Repositório RCAAP

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coffee crop is an important agricultural activity in Brazil that faces great technological challenges, especially for pesticide application. This study was done to determine the effect of different spray nozzles, mixture volumes and side sprayer bar, as well as deposition of mixture on biological efficacy of control of leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Méneville). Also, the performance of hydropneumatic equipment was evaluated, with or without electrostatic charge, on coffee crop in the savannah, and the deposition of the mixture in hillside crop. Three independent studies were done, one in Uberlândia/MG (savannah coffee), one in Rio Paranaíba/MG (savannah coffee) and one in Nova Resende/MG (hillside coffee). Mixture deposition and penetration in lower, medium and upper canopy and run-off to soil were evaluated by the addition of the tracer Brilliant Blue FD&C Blue n.1, for quantification by spectrophotometry. Control efficacy of leaf miner was evaluated by the percentage of live larvae. Results indicated that the use of the side bar increased mixture deposition in the lower canopy; however, deposition in the middle third of the plant was reduced, and run-off increased. The hollow cone sprayer tip with air induction also increased run-off. Electrostatic spraying in hydropneumatic equipment resulted in greater mixture deposition in the lower canopy of coffee. Sprayer Twister, manufactured by Montana, coupled with directed air ducts, had better performance in plant lower and medium canopy than Arbus, from Jacto, with nozzles placed along side arches. Mixture volume used in hydropneumatic sprayers with no electrostatic charge (200 to 500 L ha-1) did not affect mixture deposition on plants and losses to soil, which were smaller with the use of electrostatic sprayer. Electrostatic sprayer, in hillside coffee plantation, at 200 L ha-1, with the use of copolymer polyester-polymethyl siloxane adjuvant, increased mixture deposition in adult coffee plants.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Carrot is the major vegetable with a commercial root. This study evaluated root yield, number and quality of carrot cultivar Brasília - RL, under different top-dressing fertilizations. The experiment was done on a Red-Yellow Latosol (Latossolo Vermelho- Amarelo), at Fazenda Olhos D Água, in São Gotardo - MG, from January to April 2006. The experimental design was randomized blocks with nine treatments (T0 = no topdressing control; T1 = 100 kg 20-00-20 ha-1 at 30 and 45 days after sowing; T2 = 200 kg 20-00-20 ha-1 at 30 and 45 days after sowing; T3 = 300 kg 20-00-20 ha-1at 30 and 45 days after sowing; T4 = 200 Kg 20-00-20 at 30 days after sowing; T5 = 200 kg 20-00-20 ha-1 at 45 days after sowing; T6 = 300 kg 20-00-20 ha-1 at 45 days after sowing; T7 = 130 kg Nitrocalcium ha-1 at 30 and 45 days after sowing; T8 = 130 kg Nitrocalcium ha-1 at 30 days after sowing and 133 kg 15-00-14 ha-1 at 45 days after sowing) and five repetitions. The root number and weight in each commercial class was evaluated: 10 (>10 < 14 cm), 14 (> 14 < 18 cm), 18 (>18 < 22 cm), 22 (> 22 < 26 cm), 26 (> 26 cm), the commercial (C), the non commercial (NC) and total (T) root number and weight were also evaluated. The total number of carrot roots (T) did not present significant differences with the top-dressing fertilizations. However, the total number of commercial roots (C) varied significantly with the top-dressing with increasing doses of the 20-00-20 (N-P2O5-K2O) fertilizer and the additional treatments. Root yield (kg ha-1) presented, in general, results similar to those observed for root number, with the exception of total (T) root yield (kg ha-1), which presented a significant change with topdressing fertilization and the increasing doses of the 20-00-20 fertilizers vs. additional treatments. Total yield of commercial roots (C) changed significantly with increasing doses of the fertilizer 20-00-20. Maximum root yield (27,505.1 kg ha-1) was obtained with the fertilization with 229.1 kg ha-1 of 20-00-20. However, this result is not significantly different from the yield of commercial roots obtained with the use of the additional treatments. No significant differences were observed among the treatments in the experiment, nor in the interaction of increasing doses of the 20-00-20 fertilizer in vs. additional treatments. The joint application of nitrogen, potassium and calcium sources increased commercial root yield, especially of those classified as C-18, which is the major commercial class, presenting greatest economical value, demand and is the most accepted in the market.

This study expanded the knowledge on tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seedling production by analyzing the effects of different container sizes and vermiculite doses in a commercial substrate and seed size and different sowing depths in a nursery seedling production. The experiments were done at the experimental farm Água Limpa in the sector of Fruit Crops, in a nursery with anti-aphid screens, with 0.38 mm2 opening. The farm is located at 19º05 23 S and 48º21 28 W, at 792 m altitude, in the county of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental design of the trials were randomized blocks, in a 3 x 3 or 2 x 3 factorial. In the first trial, were utilizadas three vermiculite doses (0%, 10% or 20% v v-¹) in three container sizes (18 x 30 cm, 20 x 25 cm or 25 x 35 cm), and in the second trial, utilizou-se two seed sizes (small and large) and three sowing depths (1cm; 2cm or 3cm), both of them with 5 repetitions and 5 plants per plot. The experiments were done from December 26 2006 to June 4 2007. In the first trial, results indicated that tamarind seedlings were not affected by container size, nor by the use of vermiculite. However, the largest container (25 x 35 cm) yielded longer root length, although reducing stem diameter and above ground fresh and dry matter. Mixing vermiculite to the substrate yielded better results for stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry matter of roots and above ground mass. In the second trial, the results indicated that bigger seeds yielded greater quality tamarind seedlings for plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry matter for above ground mass and roots. There were no significant differences in the parameters evaluated as a function of sowing depth. CHAPTER I: This study evaluated the effects of different vermiculite doses and container sizes in the development and quality of tamarind seedlings. The experiment was done in a nursery with anti-aphid screens, with 0.38 mm2 opening, in the sector of fruit Experimental Farm Água Limpa, county of Uberlândia (MG), from December 26 2006 to June 4 2007. The experimental design was randomized blocks , in a 3 x 3 factorial, with 5 repetitions and 5 plants per plot. The factors were three vermiculite doses (0%, 10% or 20% v v-¹) and three container sizes (18 x 30 cm, 20 x 25 cm or 25 x 35 cm). The development of tamarind seedlings was evaluated by the determination of the number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots and above ground matter. The results showed that tamarind seedling height was not affected by container sized nor by the use of vermiculite. The largest container (25 x 35 cm) yielded better root length; however, stem diameter and above ground fresh and dry matter were reduced. Mixing vermiculite to the substrate yielded better results for stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry matter of roots and above ground mass. CHAPTER II: The effect of seed size and different sowing depths on tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seedling vigor and vegetative growth was evaluated in a trial done in a screened nursery, with 0.38 mm2 opening, at the experimental farm Água Limpa, in a nursery with anti-aphid screens, in the county of Uberlândia,. The farm is located at 18º55 33 S and 48º17 19 W, at 872 m altitude, Minas Gerais, from December 26 2006 to June 4 2007. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 3 factorial, with 5 repetitions and 5 plants per plot. The factors were two seed sizes, small and large (65.60 g and 94.54 g respectively), defined according to the weight of 100 seeds and three sowing depths (1cm; 2cm or 3cm). The number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots and above ground matter were evaluated. The results indicate that tamarind seed size affected seedling initial development. There were no significant differences in the parameters evaluated as a function of sowing depth.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This study evaluated the adaptability and stability of 20 soybean genotypes, where 10 of them were lines of the breeding program of Monsoy Ltd. and the other 10 were commercially used controls. The experiments were done in the agricultural years 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, in the soybean macro-region 3 (micro-regions 301, 302 and 303). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three repetitions. Individual and joint analyses were done, considering genotype yield at the different locations and the averages were compared by the Scott Knott test (1974). Genotype adaptability and stability were evaluated by the methods of Eberhart and Russel, Annicchiarico, Lin and Binns and Centroid. The methods of Annicchiarico, Linn and Binns modified by Carneiro and Centroid presented coherence between them and allowed the identification, among the genotypes evaluated, of those of greater stability and adaptability. The lines 1, 2, 4 and 10 were the ones with general adaptability and stability. Lines 1, 2, and the control 20 were classified as those with adaptability and stability to favorable environments, while lines 3 and 10 and the controls 11 and 14 to unfavorable environments. In the analysis by region, lines 2 and 4 were statistically superior to all others in the regions 301, 302 and 303 and line 10, was simultaneously superior in the regions 301 and 302.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Senescence (yellowing and needle drp) and death of mature plants has been observed in tropical pines forest stands established in the seventies in savannah areas of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba (MG) regions. Previous studies showed a close relationship between this physiologic patterns with nutrient deficients. Also, it is known that the seeds used in the establish of forest presented great genetic variability, which is expressed on the diversity of plant performance, since part of them remains healthy while another part shows a decline and death process, with variable intensity. This study was conducted as a continuation of the research line, based on the hypothesis that polymers associated with silicon (Si) would be obstructing the tracheids, thus contributing for plant nutritional collapse. Segments of roots and apical shoots of plants apparently healthy (green needles), in different senescence stages (yellowing needles) and dead were collected. These samples were processed and dried in a critical point dryer and analyzed in a scanning electron microscope coupled with an X-ray microprobe. The presence of Si and aluminium (Al) in xylem and phloem tissues was observed on shoots and roots. However, no obstruction or the presence of any Si-Al body in the conducting tissues was found. Moreover, the presence of Si was associated with Al according to a relation Al/Si of 2.6. The data also revealed that the Si variation range was 1.5 times greater than that of Al.

Chemical and physical attributes of an Acrustox subjected to different management systems were evaluated. The experiment was conducted at the Fazenda do Glória/UFU since 2000. The field experimental area was conducted during seven years, in a randomized block design, to evaluate some chemical and physical attributes of the soil, at depths of 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm, for different management systems (conventional and conservationist). The parameters examined were: density, porosity, macro and microporosity, aggregate stability, total organic carbon (TOC), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), nitrogen (N) and aluminum (Al3+). Statistical differences were found between conventional and conservationist treatments. The values indicated a density increase with the depth, combined with porosity decrease as the relationship macro/micropores and with lower aggregate stability in conventional system in comparison with the conservationist systems. Statistical differences of the chemical attributes of soil, between the conservationist and conventional treatments, were found only at the top 5 cm of the soil, only for the elements Ca, P and K. Aluminum correction was more efficient in the conventional system, due to lime addition in the soil, independent of gypsum addition.

The objectives of this research were: to evaluate the performance of doublehaploid cotton genotypes (HD) in relation to their parental genotypes in three contrasting environments of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to determine the possible genotype by environment interactions and stability and adaptability parameters. In the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, the cotton growing regions present a wide environmental variation. The field trials were conducted in the 2006/2007 growing season, at three representative locations of the regions: Triângulo Mineiro (Uberaba), Alto Paranaíba (Patos de Minas) and North (Nova Porteirinha). The experimental design used was the complete randomized-block, with five replications. The data collected for the main characters of economic importance (agronomic and fiber properties) were analyzed for each location as well as for the three locations, by means of the software GENES. Analyses of adaptability and stability were performed, when pertaining, by the methods of Annicchiarico (1992) and Lin & Binns (1988). No significant GxE interactions were found for the great majority of the characters evaluated. The double-haploids presented, in average, improved performance over their original parents in the three environments and thus the technique of haploid chromosome complement doubling did not induced negative effects (inbreeding depression). The double-haploids were, in general, more stable than the parental genotypes they were derived of, which demonstrated that the semigamy method is efficient and promising for the development of new genotypes. It was not confirmed the hypothesis that the high levels of expected homozygosis of the DH genotypes could imply lesser stability over different environments. In the location of Uberaba, the DH genotypes in general presented smaller variation than their respective parents for the traits evaluated, thus confirming the efficiency of the method. The DH-EPAMIG-4 was more variable than its parent as well as than the other DH genotypes. The locations were quite contrasting in terms of environment and therefore were representative of the cotton growing regions of the state.

Common balm, Melissa officinalis is a medicinal plant with great increment perspective for the cosmetics industry due to its essential oil. Studies on agricultural practices are required to optimize its yield. This study evaluated the effect of different doses of organic fertilizer (cow manure) in comparison with mineral fertilizer on biomass production and essential oil yield. The experiment was done at Glória Experimental Farm, of Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, and the oil extraction was done at the no Centro de Genética, Biologia Molecular e Fitoquimica of Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 kg/m2 of manure and a mineral fertilization with 30g of 4- 14-8/m2), with four repetitions. Hydro-distillation was done with a modified Clevenger distiller for essential oil extraction. Plant height, total and leaf fresh matter and leaf dry matter, per plant and per hectare, were affected as a function of organic fertilizer dose, presenting a significant change with linear adjustment to the doses of manure applied. The two fertilization forms were better than the non-fertilized control for all variables, except for the proportion leaf length and width and oil contents in the leaf dry matter. There was no significant difference for the fresh leaf oil contents between the nonfertilized control and the mineral fertilization. It can be concluded that common balm is responsive to organic fertilization with manure and mineral fertilization for biomass production; essencial oil yield presented the same contents for al treatments, wich change was the percentage (%) of some chemical contents. The major contents were neral, geranial e citronelal.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico