Repositório RCAAP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Carrot is the major vegetable with a commercial root. This study evaluated root yield, number and quality of carrot cultivar Brasília - RL, under different top-dressing fertilizations. The experiment was done on a Red-Yellow Latosol (Latossolo Vermelho- Amarelo), at Fazenda Olhos D Água, in São Gotardo - MG, from January to April 2006. The experimental design was randomized blocks with nine treatments (T0 = no topdressing control; T1 = 100 kg 20-00-20 ha-1 at 30 and 45 days after sowing; T2 = 200 kg 20-00-20 ha-1 at 30 and 45 days after sowing; T3 = 300 kg 20-00-20 ha-1at 30 and 45 days after sowing; T4 = 200 Kg 20-00-20 at 30 days after sowing; T5 = 200 kg 20-00-20 ha-1 at 45 days after sowing; T6 = 300 kg 20-00-20 ha-1 at 45 days after sowing; T7 = 130 kg Nitrocalcium ha-1 at 30 and 45 days after sowing; T8 = 130 kg Nitrocalcium ha-1 at 30 days after sowing and 133 kg 15-00-14 ha-1 at 45 days after sowing) and five repetitions. The root number and weight in each commercial class was evaluated: 10 (>10 < 14 cm), 14 (> 14 < 18 cm), 18 (>18 < 22 cm), 22 (> 22 < 26 cm), 26 (> 26 cm), the commercial (C), the non commercial (NC) and total (T) root number and weight were also evaluated. The total number of carrot roots (T) did not present significant differences with the top-dressing fertilizations. However, the total number of commercial roots (C) varied significantly with the top-dressing with increasing doses of the 20-00-20 (N-P2O5-K2O) fertilizer and the additional treatments. Root yield (kg ha-1) presented, in general, results similar to those observed for root number, with the exception of total (T) root yield (kg ha-1), which presented a significant change with topdressing fertilization and the increasing doses of the 20-00-20 fertilizers vs. additional treatments. Total yield of commercial roots (C) changed significantly with increasing doses of the fertilizer 20-00-20. Maximum root yield (27,505.1 kg ha-1) was obtained with the fertilization with 229.1 kg ha-1 of 20-00-20. However, this result is not significantly different from the yield of commercial roots obtained with the use of the additional treatments. No significant differences were observed among the treatments in the experiment, nor in the interaction of increasing doses of the 20-00-20 fertilizer in vs. additional treatments. The joint application of nitrogen, potassium and calcium sources increased commercial root yield, especially of those classified as C-18, which is the major commercial class, presenting greatest economical value, demand and is the most accepted in the market.

This study expanded the knowledge on tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seedling production by analyzing the effects of different container sizes and vermiculite doses in a commercial substrate and seed size and different sowing depths in a nursery seedling production. The experiments were done at the experimental farm Água Limpa in the sector of Fruit Crops, in a nursery with anti-aphid screens, with 0.38 mm2 opening. The farm is located at 19º05 23 S and 48º21 28 W, at 792 m altitude, in the county of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental design of the trials were randomized blocks, in a 3 x 3 or 2 x 3 factorial. In the first trial, were utilizadas three vermiculite doses (0%, 10% or 20% v v-¹) in three container sizes (18 x 30 cm, 20 x 25 cm or 25 x 35 cm), and in the second trial, utilizou-se two seed sizes (small and large) and three sowing depths (1cm; 2cm or 3cm), both of them with 5 repetitions and 5 plants per plot. The experiments were done from December 26 2006 to June 4 2007. In the first trial, results indicated that tamarind seedlings were not affected by container size, nor by the use of vermiculite. However, the largest container (25 x 35 cm) yielded longer root length, although reducing stem diameter and above ground fresh and dry matter. Mixing vermiculite to the substrate yielded better results for stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry matter of roots and above ground mass. In the second trial, the results indicated that bigger seeds yielded greater quality tamarind seedlings for plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry matter for above ground mass and roots. There were no significant differences in the parameters evaluated as a function of sowing depth. CHAPTER I: This study evaluated the effects of different vermiculite doses and container sizes in the development and quality of tamarind seedlings. The experiment was done in a nursery with anti-aphid screens, with 0.38 mm2 opening, in the sector of fruit Experimental Farm Água Limpa, county of Uberlândia (MG), from December 26 2006 to June 4 2007. The experimental design was randomized blocks , in a 3 x 3 factorial, with 5 repetitions and 5 plants per plot. The factors were three vermiculite doses (0%, 10% or 20% v v-¹) and three container sizes (18 x 30 cm, 20 x 25 cm or 25 x 35 cm). The development of tamarind seedlings was evaluated by the determination of the number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots and above ground matter. The results showed that tamarind seedling height was not affected by container sized nor by the use of vermiculite. The largest container (25 x 35 cm) yielded better root length; however, stem diameter and above ground fresh and dry matter were reduced. Mixing vermiculite to the substrate yielded better results for stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry matter of roots and above ground mass. CHAPTER II: The effect of seed size and different sowing depths on tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seedling vigor and vegetative growth was evaluated in a trial done in a screened nursery, with 0.38 mm2 opening, at the experimental farm Água Limpa, in a nursery with anti-aphid screens, in the county of Uberlândia,. The farm is located at 18º55 33 S and 48º17 19 W, at 872 m altitude, Minas Gerais, from December 26 2006 to June 4 2007. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 3 factorial, with 5 repetitions and 5 plants per plot. The factors were two seed sizes, small and large (65.60 g and 94.54 g respectively), defined according to the weight of 100 seeds and three sowing depths (1cm; 2cm or 3cm). The number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots and above ground matter were evaluated. The results indicate that tamarind seed size affected seedling initial development. There were no significant differences in the parameters evaluated as a function of sowing depth.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

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This study evaluated the adaptability and stability of 20 soybean genotypes, where 10 of them were lines of the breeding program of Monsoy Ltd. and the other 10 were commercially used controls. The experiments were done in the agricultural years 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, in the soybean macro-region 3 (micro-regions 301, 302 and 303). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three repetitions. Individual and joint analyses were done, considering genotype yield at the different locations and the averages were compared by the Scott Knott test (1974). Genotype adaptability and stability were evaluated by the methods of Eberhart and Russel, Annicchiarico, Lin and Binns and Centroid. The methods of Annicchiarico, Linn and Binns modified by Carneiro and Centroid presented coherence between them and allowed the identification, among the genotypes evaluated, of those of greater stability and adaptability. The lines 1, 2, 4 and 10 were the ones with general adaptability and stability. Lines 1, 2, and the control 20 were classified as those with adaptability and stability to favorable environments, while lines 3 and 10 and the controls 11 and 14 to unfavorable environments. In the analysis by region, lines 2 and 4 were statistically superior to all others in the regions 301, 302 and 303 and line 10, was simultaneously superior in the regions 301 and 302.

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Senescence (yellowing and needle drp) and death of mature plants has been observed in tropical pines forest stands established in the seventies in savannah areas of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba (MG) regions. Previous studies showed a close relationship between this physiologic patterns with nutrient deficients. Also, it is known that the seeds used in the establish of forest presented great genetic variability, which is expressed on the diversity of plant performance, since part of them remains healthy while another part shows a decline and death process, with variable intensity. This study was conducted as a continuation of the research line, based on the hypothesis that polymers associated with silicon (Si) would be obstructing the tracheids, thus contributing for plant nutritional collapse. Segments of roots and apical shoots of plants apparently healthy (green needles), in different senescence stages (yellowing needles) and dead were collected. These samples were processed and dried in a critical point dryer and analyzed in a scanning electron microscope coupled with an X-ray microprobe. The presence of Si and aluminium (Al) in xylem and phloem tissues was observed on shoots and roots. However, no obstruction or the presence of any Si-Al body in the conducting tissues was found. Moreover, the presence of Si was associated with Al according to a relation Al/Si of 2.6. The data also revealed that the Si variation range was 1.5 times greater than that of Al.

Chemical and physical attributes of an Acrustox subjected to different management systems were evaluated. The experiment was conducted at the Fazenda do Glória/UFU since 2000. The field experimental area was conducted during seven years, in a randomized block design, to evaluate some chemical and physical attributes of the soil, at depths of 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm, for different management systems (conventional and conservationist). The parameters examined were: density, porosity, macro and microporosity, aggregate stability, total organic carbon (TOC), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), nitrogen (N) and aluminum (Al3+). Statistical differences were found between conventional and conservationist treatments. The values indicated a density increase with the depth, combined with porosity decrease as the relationship macro/micropores and with lower aggregate stability in conventional system in comparison with the conservationist systems. Statistical differences of the chemical attributes of soil, between the conservationist and conventional treatments, were found only at the top 5 cm of the soil, only for the elements Ca, P and K. Aluminum correction was more efficient in the conventional system, due to lime addition in the soil, independent of gypsum addition.

The objectives of this research were: to evaluate the performance of doublehaploid cotton genotypes (HD) in relation to their parental genotypes in three contrasting environments of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to determine the possible genotype by environment interactions and stability and adaptability parameters. In the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, the cotton growing regions present a wide environmental variation. The field trials were conducted in the 2006/2007 growing season, at three representative locations of the regions: Triângulo Mineiro (Uberaba), Alto Paranaíba (Patos de Minas) and North (Nova Porteirinha). The experimental design used was the complete randomized-block, with five replications. The data collected for the main characters of economic importance (agronomic and fiber properties) were analyzed for each location as well as for the three locations, by means of the software GENES. Analyses of adaptability and stability were performed, when pertaining, by the methods of Annicchiarico (1992) and Lin & Binns (1988). No significant GxE interactions were found for the great majority of the characters evaluated. The double-haploids presented, in average, improved performance over their original parents in the three environments and thus the technique of haploid chromosome complement doubling did not induced negative effects (inbreeding depression). The double-haploids were, in general, more stable than the parental genotypes they were derived of, which demonstrated that the semigamy method is efficient and promising for the development of new genotypes. It was not confirmed the hypothesis that the high levels of expected homozygosis of the DH genotypes could imply lesser stability over different environments. In the location of Uberaba, the DH genotypes in general presented smaller variation than their respective parents for the traits evaluated, thus confirming the efficiency of the method. The DH-EPAMIG-4 was more variable than its parent as well as than the other DH genotypes. The locations were quite contrasting in terms of environment and therefore were representative of the cotton growing regions of the state.

Common balm, Melissa officinalis is a medicinal plant with great increment perspective for the cosmetics industry due to its essential oil. Studies on agricultural practices are required to optimize its yield. This study evaluated the effect of different doses of organic fertilizer (cow manure) in comparison with mineral fertilizer on biomass production and essential oil yield. The experiment was done at Glória Experimental Farm, of Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, and the oil extraction was done at the no Centro de Genética, Biologia Molecular e Fitoquimica of Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 kg/m2 of manure and a mineral fertilization with 30g of 4- 14-8/m2), with four repetitions. Hydro-distillation was done with a modified Clevenger distiller for essential oil extraction. Plant height, total and leaf fresh matter and leaf dry matter, per plant and per hectare, were affected as a function of organic fertilizer dose, presenting a significant change with linear adjustment to the doses of manure applied. The two fertilization forms were better than the non-fertilized control for all variables, except for the proportion leaf length and width and oil contents in the leaf dry matter. There was no significant difference for the fresh leaf oil contents between the nonfertilized control and the mineral fertilization. It can be concluded that common balm is responsive to organic fertilization with manure and mineral fertilization for biomass production; essencial oil yield presented the same contents for al treatments, wich change was the percentage (%) of some chemical contents. The major contents were neral, geranial e citronelal.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

This work aimed to evaluate the adaptability and stability of 16 soybean genotypes, being 6 strains from Monsoy Ltda s soybean breeding program and 10 check. The experiments were conducted in the harvests 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 in the soy microregions 301 and 401. The experimental design was the randomized block design with three repetitions. Individual and joint analyses were accomplished considering the productivity of the genotypes in different places and the averages were compared by the Scott and Knott test (1974). The adaptability and stability of the genotypes were evaluated through the methods of Eberhart and Russel, Annicchiarico, Linn and Binn and Centroide. The methods of Annicchiarico, Linn and Binns, modified by Carneiro and Centroide, have shown consistency between them and have allowed the identification, among the evaluated genotypes, the ones with bigger stability and adaptability. The check M7908RR, M8199RR and BRS VALIOSA RR are of general stability and adaptability. The strains 4 and 5 and the check M7908RR, M7578RR and M7211RR, have been classified with high adaptability and stability in favorable environments and the check M8199RR to unfavorable environments. To the microregion analysis separately, the strains 4 and 5 and check BRS VALIOSA RR showed a bigger average of productivity in two years toward the microregion 301, and in the microregion 401 the check M7908RR, M7578RR and M7211RR, showed the better averages in two years. Comparing the environments amidst two microregions, it was noticed that the environments are quite different and this shows that the separation of these two microregions is worth enough when it is thought about evaluation of genotypes toward the adaptability and stability of soybean genotypes.

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Distance learning presents great potential for mitigating field problems on pesticide spraying technology. This methodology does not intend to replace live trainings, but complement them, especially considering the importance of field practices for this activity. Thus, due to the lack of teaching material about pesticide spraying technology and the increasing availability of distance learning, this study developed and evaluated a computer program for distance learning of the theory of pesticide spraying technology, using the tools of information technology. The modules comprising the course, named Pulverizar , were: (1) Basic concepts, (2) What affects spraying?, (3) Equipment, (4) Spraying nozzles, (5) Sprayer calibration, (6) Aircraft spraying, (7) Chemigation, (8) Physical-chemical properties, (9) Formulations, (10) Adjuvants, (11) Water quality, and (12) Adequate use of pesticides. The program was made available to the public on July 1st 2008, hosted at the site www.pulverizar.iciag.ufu.br, and was simple, robust and practical on the complementation of traditional teaching for the education of professionals in Agricultural Sciences. The system allows the access to the contents to professionals interested on the topic anywhere, at any time, and no cost. Mastering the pesticide spraying technology by people involved on agricultural production can be facilitated by the program Pulverizar, which was well accepted in its initial evaluation.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals grown in the whole world. The discovery of hybridization effects on vegetable species, as well as the yield increase given by hybrid maize, boosted the seed production system through crossings of endogamic lines and progenitors. One of the major obstacles for the success on seed production is weed competition for water and nutrients. Weed control is done with cultural practices, and one of the most important is the use of herbicies. However, little is known about the effect of the herbicides on maize genotypes used for seed production. This study evaluated the effect of the herbicides nicosulfuron and atrazine on 10 maize genotypes, 6 of them were endogamic lines and the other 4 were progenitors, in the county of Paranapanema, state of São Paulo. The trial was located in the coordinates 23°29'18.1''S and 48°45'47.8''W; treatments consisted of the aplication of nicosulfuron (dose: 60g a.i. ha-1), the mixture of nicosulfuron (dose: 30g a.i. ha-1) + atrazine (dose: 1.2 kg a.i. ha-1) or the application of atrazine alone (dose: 2.4 kg a.i. ha- 1), while the control consisted of the treatment with no herbicides, only manual hoeing. The maize genotypes analyzed presented different reactions to the herbicides tested, presenting chances in the cycle and even yield depression, reinforcing the importance of the study of the effects of each product on each genotype before using them in seed production fields.

The cultivation of coffee is in fast development in the Cerrado areas, these areas present soil with favorable physical properties to the development of the coffee cultivation and to mechanization, however in these areas, the soil are very weathered, naturally acid and shows low fertility. With the expansion of the coffee cultivation, new challenges had been incorporated, since that the use of technology and correct handling becomes primordial factors for the maintenance and increase of productivity and profitability. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the following physical and chemical attributes of the soil: density, microporosity, macroporosity, total porosity, aggregation through the stability of the aggregates by humid way (DMG), total organic carbon, calcium and magnesium, in the coffee grown submitted to different systems of handling of spontaneous plants with different regions of sampling, through the classic statistics and geo-statistics. The area of the research was situated in the Fazenda do Glória UFU- Uberlândia - MG. For sampling of the soil were demarcated four meshes of 1120 m2, contends in each 60 equidistant points of 3 x 4.5 m geo authenticated, in system of dry land and fertirrigated, with control of spontaneous plants by herbicide and disc harrows. In March/2006 (rainy season of the year) and August/2006 (dry season of the year) were removed 480 samples in the depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. The samples were removed alternated in the following regions: half of the street, skirt of the coffee plant and tractor traffic line, for each season in order to study the dynamics of all attributes according with Embrapa methodology (1997). The means was compared by test t of Student (0,05 of significance), the analysis of the spatial variability was carried out through semivariograms, obtained for computational program GS+7 for Windows (Gamma Design Software), using the kriging methodology for estimates of the places not sampled. It was verified that the use of herbicides promoted the preservation of the physical and chemical attributes due deposition of remaining vegetal portions on the surface of the soil. The mixing soil, promoted by the use of the disc harrows caused reduction of the density and porosity, reduction of the DMG of the aggregates, increase of the macroporosity and high tax of oxidation of carbon. The skirt of the coffee plant presented highest values of the DMG of aggregates, porosity (macro and micro) and lowest levels of Ca+2 and Mg+2. The tractor traffic line region presented highest values of density, microporosity, Ca+2 and Mg+2 of the soil and lowest values of DMG of aggregates, total porosity and macroporosity of the soil. The results of the geo-statistics analysis indicated spatial dependence for the physical and chemical attributes of the soil. Overall, the mathematical models more adapted to describe the behavior of the semivariograms of attributes of the soil were the Exponential - EXP and the Spherical ESF ones. The EXP model proves the existence of similarity between neighboring points that must be considered in carrying out estimates of values not showed and the ESF model indicates that there is a spatial dependence, the samples for these attributes are correlated between itself.

Cotton is the most important vegetable fiber for man who uses it as a raw material in the production of tissues which has intrinsic qualities unequaled to in other fibers. For this reason, the viability of the seed has been receiving special attention, since its quality is demonstrated in the subsequent cultures, in terms of uniformity, greater performance of plants and, consequently, greater productivity. The objective of this work was to quantify the effects and establish the appropriate concentrations of the Stimulate® bio-stimulant applied to seed or leaf, in the agronomic characteristics of field and laboratory and in the fiber properties cv. DP 660. The maternal effect was also evaluated in seeds deriving from parent plants which were cultivated under the effect of the same bio-stimulant. The field experiment was carried out on the experimental farm of the D&PL Brasil Ltda. in Uberlândia-MG, from January to July of 2007. The experimental design used was a completely randomized, with five treatments and four replications, including control (1); 15 (2) and 20 mL kg-1 in seed treatment (3); 15 mL kg-1 in seed treatment and 300 mL ha-1 in leaf spraying (4); 20 mL kg-1 in seed treatment and 300 mL ha-1 in leaf spraying (5). The germination experiments were carried out at the Ecophysiology Plant Laboratory of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, being installed in germination chamber between 25.5 and 26.0 ºC. The emergence experiments were installed in greenhouse covered with 50% light reducing screen, between 17.9 and 29.3 ºC. Data were collected every 24 hours; the protrusion of the embryo being observed for the experiments set up in the laboratory and the emergency of any part of the seedling above the substratum for the experiments maintained in greenhouse. The germination and emergence experiments were divided into two groups, the first being carried out with seeds originating from parent plants treated with biostimulant and the second group made with seeds treated directly with bio-stimulant. The seeds treated directly with the bio-stimulant were maintained in control (1) and with Stimulate® at doses of 15 (2), 20 (3), 25 (4) and 30 mL kg-1 seed (5). The bio-stimulant as seed treatment and leaf application did not alter the agronomic characteristics of field, nor did it alter the fiber properties significantly. The seeds produced by parent plant treated with bio-stimulant presented higher emergency percentage (96.87 &#8804; E &#8804; 100%), in relation to control treatment (94.53%), indicating that bio-stimulant application can benefit seed production fields. For the other characteristics evaluated significant differences were not detected among treatments.