Repositório RCAAP

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

This present work intends to analyze the relation enters the flows of capitals, the Agencies of Evaluation of Risk and the variation of index EMBI+ of emergent countries as: Mexico, Argentina, Asia, Russia and Brazil. The study it will parse two period: the first one if relates to the year of 1990 the 1998, where the cambial crises of Mexico, Asia and Russia had occurred, phase this marked by a period of great liquidity in the international market. Second if it relates to the years after 1999, where the majority of the countries adopts the floating exchange and has a movement of feast or famine in international the financial market. In the case of Brazil, beyond if studying the relation of the flows of capitals, EMBI+Brasil and the Agencies of Ratings, we will see the dynamics of the internal interests, that has a positive correlation with the prize of internal risk of Brazil, this is calculated by the difference between Real the Selic Tax and the Tax of Waited Future Interests, measured for the Swaps DI-Pré 360 days.

This dissertation studies the territorial development from a structural public politics implemented by government in the ambit of the Zero Famine Programme. Through this politics, the Alimentary Security Consortium end Social Development were installed (CONSADs). We started the discussion about Brazil development until get to the territorial dimension, and we deepen fundamental questions related to these spaces nand the globalization process, the civil spciety and public power participation, the rural urban dichotomy surpassing and discentralization by intermunicipal actions. In this study, we investigated the implementation of three CONSASD on the center west region and we could conclude that the government proposal is innovated and is capable of estimulate the territorial development. However, we still verified that this politics a collection of changers to improve it, mainly, when it is applied in depressed territorries.

The goal of this dissertation is to analyze the impact of the innovative effort on innovation, and this on the productivity of Brazilian companies. This is a firm-level analysis using data crossover from the Technological Innovation Survey (PINTEC) and the Annual Industrial Survey (PIA), both developed by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in the period from 2006 to 2008. The research aims to contribute to the empirical debate to understand the pattern of the current Brazilian innovative process, considering the sectors specifications and their levels of technological intensity. Is made an theoretical analysis of the literature, that explicit the various theories of innovation, its determinants and its relationship with productivity, showing that, although very different in their conceptions, there is a currently consensus about the importance of technological innovation on industrial performance. Is also made an empirical research on the relationship between innovation activities, innovation and productivity, using the CDM model and econometric strategy to answer these questions. The results shows that, despite the fact that few companies in Brazil innovate and invest in innovation (especially in direct investment in R&D activities), the probability to innovate increases with a higher level of investment in innovative activities, and that the level of productivity is positively affected by product or process innovation. These results also happen with the industries samples of lower and higher technological intensity, but, for that last ones, the innovation impact on productivity not shown significant.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the matter of the relations that permeate the evolution and performance of economical factors such as productivity, level of employment and work time, inside the context of capitalist production. It focuses the footwear manufacturers in Franca (state of São Paulo), Brazilian s most important production center of man footwear. This study advocates the necessity, significance and fairness of reducing working hours without diminishing wages, analyzing and trying to unmask the economic, social and political circumstances that cover the distribution or bigger retention of earnings derived from the continuous productive increase, due to certain social agents. In support of this, it makes use of numerous and clarifying quotations, having recourse to dialogues with valuable concepts of different authors about the theme, which, in general terms, focus the issue under a theoretical point of view, in both national and international aspects. The author s analysis, comments and conclusions cross mutually with expressions of conviction and the accumulation of knowledge about the topic, such as collection, systematization and interpretation of data and information, concerning the interrelationship Productivity x Employment x Work Time in Franca (state of São Paulo), in the field of footwear manufacturer processing industry. The analytical instrumental used in this paper detaches position and conflicting interests between distinct social classes as basic referential for a concrete analysis of the correlation of the economical factors mentioned. Position and conflicting interests are inherent and indivisible parts of an associate system characterized by the private property of production means, and consequently by the social relations originated in the sale of wage earner s workforce to capital holders.

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The conilon coffee cropping in Espírito Santo has shown in recent years a significant increase in productivity, which is associated with the development and use of new technologies in the fields. Advances in genetic improvement and process improvements have been appointed as the main responsible for the development of the activity in the state. At the same time, the institutional arrangement formed in the last two decades is also named as the factor that allowed the diffusion of new technologies developed for conilon. This study seeks to analyze the innovations and production of conilon in Espírito Santo from the concept of Sectoral System of Innovation. In this theoretical framework concepts such as knowledge, learning and interactions are seen as key to the development of innovations. This work used, as methodology, literature, documents and interviews with representatives of some of the major institutions involved. It is intended, therefore, to better understand how a crop that did not exist on a commercial scale in Espírito Santo until the 1970s became so important to the state and is now considered a benchmark in research and development of technologies. It is also investigated which are the main actors in this system, how innovations are generated and disseminated, what is the technological profile in the fields and what are the challenges ahead.

This work aim to show that the reach to the limits of capital accumulation, which is showing its first signs since the 60 s, has and still is exercising great importance in Brazilian economic policies. In the first chapter, we establish a reference to what is understood as the limit of capital accumulation after World War II and how the accumulation process drives itself to its own limits. In the following chapters, we detach the importance of the reached limit to the most relevant moments of Brazilian economic policy. Since the IIPND, when the first signs of influence raise in Brazilian economy, passing through the stabilizing attempts during the 80 s and 90 s and the emergence of the pro-market State in Brazil, until the 00 s, when macroeconomic prudence took shape and delimited the conduction of the country s economic policy, we will show how the limit of capital accumulation has played an important role.

This work aims to investigate the evolution of the compositional structure of the participation of family occupational groups of rural areas from Triângulo Mineiro engaged in agricultural activities in the income of the sector. Therefore, we use a statistical method Decomposition of Change in Agricultural Income of different family occupational groups (employers, employees and self-employed, agricultural and pluriactive) based on microdata from PNAD / IBGE in the period 2002-2009. The hypothesis guiding this study was constructed from the results of field trials carried out in four municipalities of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Parnaíba where we detected a situation of fragility and latent abandonment of agricultural activities by farmers municipalities surveyed. So, we argue here that this reality is not only restricted to the municipalities surveyed, but that much of the family farm in Minas Gerais lies fragile in important ways. The evidence presented by the data confirm the hypothesis of this study, since families are self-employed (they represent the majority of farmers) less appropriate the surplus of agricultural income generated in the state of Minas Gerais generating a framework of greater fragility of these families with a strong trend of abandonment of agricultural activity. This movement would tend to deepen as the agricultural development model promoted in this region in search of efficiency standards and given the competition in the industry, would force the output of those farmers who do not get the same productivity standards. Thus, public policies such as PRONAF, PAA and PNAE fulfill an important role in reducing the abandonment of farming by the farmers process.

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The dissertation discusses the dynamics of long-term, determination and ranking of world capitalism in the work of Theotonio dos Santos. interest in this work is justified by the importance of the two topics in the Latin American social thought, and his theoretical journey, traveling between two strands of the theory of development: the Marxist Theory of Dependency (MTD), which was co-founder, and Theory of World- Systems (TWS), which became one of the greatest expone ion without a break, but based on the change of focus of the development underdeveloped in Latin America for the global system of capitalist accumulation. The ve of the author always sought unity in a continuous movement between social subjects, the structural elements (both private and general) of capitalism and their periodic trends, long term and establishes a relationship between economic factors and non-economic, especially the politicians, the stage of capitalism emerged in the post World War II, lly in peripheral countries, especially Latin America. The intention of the dissertation is to contribute to the identification of theoretical and methodological approach implicit in the thinking of Theotonio dos Santos, featured here in the binomial conceptual direction of development and regulation of the dynamics , methodological approach developed during production of the author and manifested in the transition of MTD the TWS results in its attempt to grasp the operation, composition, evolution and trends of global capitalism as a system, and would be a valuable contribution to a synthesis of Marxist theory of development.

Given the enormous environmental devastation caused in large part by unrestricted use of natural resources, it is fundamental to develop alternative means of production, guided by efficiency and sustainability . In this scenario, emerging industrial ecosystems, characterized by being formed clusters through a network of firms linked by an ecological, social and economic logic. These clusters can be encouraged from adequate to its emergence and development environment. The research can be classified as descriptive, qualitative nature, emerged from the need to develop alternative means of production. According to the international literature review it appears that aspects related to public initiatives, laws and private initiatives are suitable to create favorable conditions for the development of this type of arrangement means product. This elements make up what, for the purposes of this research will be named the macro environment of formation of industrial ecosystems. The overall objective is to identify the variables used worldwide to study the macro environment where training initiatives of industrial ecosystems emerge, as well as analyzing the behavior of the domestic macro environment to observe it through these same variables. As a result it was found a consistent analysis model, and apply it to the Brazilian case there has been a set of policies such as the National Environmental Policy pursuing sustainable development, but for these policies are quite sparse, and the Brazil present some peculiarities, due to its historical origins, the large territory and little environmental awareness, we can not say that there are concise for industrial symbiosis stimuli.

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The topic explains a number of factors that influence on trade integration and regional inequalities both in Southern Africa and in Angola. So is this part of Africa that Angola is part where we find the Development Community (SADC). Although this is the most emerging economic bloc on the continent still presents major inequalities mainly in the field of trade integration, setting off on a very slow socioeconomic development and a less conjugated equality among their members, despite the efforts of the governments of this community. In general, governments have made tremendous efforts to reduce these effects, but the indicators still show that they are far from reaching them. Regarding regional differences in Angola, it was found that due to certain economic operations since 2002, comes to registering significant increases in Gross Domestic Product mirroring in large sums of wealth that the country has accumulated in recent years. However, this wealth does not bring about significant changes in infrastructure to support economic development, such as in the energy and water supply among others, creating in this way, vast inequalities between regions, influencing in some way the quality of life the populations of some regions. Furthermore, the analyzed data indicate that regions always showed signs of development since colonization remain the same and, in the case of the Metropolis and the Central East region where the main capital of Angola. However, it is observed that much of the wealth of the country since the colonial era mostly less developed, eg, the North (coffee and oil as the main sources of wealth of the country) and Middle East region has regions (mainly in Lunda Norte and Lunda Sul -. diamond mining and non-oil energy, etc.) thus creating a paradox. Despite these inconsistencies, the government has proved very engaged in ways to eliminate the major factors that have influenced these very striking inequalities between regions. Thus, the study aims to examine regional inequalities in the context of southern Africa and in Angola, scaling inequalities in economic development, especially economic activity and infrastructure. Moreover, the method most widely used in the research was to collect data through the analysis of documents, in addition to books and articles. Some of the results indicate that in terms of trade, the countries of the region are not willing to trade among themselves, since many of them are in disadvantage against the other. In Angola, the origin of inequality is not new, however, already has a long history, from the time of Portuguese colony and civil war. Thus, it is recommended that regions of Africa in general must unite and create policies that make up the reality of the continent itself. Regarding Angola, the state should create favorable conditions for economic infrastructure as quickly as possible in order to reduce regional disparities.

Poverty, as a matter of individual privation, is a complex and heterogeneous socioeconomic phenomenon. The present work intends to analyze both the historical determinants, after 1960, of the formation of poverty in Brazilian rural households and the causes of its recent reduction (2002-2009) between the elements income and income inequality. Therefore, the concept of poverty is approached, and the Foster, Greer & Thorbecke index (1984) is used for the analysis. The methodological procedure is divided into two steps: (i) initially, the elasticities poverty-income growth and poverty-income inequality are estimated via the Generalized Method of Moments system applied to panel data, according to Datt and Ravallion (1992), Pinto and Oliveira (2010) and Kalwji and Verschoor (2004); (ii) posteriorly, the elasticities of productive activities towards the variation in rural poverty are estimated via static panel data with fixed effects. The descriptive statistics and estimates of the coefficients are related to microdata of the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (2002 a 2009), provided by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. The main contributions and advances of this research fall into two aspects: it points out the heterogeneity in the performance of economic growth policies and the role of income inequality reduction, both conditioned to the peculiarities of each observation unit, in decreasing rural poverty in Brazil; it presents the importance of the branches of working rural activities with greatest potential to reduce the poverty in the rural area of the country, which has not yet received appropriate attention in economic literature and which provides relevant information to elaborate and conduct public policies. The literature review suggests that rural poverty is a result of the Brazilian process of capitalistic accumulation, associated to the State action. Besides, the results of the estimates indicate that both the elevation of income and the reduction of inequalities are efficient mechanisms to poverty decrease, being one of its effects over time conditioned to the initial development level and to the concentration of initial income in the observation unit. It is possible to perceive the negative correlation between the main labor income and the rural household poverty, this one being more sensitive to people allocated in non-agricultural activities of the service sector.

The objective of the dissertation is to place the Course of Administration of Companies inside of the reality of the neoliberal capitalism, the international agents' of financing demands, FMI and World Bank, that place the education as an educational market, to show the importance of the Course of Administration of Companies in the job market and at the same time, to place him/it front to the new educational paradigms. And to clear that the old paradigms, autocracy and distrust, conformism and individualism used in the managerial administration, no longer they are framed more in current reality, to look for new alternatives and to apply them to the administration of new businesses in a world more and more complex, globalization and under influences of radical changes promoted by the Third Industrial Revolution, the economy of the information. And that, with the implantation of the flexibility of tasks and functions in the work doesn't pronounce with an organization whose structure was conceived as a net of positions, where each position was already per-defined in terms of attributions and hierarchical relationships. And with the coming of the economy globalization and to strong influence of the progresses of the communication means and of the allied computer science resources to changes of paradigm of the science they don't hold a teaching in the universities that you is characterized by a practice pedagogic conservative, repetitive and critical and, for that it is that you intends a change in the Courses of Administration by a Pedagogic Project in consonance with the demands of the contemporary society, observing the guidelines of the Law 9394/98 in what refers to the higher education and the orientations of the National Council of Administration, the Course of Administration of FACH, has as commitment the human being integral formation, that constitutes instrument of construction of the citizenship - the human competence of doing subjects , professionals with social and ethical responsibility professional.

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The present work aims at analyzing the transport infrastructure in Brazil, with a focus on the Plano Nacional de Logística e Transporte (PNLT), highlighting investments, matrix and regional setting. For this, there was a brief historical survey of facing investment in transport infrastructure in the Brazil national policies. This Plan has significant importance because it marks the rescue of planning in the medium and long term the sector in the country\'s history. The previous and the nature of PNLT are presented and discussed as they were encompassed the main modal encompassed in the plan: the waterway, the pipeline, mainly, rail and road. This paper work up the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the evolution of these modes, using data from the Banco de Informações e Mapas de Transportes (BIT) and the Confederação Nacional de Transporte (CNT), among others, as well as joint investment on Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) distributed by region, considering the division by state and regions. The study confirms the relevance of PNLT to resume planning of transport infrastructure in the country, identifying an increase in infrastructure investments and measures in favor of restoring the transport matrix in a favorable macroeconomic context. Nevertheless, there is no indication, in principle, of relevant changes in the regional setting, given the continuing concentration of investments in regions of higher economic dynamics.