inoculados em fase assintomática e os demais trinta (30) em fase agônica. No grupo de animais assintomáticos, obteve-se um percentual de 83,3% de positividade com a IPD e 86,6% com a IFD, em materiais cerebrais correspondentes aos mesmos animais. Nos materiais obtidos de animais sacrificados em fase agônica, os resultados foram 100% positivos em ambas as provas. Os resultados demonstraram que a IFD apresentou uma sensibilidade aparentemente superior à da IPD na detecção do antígeno rábico.