Repositório RCAAP

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La adopción de nuevas tecnologias en el proceso de diseño há jugado un papel clave em la arquitectura contemporánea. Esto há llevado a los enseñadores para tratar de conocer los procesos cognitivos implicados en el diseño de aprendizaje. Este artículo es un estudio de caso de la disciplina Responsive Architecture enseñada por el arquitecta Anne Save de Beaurecueil en Unicamp. El curso incluye un intenso uso de métodos computacionales para la generación, representación y proyecto. El propósito de este artículo es describir el método utilizado en esta disciplina, a partir de la observación de las actividades, la contextualización en el escenario de los nuevos estudios de arquitectura y su impacto en la enseñanza en las escuelas de excelencia internacional. Por último, hay similitudes en el método para la inclusión de las nuevas tecnologías con las prácticas pedagógicas actuales en la enseñanza de arquitectura.

Esta investigación se prepone remontar una hipótesis, establecida en las escrituras del arquitecto italiano Ernesto Nathan Rogers (1909-1969), de eso, a través de la construcción de las arquitecturas que si caracterice por la preocupación con su inserción correcta en el lugar, ellos buscan en preexistencias ambientales su comienzo, manera y final mientras construcciones pautadas en reglas sostenibles. Por tanto, es necesario que se amplíe el concepto presentado por Rogers, marcadamente que trata el ambiente (o el ambiental) como resultado de acumulaciones culturales e históricos, que más natural, llevándolo a las discusiones contemporáneas en el medio ambiente como lugar, que agrega valores climáticos y naturales, con fines sostenible para la arquitectura y su entorno urbano.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo difundir los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas en proyectos residenciales no construidos por el arquitecto João Batista Vilanova Artigas (1915-1985), en Sao Paulo. El propósito de la investigación es contribuir al análisis de los 39 proyectos que no fueron construidas por la integración de este nuevo conocimiento para el conjunto del trabajo ya arquitecto muy conocido, que la obra se construye. Organizamos y clasificamos estés proyectos por Tipos Formales para el análisis distintos y comparativo. A partir de este organización por Tipos, se identificó las partes y características importantes del diseño arquitectónico. La investigación de los espacios internos de las residencias se realizó mediante dibujos esquemáticos y modelos, lo que permite visualizar la conexión espacial entre los espacios de los diferentes sectores. Los modelos se construyeron a partir de los diseños de fabricación computacional y digital por corte a láser. Tomamos nota de que la metodología adoptada en esta investigación contribuye al estudio de los proyectos no construidos, análisis, interpretación, síntesis y evaluación.

Es relativamente acepto, entre diversos autores, que trabajos teóricos de Rem Koolhaas tratan de problemas importantes para las grandes ciudades, embora su postura sea considerada controversa. Sin tratar de resolver las disputas acerca de la posición actual del arquitecto holandés, este trabajo se remonta a los primeros textos de Koolhaas con el fin de identificar en su discurso ambivalente acerca de la modernidad de Nueva York, cuestiones importantes para la teoría de la arquitectura del último cuarto del siglo 20. En mi perspectiva, esto implica tener en cuenta la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo este relato es capaz o no de dilucidar las características de la cultura urbana de las ciudades bajo esquemas de modernización ultraliberales? O trabajo se divide en dos fases. En la primera analiso textos de Koolhaas sobre el tema, destacando los siguientes puntos: i) la trama urbana como “especulación” en ambas direcciones, con el fin de racionalizar el suelo urbano con fines especulativos, sino también como un impulso al proyecto de la naturaleza existente y ii) el rascacielos neoyorquino entendida en sus diferentes aspectos: como ciudades dentro de la ciudad, tales como la extrusión de las fuerzas contradictorias de la metrópoli; iii) Rockefeller Center como experiencia arquitectónica colectiva y mayor realización do urbanismo novaiorquino. Por fin, expongo la posición ambivalente de Koolhaas ante los acontecimientos narrados. En lo segundo momento, analizo las perspectivas de Hal Foster y Fredric Jameson sobre la posición de Koolhaas, señalando puntos que los autores consideran como contribuciones de la obra del arquitecto holandés.

After more than twenty years after the death of the Italian architect, a naturalized Brazilian, Achillina di Enrico Bo Bardi (Lina Bo), his work is still present and increasing interest of artists, architects and researchers, national and international. The recent exhibition, “The inside is outside, at Casa de Vidro, the swiss curator Hans Ulrich Obrist, and “Sesc Pompeia: 30 years” with the reissue of “Tower of freedom: Lina Bo Bardi and Sesc Pompeia” ; the books “Subtle substances Architecture” by O.Oliveira due doctoral research on the work of architect and “Lina writing: selected works of Lina Bo Bardi”, organized by S.Rubino and M.Grinover, or also the name of the architect mentioned seven times in the preface to the book J.M.Montaner “Brazil: architecture after 1950”, confirm the interest and indicate that much remains to be investigated in their work of criticism, design, scenography and architecture, filled with artistic subjectivity, ideals and philosophy background. Among his architectural works, Casa Valeria Cirell, 1958, in São Paulo, deserves special attention, although it is less remembered than the MASP and SESC Pompeia, two examples of success with audiences and criticism. This article aims to analyze the house and its close relationship with the national-popular concept in order to illuminate both the understanding of the work, which is a exemplar of her alternative Arquitetura to the status quo, as well as other activities of architect, being closely related to the transformations sociocultural and the “philosophy of praxis” of Antonio Gramsci.

En este trabajo se presenta un informe elaborado a partir de un trabajo de campo, en lo cual se visitaron y analizaron algunas experiencias de arquitectura y urbanismo desarrolladas a lo largo de la Cuenca Matanza - Riachuelo, en la región periférica de Buenos Aires.

It deals with the role and importance achieved by the Institute for Rational Organization of Labor (IDORT), founded in São Paulo in 1931, in the dissemination of notions of rationality and efficiency in housing between brazilian groups of technicians and entrepreneurs. Highlights the IDORT´s efforts in search inspiration and synchrony with international debates and achievements, assuming the role as instrument for the dissemination of these experiences and reflection about them. Investigates the different approaches by which the housing subject appears in the review on a group of articles relating to international experiences in urban planning, architectural design, interior layout, standardization of materials and building components, organization of housework, improving building´s infrastructure, State action and strategies for financing the construction. It shows how this ensemble of articles compose a comprehensive view of the issue of the search for rationalization and efficiency in housing, addressing actions and discussions from different perspectives in terms of scale of intervention in space, processes and agents involved. Taking into account the scope of the approach of the dwelling by IDORT´s periodic and the influence of its readers in business, technical and administrative groups, the article intends to show that the agency and its official publication had an important role during the period discussed in the course of the debates and achievements in economic housing in Brazil.

São Paulo of Piratininga, as Brazil, was born under the symbol of the cross. During the first decades of the 1500s, there were few places that offered so much abundance as the region inhabited by the tupiniquim indians, called Fields of Piratininga, which means “dried fishes”. The reference point of the oldest catholic settlements was the mother church, from which the new cities emerged. Inaugurated on January 25th 1954, at the fourth centenary of the foundation of the city of São Paulo, the Cathedral of Sé, built predominantly in gothic style, is a historical, religious and social symbol. Its architecture holds the beliefs of the people and the square in front of it is the scene of popular demonstrations. The verticality and the light provided by its colorful glass windows, typical features of gothic structures, seek to create an atmosphere of ascension towards heaven. This style is only broken by the presence of an unusual structural element in buildings with this architecture: a renaissance dome. In 1934, the square of the church became the zero mile marker of the city. In the 70s, it received a subway station. In the Cathedral, monuments, like the statue of Padre Anchieta, are present. It is also a meeting place for the unemployed. And right in front of this public area is the Cathedral, built next to Praça João Mendes. This article presents some historical and architectural aspects that have led to the construction of the current mother church of the city: the Cathedral of Sé. Previous buildings are presented and the motivations of its construction, especially the architectural ones are highlighted, in order to help the enrichment of the history of the city of Sao Paulo.

The production of gilded sculpture in Minas Gerais in the 18th century was possible due to the presence of Portuguese craftsmen who came to Brazil from different regions Portugal, searching for good opportunities of architecture and ornamentation works in the church which were built in Minas Gerais. Architects, Woodcarvers and other professionals who dedicated to arts and crafts were responsible to produce the gilded sculpture, needed ornaments to let the churches able to shelter the faith of a population in the middle of formation. These same men were also responsible to bring artistic innovations from the Baroque Europe inside the Minas Gerais’ churches and use them according to the local conditions which were different from the European context. However, it’s not very known how the architecture and ornamentation patterns spread in the Minas Gerais County, but the discovery of José Coelho de Noronha’s small library opens new possibilities to debate this subject end suggests that architecture treatises were very used there in the 18th century. This article talks over the possibility of some of José de Coelho Noronha’s books could be Andrea Pozzo’s architecture treatise, which were widely accepted and known in European Artistic world and certainly reflected in the Minas Gerais County.

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