Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The main requirement of the user with regard to the constructive system is to have the guarantee of that this is really safe, that is, that it really comes to take care of to the requirements of structural security. The evaluation of structural performance, is one of the forms to determine if the system is really safe; the ideal would be that all and any constructive system, before being launched in the market, it was submitted to the performance evaluations leading in consideration the requirements of the users: security, habitability and support; only in such a way, if it would have the guarantee of that possible problems presented during the evaluation, they would not be repassed the users, being corrected in its initial stage. Therefore, in this work, the performance evaluation happened of inverse form, where the constructive system was evaluated by means of assays of field after the residences being concluded. The carried through assays of field had looked for to evaluate the structural performance of the residences of soil-cement and cellular concrete through the assays of verification of resistance the impacts, occupation loads, verification of the behavior of the leaf (door) submitted the abnormal maneuvers and evaluation through the criteria of the state has limited of use. In such a way, the behavior of these residences through the comparison could be evaluated enters the gotten results in the assays of field and the criteria established for the Projects of Norms of the ABNT nos 02.136.01.001, 02.136.01.002 e 02.136.01.004 (ABNT, 2004) 2004 that it evaluates the performance of residences, well as, to verify the constructive systems that had not taken care of to the established criteria, indicating its imperfections, guaranteeing with this not the occurrence of these in future constructions.

Among all environment problems faced by humanity, this job focus on hydric resources, indispensable environment factor for ecosystems sustentability and human survivor. At public schools units, the inappropriate use of this resource is frequently and also the existence of visible and non visible leaks. With the goal of evaluate the perception index for the use of water at schools, it was selected as study objects for this research twelve public schools at Minas Gerais state. Using questionnaires, interviews and observations, a general research was created in all school units selected about water utilization. This data was used in two types of analyses. The first, it was characterized for all schools the way this input is used. The second, by means of the evaluation of water consume index of users perception index for sustentability water utilization and all the leaks observed, it was tried to establish a relation between these factors. It was concluded that the way the water is used at schools and the existence of leaks are aspects that influence the referred values for indicators of water at this units. But, above all, the users habits related to this input at schools units need to be modified to avoid its waste. So, it s suggested the development, political implementation and Ambiental Education proposals that corroborate and estimulate the racional water utilization.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The evaluation of the satisfaction of residential building users after its delivery to the residents is extremely important to the real estate market. This information enables to create a database to guide the decision taken by the designers in the depeloping of a project of a new product and/or its own improvement. In the case of the introduction of technological inovations to the construction processes key element to the productivity raise the informations related to what and the intensity of the renovations that are accepted by the consumers are important to project a new product to which a bigger degree of industrialization is desired. This work is based on the evaluation of the satisfaction by means of the perception of the user considering two residential buildings that use different building processes and which has as feature the incorporation of a high technological renovation to its production. The first is compound of armed massive walls of reincorced concrete shaped in loco and the second of pre-built panels, compound by a reinforced concrete structure and sealing in ceramic blocks, produced in factories and built in local by the tilt up system. A third residential building, built by the conventional building system (masonry in loco), was also evaluated and accepted as the reference standard.The satisfaction compared by the users of these three different types of residential building was used to evaluate the resident s acceptance level related to the mentioned industrialized houses . The results indicated that a reduction in conservatism of society with respect to industrialized building systems.

This study analyzed the emission of pollutants caused by vehicles, both in a bus station as on the route that vehicles use to their destinations. It was used a theoretical basis and a commercial software, TSIS, that provides the mass discharge of major pollutants emitted by intercity and interstate buses using the bus station of Uberaba, MG. It was simulated the discharge of pollutants emitted by vehicles and it was provided subsidies to studies of routes in relation to the generation of air pollutants due to the concentration of vehicles in trip generation hubes. There were simulated four routes and it was founded the one with emmited the lesser air pollution quantity, which was considered as the environmental route. It is expected to contribute to the city and state agencies, which are in charge in taking an efficient decision to control the vehicular pollution, because automotive gases can cause damages on the population health and on the environment.

His research presented aims to analyze the management of construction and demolition waste ( CDW) in Uberlândia in the context of the implementation of the National Policy on Solid Waste and suggest actions for the purpose of improving the management . Methodologically , we used the visits to municipal secretarial involved with waste , points to irregular deposition, carriers CDW companies to apply a questionnaire and see if the transhipment areas and screening of rubble they comply with the technical standards of ABNT on waste . The results showed that, in Uberlandia , were collected in 2,012 , approximately 452. 000 tonnes of CDW, being 6,66 % of Ecopontos , 39,41 % of carriers and 53, 93 % of the critical points . How PNRS is the principle of non-generation, it is necessary integrated management between the government and private companies that collect and transport the debris . It was observed that the critical points located close to protected areas, the Permanent Protection Area, schools and other points of concentration are unoccupied. Another issue observed is mixed with other types of waste and also a cleaning schedule. The advances that have occurred in the last eight years were just setting the Ecopontos. Still, it is found in places near them, the irregular deposition of debris. Suggestions as partnerships with carters , neighborhood associations , environmental education with the concencionárias power and authority of public supply are presented , as well as lectures on joint efforts in the neighborhoods.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The multiple uses of water resources has become a difficult task, since the deployment and the continuous improvement of management systems still do not accompany the constant changes that occur in the environment as a function of the anthropic actions. The planning and management of water resources in the watershed scale require use of computational tools that allow the joint modeling of quantity and quality of water in daily and monthly scale. This work of masters had as main objective to evaluate the ability of self-depuration of the middle and lower courses of the river Uberaba (MG), which has strong relevance to water municipalities of Uberaba, Veríssimo, Conceição das Alagoas e Planura (MG). For the period of October 2012 until September 2013, through the AQUATOOL tool, the SIMGES module held the water balance and the GESCAL module simulated quality parameters, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate and total phosphorus. In order to make the simulations possible, in twenty sub-sections separated by ten stations of water quality, the coefficients of biochemical reactions were calibrated by the method of trial and error approach. The sensitivity analysis of coefficients Ka, Kd, KNoa and KNai initially calibrated and parameters of quality of the intermediate inputs initially estimated do not present significant variations of water quality in the middle and lower courses of the river Uberaba. The analysis of pollution scenarios, after performing the water balance for the critical flow Q7,10 on every intermediate inputs, it was noted that the parameters nitrate, ammonia and organic nitrogen were in accordance with the limits established in the Normative Deliberation COPAM 01:2008 and the Resolution CONAMA 357:2005. The oxygen parameter dissolved would increase its concentration at 156 %, when compared to the value of the driest month, only in intermediate input that covers the whole urban area of the city of Uberaba (MG) and receiving domestic and industrial effluents without treatment. The parameters DBO5 and Ptotal were the most problematic, which exhibited high values in almost all the inputs, with intermediate exception of the Jataí and Preguiça streams. Thus, it is concluded that the AQUATOOL Tool presented itself favorable in the water management of the Uberaba River s watershed. The topology of the model, deployed in the sub-basin of the Uberaba river in its middle and lower courses, will allow the user of the tool (probably the technician or environmental engineer of the Water and Sewage of Uberaba) to analyze globally or individually, the different aspects of planning and management in this watershed.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The generation of residues and its consequent, correlated impacts has been a concern and has mobilized the technico-scientific field in the search for solutions seeking to make productive activities sustainable. In the productive chain of civil construction the segment of tile production from red ceramics generates residues with no appropriate destination and which, in turn, produces losses to the industry, the public administration and the society. A diagnosis of these residues shows that the generated amount is significant, however there is potential for recycling it in civil construction, which should be investigated. This work reports on both the production of reference concrete with natural aggregates and concrete with partial and total replacement of the large aggregate by the recycled aggregate of ceramic tiles. The recycled aggregate presents significant differences regarding the basaltic large aggregate that was used, with much lower apparent specific mass and much higher absorption of water. The concrete thus produced was compared in the fresh state, controlling for the reduction of the cone log. It was verified that the consumption of water for production of the concrete with recycled aggregate is higher and that it is dependent on the rate of aggregate water absorption. Also, the effective water/cement relation is uncertain. The properties of the hardened state: resistance to compression, resistance to traction, and module of elasticity were also comparatively evaluated. The concrete, with recycled aggregate, presented lower mechanical resistance than the reference concrete. Maintaining the cement consumption and constant workability, the mechanical resistance was superior when using a plasticizer addictive. The same occurred when the water/cement relationship was kept constant with higher cement consumption.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

In the concrete might occur cracks, due to the combination of residual stresses, cure or hydration, fluency effects, retraction and temperature effect. The objetive of incorporating steel fibers to concrete is to control the micro-cracking during aplication of loads and also improve the mechanical and residual resistance to fracturing properties . The toughness of steel fiber reinforced concrete is a fundamental property to control cracking and is determinated by flexural bending test of prismatic beams. The advantages to use SFRC in the civil construction are: better cavitation resistance, improves the strength impact plus the shock thermal and increase the ductility by delaying the crack propagation in the concrete structural elements that is subjected to the tension or tension by flexural. This study, examines experimentally the mechanicals behavior of prismatic specimens of SFRC s toughness, according to the international recommendations of ASTM C1609 (2010), EN 14651 (2007) e JSCE-SF4 (1984). On next phase, the research sought to evaluate the influence of compressive strength and the fiber rate s behavior. The experimental program consisted in two matrices of 30 MPa and 40 MPa with two dosages of fibers corresponding to 60 kg/m³ and 30 kg/m³ (0,77 % and 0,38 % in volume) formed four composite of fibers. 64 prismatic specimens were cast to evaluate the tenacity and 132 cylindrical specimens to characterize the SFRC through the compression tests, modulus of elasticity and tensile by diametric compression (Brazilian test). In relation to the method of tests, the result shows that the increasing toughness of SFRC was higher when the fiber content increased the composite compared to the change in compressive strength. The EN 14651 that uses notched specimens, it is interesting method to determine the toughness of steel fiber reinforced concrete, because the method obtained lower coefficient of variation for toughness values and the crack it always propagates in the plane of the notch.

The measurements of a physical quantity invariably involve errors and uncertainties. The results of the testing of compressive strength of concrete are not exempt from this rule. Measure is an act of comparison whose degree of accuracy can depend on instruments, operators and the measurement process itself. In this work were analyzed questions that involving the intervening factors of the quality of the concrete compressive results, and, been tested the trustworthiness with which these assays have been produced by several laboratories. The focus is on the measurement errors. Your organization has involved a conceptual review of \"quality\" and its relation to the constructions in concrete; sequentially, has organized an application of tests to verify the trustworthiness of their results through two complementary ways. The first, to analyze the dispersion of results by different methods; and the main form of the reference test, established from a result set as the default method; and the other in order to characterize the types of errors produced. Their results, irrefutable regarding the methodology used for the production of his bodies of evidence and significant for the strategy used for data searching allowed to identify an undesirable state for conditions that defined the level of its reliability. Classified as inconsistent, a considerable number of laboratories evaluated in three different stages of experimental verification, presented as the results of their measurement, inadequate numbers to the strength of concrete, not meeting the expectations of desirable accuracy for this important procedure of quality control production.