Repositório RCAAP

O estudo investiga a perspectiva de adolescentes e jovens acerca de suas concepções de saúde e doença mental. Compreende-se que o processo de construção da saúde-doença é influenciado pela perspectiva individual, familiar e sociocultural. Participaram do estudo 1163 jovens de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 15,84 anos. Utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário autoaplicável, formulado em estudo anterior com jovens suíços de língua portuguesa. Investigaram-se as concepções de saúde e doença mental, dentre outros aspectos do tema. Nos resultados, observaram-se aspectos da visão holística e do modelo tradicional de saúde mental. A doença mental foi caracterizada como uma desordem emocional, revelando a influência das experiências internas e relacionais na concepção de adoecimento mental. Diferenças de nível socioeconômico foram observadas nas concepções de saúde e doença mental.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2017.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Pós-Graduação em Geologia, 2017.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade e Gestão de Políticas Públicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis, 2017.

Nina Rausch de Traubenberg nasceu em 1920, na Finlândia e faleceu em 07 de abril de 2013, em Paris. Neste manuscrito rendemos nossa homenagem a essa grande dama do ensino e da prática do teste de Rorschach, de importância fundamental no fortalecimento e desenvolvimento da área. Nina Rausch de Traubenberg na presidência das Société Internationale du Rorschach e da Société du Rorschach et des Méthodes Projectives de Langue Française contribui com a divulgação internacional do método de Rorschach, e tem uma importante atuação política na área das provas projetivas. Atuando na função de professora e presidente de uma associação científica forma muitos profissionais da área e tem uma atuação expressiva como pesquisadora. Sua obra contempla estudos com métodos projetivos envolvendo diferentes grupos clínicos de crianças e adultos, psicopatologias, estudos sobre a representação de si e a identidade, desenvolvimentos técnicos e teóricos concernentes à dinâmica afetiva no Rorschach. Um dos aspectos principais dos seus desenvolvimentos teóricos, particularmente oriundo dos estudos clínicos com crianças e com psicopatologias graves, refere-se a particularidade de definição do método de Rorschach como um espaço de encontro e de interações, entre a atividade perceptiva e a atividade fantasmática,ou seja, entre a realidade externa do objeto conhecido e a realidade interna do objeto vivenciado. Em suma, Nina Traubenberg pela sua expressiva contribuição teórica e clínica é reconhecidamente uma referência fundamental para o estudo dos métodos projetivos.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2017.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, 2006.

Considerando a violência como sendo o exercício da força sem levar em consideração alguém ou alguma coisa, pode-se afirmar que a adolescência é um período caracterizado por aspectos violentos. Não somente no que se refere aos casos de atuação desta, como também pela violência interna pubertária. O adolescente se vê diante de mudanças corporais, sociais e psíquicas. O corpo, outrora infantil e familiar, agora é púbere e estranho. Há também a revivescência do Complexo de Édipo e, como nos mostra Freud, a forma de lidar com o incesto é uma forma de lidar com a lei. Observam-se, ainda, falhas ansiogênicas no quadro de referência que poderá ser buscado pela via da atuação em outro lugar. Nesta pesquisa multimetodológica com abordagem qualitativa, foram realizados grupos focais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com adolescentes em situação de internação, de liberdade assistida e semiliberdade. Constatou-se que a violência protagonizada pelos adolescentes revela, principalmente, sua forma de defesa perante uma vivência de traumatismos e angústias. Providenciar suporte e apoio a estes adolescentes pode ajudá-los a se sentir mais seguros e, assim, diminuir a violência atuada por eles. A escola e as instituições de referência podem se constituir em um vínculo fundamental, instaurador de reflexão construtiva acerca das relações e dos atos cometidos.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Processos Psicológicos Básicos, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências do Comportamento, 2017.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Serviço Social, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Política Social, 2017.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Mestrado Profissional em Economia, 2017.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, 2017.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, 2017.

Background: Scorpionism is a serious public health problem in Brazil. Nationwide epidemiological analyses of scorpion stings are scarce. In this context, the present study aims to provide an epidemiological analysis of accidents involving scorpions in Brazil. Methods: An analytical epidemiological study of the scorpion accidents reported in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) was conducted from 2000 to 2012 in Brazil. Results: During this period, 482,616 accidents and 728 deaths were reported. The annual average incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants were 19.6 and 0.030, respectively, with annual average lethality rate of 0.16%. The highest accident frequency was recorded in male subjects, aged 20–49 years, from September to December and in urban areas, except in the northern region of the country, where accidents were most frequent in June and July, and in rural areas. Males up to age 9 and rural areas were defined as an age group and area for greatest death risk, respectively. Conclusions: Scorpionism in Brazil is a predominantly urban health problem that mostly affects people at an economically active age. The Northeast and Southeast hold the majority of cases and deaths, as well as the highest annual incidence and mortality averages, but the Central West and North presented the highest average annual lethality rates. The epidemiological changes described in this study highlight the need for intensifying health surveillance actions to prevent scorpion accidents in Brazil.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, 2017.

Mechanically evoked reflexes have been postulated to be less sensitive to presynaptic inhibition (PSI) than the H-reflex. This has implications on investigations of spinal cord neurophysiology that are based on the T-reflex. Preceding studies have shown an enhanced effect of PSI on the H-reflex when a train of ~10 conditioning stimuli at 1 Hz was applied to the nerve of the antagonist muscle. The main questions to be addressed in the present study are if indeed T-reflexes are less sensitive to PSI and whether (and to what extent and by what possible mechanisms) the effect of low frequency conditioning, found previously for the H-reflex, can be reproduced on T-reflexes from the soleus muscle. We explored two different conditioning-to-test (C-T) intervals: 15 and 100 ms (corresponding to D1 and D2 inhibitions, respectively). Test stimuli consisted of either electrical pulses applied to the posterior tibial nerve to elicit H-reflexes or mechanical percussion to the Achilles tendon to elicit T-reflexes. The 1 Hz train of conditioning electrical stimuli delivered to the common peroneal nerve induced a stronger effect of PSI as compared to a single conditioning pulse, for both reflexes (T and H), regardless of C-T-intervals. Moreover, the conditioning train of pulses (with respect to a single conditioning pulse) was proportionally more effective for Treflexes as compared to H-reflexes (irrespective of the C-T interval), which might be associated with the differential contingent of Ia afferents activated by mechanical and electrical test stimuli. A conceivable explanation for the enhanced PSI effect in response to a train of stimuli is the occurrence of homosynaptic depression at synapses on inhibitory interneurons interposed within the PSI pathway. The present results add to the discussion of the sensitivity of the stretch reflex pathway to PSI and its functional role.

Objective To assess antenatal care in health care units, so as to obtain a baseline for future evaluation studies. Methods A self-applied inquiry was conducted among municipal health managers within a probabilistic stratified random sample of 627 municipalities which, through expansion technique, extended the analysis to 5,507 municipalities. Data was collected from October 2003 to April 2004. The survey appraised information about the priority granted by the managers to each modality of care, as well as data concerning characteristics of the assistance provided and the declared estimate of the demand being covered. The Chi-square test and Student’s t-test were performed in order to verify independence among the qualitative variables and mean differences, respectively. Results Almost half (43.8%; n=2,317) of the municipalities did not attend gestational risk; 81% (n=4,277) and 30.1% (n=1,592) reported that they attend over 75% of the demand for low and high risk antenatal respectively; 30.1% (n=1,592) attend over 75% of the demand for high risk care. Care for low risk (χ2=282,080; P<0.001 n=4,277) and for high risk pregnancies (χ2=267.924; P<0.001 n=5,280) were associated to geographic region, municipality’s size and management modality within the Unified Health System. The guarantee of vacancy for labour and birth was also associated to management modality. Conclusions There were gaps related to the provision and the quality of antenatal care within the Unified Health System. Municipal based health care extends the provision of antenatal care, but there are inequalities among regions and among municipalities according to demographic size.

Background: Although G6PDd individuals are generally asymptomatic throughout their life, the clinical burden of this genetic condition includes a range of haematological conditions, including acute haemolytic anaemia (AHA), neonatal jaundice (NNJ) and chronic non-sphaerocytic anaemia (CNSA). In Latin America (LA), the huge knowledge gap regarding G6PDd is related to the scarce understanding of the burden of clinical manifestation underlying G6PDd carriage. The aim of this work was to study the clinical significance of G6PDd in LA and the Caribbean region through a systematic review. Methods: A systematic search of the published literature was undertaken in August 2013. Bibliographies of manuscripts were also searched and additional references were identified. Only original research was included. All study designs were included, as long as any clinical information was present. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported clinical information from populations living in LA or Caribbean countries or about migrants from these countries living in countries outside this continent. Results: The Medline search generated 487 papers, and the LILACS search identified 140 papers. After applying the inclusion criteria, 100 original papers with any clinical information on G6PDd in LA were retrieved. Additionally, 16 articles were included after reading the references from these papers. These 116 articles reported data from 18 LA and Caribbean countries. The major clinical manifestations reported from LA countries were those related to AHA, namely drug-induced haemolysis. Most of the published works regarding drug-induced haemolysis in LA referred to haemolytic crises in P. vivax malaria patients during the course of the treatment with primaquine (PQ). Favism, infection-induced haemolysis, NNJ and CNSA appear to play only a minor public health role in this continent. Conclusion: Haemolysis in patients using PQ seems to be the major clinical manifestation of G6PDd in LA and contributes to the morbidity of P. vivax infection in this continent, although the low number of reported cases, which could be linked to under-reporting of complications. These results support the need for better strategies to diagnose and manage G6PDd in malaria field conditions. Additionally, Malaria Control Programmes in LA should not overlook this condition in their national guidelines.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultura, 2017.

Background: Due to students’ initial inexperience, slides are frequently broken and blood smears are damaged in microscopy training, leading to the need for their constant replacement. To minimize this problem a method of preparing blood smears on transparent acetate sheets was developed with the goal of implementing appropriate and more readily available teaching resources for the microscopic diagnosis of malaria. Methods: Acetate sheets derived from polyester were used to standardize the preparation and staining of thin and thick blood smears on transparent acetate sheets. Thick and thin blood smears were also prepared using the conventional method on glass slides. The staining was conducted using Giemsa staining for the thick and thin smears. Results: Microscopic examination (1,000x) of the thin and thick blood smears prepared on transparent acetate produced high-quality images for both the parasites and the blood cells. The smears showed up on a clear background and with minimal dye precipitation. It was possible to clearly identify the main morphological characteristics of Plasmodium, neutrophils and platelets. After 12 months of storage, there was no change in image quality or evidence of fungal colonization. Conclusion: Preparation of thin and thick blood smears in transparent acetate for the microscopic diagnosis of malaria does not compromise the morphological and staining characteristics of the parasites or blood cells. It is reasonable to predict the applicability of transparent acetate in relevant situations such as the training of qualified professionals for the microscopic diagnosis of malaria and the preparation of positive specimens for competency assessment (quality control) of professionals and services involved in the diagnosis of malaria.