Repositório RCAAP

This paper is an adaptation of a research proposal when a major change of perspective occurred from the analysis of the production of built environments that of the production of space - in a lefebvrian conception - which is based not solely on the critique of econom y but also on the critique of politics, culture, everydaylife and urbanism and therefore can be useful to clarify the natural and social dimensions of space and landscape

This paper examines the hypothesis that the original plans for the region Norte Novo do Paraná (newly settled northern region of Paraná State) and for the two main cites located there, Londrina and Maringá, show the influence of the Garden Cities Model as idealized by Howard and designed by Unwin, Park and Soissons. It analyses the possibility of the supposed influence being due to the fact that the colonization was undertaken by British capital. The article is divided into four parts, in addition to the introduction: the first explaining the Garden Cities model, the second providing a short history of the colonization of the region, the third discussing the original plans for the two cities, and the final posing, as a general feature, the dubious nature which foreign cultural traits acquire in their integration into the Brazilian society

This paper deals with cartographic imprécisions which add to others found in the first registers of the 16th century about life in the new South American colonies. The introduction shows historical, geographical and representational inaccuracies concerning the Indian settlements in the area of present-day state of São Paulo. In the second part, issues of cartographic techniques are discussed in relation to problems of misun derstn ding navigational instruments, such as that of reading the "needle direction" attention being especially paid to the imprecision of longitudinal measurement. In the third part, evidences of the difficulties in determining longitude are collected in cartographical interpretation disputes between Portugal and Spain up to 1750. At that time , longitudinal imprecision in maps and geopolitical interests were combined. The conclusion shows that it was for that reason that power of colonial administration was based on the urban form s of territorial occupation, which changed after 1750 a ccording to the new colonial interests

Os apontamentos aqui apresentados abordam a “colonização voluntária" em preendida por imigrantes norte-americanos a partir da metade do século 19, em sua maioria composta por missionários e sulistas vitima dos pela Guerra de Secessão. Esses pioneiros pretendiam difundira doutrina presbiteria na em nosso território. o texto também aborda a “colonização silenciosa" empreendida, menos de um século depois, no pós-guerra, pelos produtos industriais norte-americanos, que verdadeiramente consagram a doutrina do capitalismo industrial dependente no Brasil (centrado em São Paulo). Neste sentido, analisa-se o histórico de quatro empresas de eletrodomésticos instaladas no país nessa ocasião, procurando assim contemplara questão da dependência tecnológica e a do style norte-americano como doutrina estética

This article presents a historical view of prison establishments in Brazil and introduces innovative architectural projects designed by the author for the penitentia ry system of the state of São Paulo. The text is part of a thesis fo r the Livre Docência (free docency) university examinations

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This paper was presented in the Symposium Cities, Citizens and Citizenship in the Globalized Society, organized by the University of Porto Rico, in 2000. Its theoretical approach originally analyzed the transformation in the spatial representations of contemporary Western cities as cities of difference, in the context of American cities. This framework offers the possibility to also think about the situation of Brazilian metropolises. The claim for political acknowledgement of alterity must be seen as part of the practice of democracy and of the redefiniton of the role of citizenship and its important relationship to urban spaces.The argumentation is based on two contemporary approaches. On the one hand, the relationship between city and citizenship has to be reviewed according to the transformation of global geographic boundaries, and the traditional role of nation-states and cities in the definition of rights of membership. On the other hand, the exercise of a politics of difference must foster the revision of democratic participation, through the dialogic practice of dissensus which opens up a possibility to better problematizes difference in the production of urban spaces

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de doutorado que avalia o impacto dos mecanismos de descentralização institucionalizados a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, no padrão de planejamento e gestão dos municípios com população inferior a 10.000 habitantes da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Partindo das condições básicas para a efetivação de um processo de descentralização intergovernamental, toma como critérios de análise o efeito dos mecanismos de descentralização fiscal na capacidade financeira dos municípios, o papel dos conselhos municipais na ampliação da participação popular na gestão e no planejamento municipal e a organização das prefeituras para a municipalização

This article was created based on researches realized to obtain the doctor degree. The main informations came from interviews and local newspapers which open possibilities to understand the actions and the changes that had happened in the work field of the land agents during the implementation of the urban plan called Plano de Urbanização de Curitiba. As building grows in the city of Curitiba, it appears different kinds of land investiments and land use inducing the agents to further behaviours. They could act freeely in the market since there was no land policy or professional regulamentations

This work presents a phd thesis about a methodological proposal for the improvement of projects and works for up-grading urban conditions of favelas in Brasil. The illegal settlement phenomenon is posed as one of the housing alternatives of the poor population of many peripheral countries, even the understood, including Brazil, among the emergent. Official policies on favelas in Brazil are centred to this thesis which also studies the origins and the growth of favelas, the development of relevant public policies and the access of favela dwellers to public services, as rights, within a case history of the São Paulo municipality. The historically and socially constructed transformation, of public policies and projects developed for favelas are presented, in the context of Brazilian experience, specially São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. The process of the development of methods of intervention and paradigms of urban settlement and design are considered, since 1940. Study cases on appraisal of urbanization works of favelas, in terms of build projects, are presented, based on coletive empirical research developed in 1999. The social, urban and environmental adequacy of favela programmes is discussed. On the basis of research findings, the question of the landscape aesthetics of urbanized favelas is also discussed, focusing on the specific spacial qualities resulting from the design solutions. The central focus of the thesis is a contribution for the improvement of projects and construction in favelas, as a social and spatial wideness of the response to one of glaring inequities of Brazilian urbanization

0 objeto deste trabalho são os microclimas urbanos nas cidades brasileiras na região de clima tropical continental. Partindo do princípio que há uma correlação entre microclimas urbanos e ocupação do solo, 0 objetivo é medir numericamente a correlação entre a temperatura do ar e algumas variáveis familiares ao planejamento, e que podem ser regulamentadas pela legislação municipal. Faz-se uma descrição qualitativa e quantitativa das variáveis urbanísticas envolvidas, bem como medições de temperatura e umidade do ar em diferentes estações e horários. Os resultados mostram que as variáveis taxa de ocupação e coeficiente de aproveitamento mantêm correlação positiva com a temperatura do ar, e refletem uma maior influência da densidade construída sobre 0 período noturno, 0 que concorda com a teoria existente. Já com as variáveis arborização e água a correlação foi negativa em relação à temperatura do ar, em todos os horários

The present paper intends to contribute to the discussion of the limits and meaning of the modern movement in Brazil, through the presentation of examples of the architecture commonly practised in São Paulo in the decades of 1930 and 1940 - the years of the definite establishment of modern architecture among us, according to most of the available bibliography about the history of Brazilian architecture in the 20th century. Although such examples eventually show similarities with modernism - and are even so denominated by their own authors - they are far from being fully modern, as we will attempt to demonstrate. In fact, extensive research carried out in the architecture magazine Acrópole for the development of our PhD thesis showed the ambiguity and lack of precision in the use of the term "modern architecture” frequently employed in reference to projects published therein. Another attitude that to have been rather usual at the time is the equivalence of modern architecture to any of the styles then available - which clearly denotes the absence of commitment to modern movement ideals on the part of the majority of São Paulo architects in the referred years

The main concern of the text is to discuss the use of manufacturing techniques by architecture and to think about the effects of this upon the city. The discussion attempts to establish a relationship between the techniques of industrial design and architecture, focussing the latter within a framework that is typical of the manufacturing industry. We talk about the idea of production in the city, trying to show that its design is a consequence of the products that are imposed upon the city and not of those generated by its needs. We describe in this way the influence of the automotive vehicles in the design of the cities and about the need to create limitations to their urban use. Data about the importance of the construction industry are surveyed and this sector is compared to the automobile industry in terms of vitality and relative importance. The text ends with an analysis of the topic of mobility, a feature of industrial products. Mobility of buildings may become an important element of urban innovation and may transform the city in a consequence of its own production

Levantando as considerações preliminares da verticalidade, este trabalho coloca a polêmica que dita a inevitabilidade dos edifícios altos em centros urbanos, contextualizando o edifício alto ao longo da evolução da cultura arquitetônica. A história dos edifícios altos ao longo do século 20 foi acompanhada de ciclos econômicos marcados por períodos de crises e ascensões ao redor do mundo, partindo do continente americano nos anos 30, e alcançando a Ásia no final de década de 90. Extrapolando os limites físicos da torre, são ressaltados os efeitos sobre a economia. Certamente, a construção de torres e edifícios altos, mesmo antes da era medieval, e a realização dos arranha-céus da primeira metade do século, assim como a dos edifícios altos do modernismo e, finalmente, a conquista das torres superaltas das últimas décadas do século 20, carregam um desejo que ultrapassa a busca do lucro sobre a especulação do metro quadrado

This text presents the reality of the rural school in the state of São Paulo. It points out the need for its reconstruction in order to provide the kind of school education demanded by the present rural laborer (who lives and who derives from the agrarian reform) in face of the present requirements of the labor market. The present architectural program and specification of materials in use at urban and rural state schools must be reassessed. This is necessary in order to adequate then to the present pedagogical program. In sequence the text shows the need to foster an architectural program which considers the difference of rural schools in regard to its isolation features. Finally, there is a discussion as to the need for reformulating the concept of school