Repositório RCAAP

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of retrobulbar anesthesia in cats with levobupivacaine chloride 0.5% and lidocaine chloride 2% without vasoconstrictor. Fourteen cats were divided into two groups and underwent preanesthetic medication with acepromazine maleate and propofol. Retrobulbar block was performed in the medial corner of the eyelids of the right eyeball with levobupivacaine hydrochloride (Group I) and lidocaine (Group II) without vasoconstrictor. We evaluated the M0 moments i.e. six hours prior to PAM, M1:15 minutes after PAM, when it was taken the anesthetic, as well as the periods M2: 15, M3: 30, M4: M5: 45 and M6: 60 minutes after the anesthetic block. The duration of block with lidocaine was 50 minutes, and 65 minutes with levobupivacaine without change in systolic blood pressure. Anesthetic promoted block of the corneal and the oculocephalic reflexes, being that the loss of sensibility and return of the corneal reflexes were faster with the levobupivacaine than with the lidocaine. No changes in the coloration of the eyelid and bulbar conjunctivae and decentralization of the globe were noted. Anesthetics caused retrobulbar anesthesia in cats, being that 0.5% levobupivacaine promotes appearance of rash in the bulbar and the eyelid conjunctivae, greater reduction in tear production and increased intraocular pressure. Anesthetics are not able to restrict the palpebral reflexes, but they may be used for intraocular surgery.

Aimed to evaluate the effects of including millet and corn oil in sorghum-based diets on performance, carcass yield and prime cuts and relative weight of the edible offal of broilers, beyond the effects of diet, sex and age on the mean body temperature (TCM), mean surface temperature (TSM) and the litter temperature. Six hundred and eighty four Hubbard Flex ® male and female broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design and submitted to the diets: A) Sorghum+Soybean meal/Soybean Oil (Control); B) Sorghum+Soybean meal/Corn Oil and C) Sorghum+Soybean meal/Millet+Soybean Oil; with six replicates of 38 birds each (19 males and 19 females). Ambient temperature and humidity were monitored by data loggers. At 14, 21, 35 and 42 days the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and viability were evaluated. At 42 days the live weight, carcass yield, cuts and edible offal were obtained. At seven, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days, the litter temperature in each boxing was recorded in seven points. One male and one female from each replicate were chosen for recording the temperatures: wing, head, shin, back and cloaca, to obtain the TSM and TCM. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, live weight, viability, carcass yield, wings, breast, thigh and drumstick and the relative weight of the gizzard, heart and liver was not altered by the inclusion of millet or corn oil in diets. There was an interaction between sex x age for the variables TSM and TCM; and litter temperature only for age. It was concluded that in sorghum-based diets for broilers, millet and corn oil can be added without compromising the productivity of birds and that TSM e TCM decrease as the birds grow older while the litter temperature increases. The diet does not influence TCM, TSM and litter temperature of broiler.

This paper aimed at determining the best moment to transfer hatching eggs to the hatcher, optimizing the incubation period, increasing the incubation yield with no interference at chicks quality when compared to the traditional incubation method. The experiment was carried out at a hatchery in the city of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, using broiler breeders from the commercial line Cobb. The experimental design was 2X4, considering two breeders age (35 weeks and 52 weeks old) and four moments of transference from incubator to the hatcher, which were at 16, 17, 18 and 19 days of incubation. After the transference, the eggs remained in the hatcher during five, four, three and two days, respectively, totaling about 504 hours of incubation. Each treatment included the evaluation of 90 hatched chicks, being 30 chicks evaluated in three heights of the incubation cart (first, middle and last tray). The parameters evaluated were: chick length and weight, yolk, heart, liver and intestine weight. There was influence of the breeders age related to the parameters analyzed, where it could be observed at chicks from older hens largest egg weight, chick length and weight, yolk, heart and liver weight but only intestine showed no difference among the breeders ages. There was no influence of the transference moment on body mass of chicks at birth, but there was an increase in length of chicks closer the transferring age at 19 days. There was influence of the transference moment on the organs of chicks transferred to the hatcher after 16 days of incubation, where it was observed the trend of further organs development compared to other times of transference, showing that in order to acquire the body mass obtained there was a greater physiological demand of organs in these birds. As a suggestion, further papers can be performed to analyze the performance data at the field.

This study aimed to characterize the Minas Artesanal cheese produced in Uberlândia and check the minimum maturation period in which they reached the microbiological standards required by law. The physico-chemical characteristics (humidity, fat, fat in dry extract, acidity, sodium chloride, protein, ash and foreign material) and microbiological (total coliforms, E. coli, yeasts and molds, positive coagulase Staphylococcus, Salmonella spp were evaluated., and Listeria monocytogenes) of cheeses produced in rainy and dry season for up to 26 days of maturation, before and after the best practices training. In addition, to assess the hygienic-sanitary conditions in which the cheeses were produced was also performed analyzes of hands, equipment, water potability, pingo and milk. The strains identified as positive coagulase Staphylococcus were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. We observed a large amount of foreign material in cheese as hairs, insect fragments and particles not identified, featuring none of the properties were in accordance with the standards of good manufacturing practices. The maturation period and % of cheeses humidity influenced (p <0.05) to total coliform and E. coli reduces over time, whereas for positive coagulase Staphylococcus there was no significant influence. We defined that microbiological parameters required by law have been achieved on day 26 of maturation. Listeria monocytogenes was not found in all samples and only one sample analyzed on the first day of maturation was positive for Salmonella spp. The maturation influenced the increase of the average values of chloride, protein, acidity, ash and fat and decreased humidity (p <0.05) in both cheeses produced in the dry and rainy seasons. All samples of water, pingo, milk and equipment presented counts for coliform and in hands were identified positive coagulase Staphylococcus. Among 77 strains isolated from coagulase positive cheeses, 48 (62.34%) were resistant to penicillin G and 42 (54.55%) to ampicillin, while for the other antibiotics tested, the resistance was lower, 1 (1.3%) to gentamicin, 25 (32.47%) for Oxacillin, 12 (15.58%) for Azithromycin, 6 (7.79%) for Clindamycin, 1 (1.3%) to Sulphazotrim and 14 (18.18%) to Erythromycin. Antimicrobial resistance to oxacillin and ampicillin was influenced by aging time (p <0.05). The sizes of inhibition zones for the antibiotic oxacillin decreased throughout maturation, but increased when ampicillin was tested. We conclude that 26 days are required for the maturation of cheeses meet the microbiological standards recommended by the legislation, but only this criterion is not sufficient to ensure safety in the consumption of food, requiring strict control and supervision in all production stages.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The present study aimed to compare three nutritional programs, developed with rations based on whole grain sorghum without tannin, evaluating the growth performance, carcass yield and cuts, gastrointestinal development and the absorption surface of the small intestine of broilers. In total, 1360 broiler chicks, mixed (50:50), with a day-old lineage Hubbard Flex were distributed according to a completely randomized design composed of four treatments and ten replications each, as follows: three programs with whole sorghum grain-based ration (nutrition program with daily adjustment, nutritional program with adjustment every three days and four phases) and a program with ground sorghum grain-based ration (four phases). The variables analyzed were the feed intake; weight gain; feed conversion; viability; eviscerated carcass yield and cuts (chest (full and boned), thighs/drumsticks and wings); chemical composition of the pectoral muscle; relative weight of the small intestine (ID) and gizzard; length, histomorphometry and absorption area ID. Performance variables were submitted to ANOVA. The variables of yield, composition, relative weight of gizzard and ID and ID length were submitted to ANOVA in factorial scheme (4x2). In the variable ID histomorphometry of males applied the ANOVA. Verification of the strength and direction of a linear relationship between the weight of gizzard and intestine weight was made through the Pearson correlation coefficient. Nutrition program with adjustment daily and every three days showed better feed conversion, didn´t affect carcass yield and commercial cuts, promoted an increase in size of the gizzard, which result in further development of the small intestine. It is concluded that the daily feeding programs could be made possible in the poultry industry with the mixture of sorghum grains and concentrates directly on farms running for better logistics and shipping cost of feed.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of Campylobacter jejuni and quantify indicator microorganisms (mesophilic bacteria, total coliforms and E. coli) in initial and final broiler feed artificially contaminated with 103 and 105 CFU of C. jejuni per gram of ration, kept at two different temperatures of storage (25 and 370C) and analyzed on four different storage periods 0, 24, 72 and 120 hours. C. jejuni survived throughout the study period and multiplied when inoculated with 103UFC, with the highest counts observed when the feed was kept at a temperature of 370C. Overall, there was a multiplication of mesophilic microorganisms, but the amount of coliforms didn´t increase with time. This work shows that the importance of feed in the epidemiology of C. jejuni in broilers should be better assessed and instigates other studies to verify the possible symbiotic relationship between C. jejuni and mesophilic.

This study evaluated the prevalence and analysis of risk factors for Neospora spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in horses (horses, mules and ponies), within rural and urban areas of Uberlândia. Serum samples from 257 horses were evaluated for the presence of antibodies against Neospora spp.e T. gondii by the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and molecular diagnosis by the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, a survey was conducted to evaluate the possible risk factors (genetic group, age, gender, economic activity, history of miscarriage, contact with domestic and wild animals and ECC). Of 257 blood samples evaluated, 13.2% (34/257) had a positive by IIF for Neospora spp. PCR and the overall prevalence of 1.2% (3/257) was found. There was a significant difference when comparing the frequency of positive animals between techniques. Of the factors studied, age was considered a risk factor for Neospora spp. Compared to Toxoplasma gondii, 9.7% (25/257) had a positive by IIF, and PCR were 10.9% (28/257). When comparing rural and urban areas, only the PCR was no statistically significant difference. By IIF only gender and age were risk factors. On the PCR technique, the only significant risk factor was the genetic group. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a T. gondii and Neospora spp. distributed throughout the city of Uberlândia and its prevalence is independent of rural or urban area. Being the genetic group, age and gender considered risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp age for.

This study evaluated the viability and capability of transcription of genes ciaB, dnaJ, p19, sodB by two strains of Campylobacter jejuni (NCTC 11351 and IAL 2383) retrieved from Minas Frescal cheeses, made with pasteurized milk experimentally inoculated with the micro-organism. The cheeses were stored at 4 °C for 10 days and periodi cally evaluated for the presence/quantify of coliform group, Staphylococcus coagulase positive, Campylobacter jejuni, besides acidity, pH, umidity and sodium chloride. The Campylobacter isolates recovered from cheeses were evaluated by RT-PCR technique to check if there was a change in their transcriptomes. Storage at 4º C reduced the counts of C. jejuni from the first to the fourth day and led to undetectable levels after the seventh day. The decrease of umidity and pH and the increasing of acidity in Minas Frescal was correlated with the decrease in viability of C. jejuni. There was a reduction in the production of transcripts of the four genes tested, more pronounced on the fourth day of storage, when p19 and sodB transcripts have not been found anymore. The consumption of Minas Frescal cheese contaminated with Campylobacter can be threatening to infect humans when consumed up to four days after its manufacture.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the reduction in somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) in bovine milk to acceptable parameters, using a dietary supplement, in three different dosages. The dietary supplement consisted basically of organic minerals derived from Lithothamnium calcareum (92.5 g/kg), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.5 g/kg) and yeast cell walls (5g/kg). Twelve crossbred cows that were more than 60 days postpartum and produced more than 20 Kg of milk/day were used in this research, which was conducted at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Uberlândia (Fazenda Experimental do Glória, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil). During the first 75 days, the animals were confined and received feed and silage. During the following 75 days, the animals were received feed and pasture. The 12 cows were divided into four groups of three animals each, the animals of each group receiving 0, 40, 60 or 80g of supplement per day. The supplement was mixed in 4 kg of feed and offered during milking. Milk samples were collected each month, the first one at the beginning of the experiment and the remaining samples every 30 days. These samples were collected at the beginning of the afternoon milking, before the placement of the teat cups, and were kept in containers with bronopol (2-bromo, 2-nitro-1, 3 propanediol). After being collected, the samples were cooled and sent to the Centro de Tecnologia para o Gerenciamento da Pecuária de Leite, at the Clínica do Leite (Esalq-USP). Flow cytometry was used to determine the SCC and flow cytometry PO ANA 010 was used to determine TBC. The average SCC ranged between 1,07 x 105 cells/mL and 2,78 x 105 cells/mL. The average TBC ranged between 4 x 103 CFU/mL and 17 x 103 CFU/mL. No significant changes in SCC and TBC counts were observed, regardless of the dosage used was observed.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The dairy cattle is a major financial activities in Brazil, but suffers by the presence of parasites, particularly Rhipicephalus microplus. Treatment of parasitic diseases with allopathic products is common, but leave residues in meat and milk, besides to induce resistance in ticks. Homeopathy has been applied successfully by some producers. This work aimed to evaluate the effect biotherapic against ticks in 36 crossbred female cattle Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus, divided into three experimental groups of 12 animals each. The T1 group received biotherapics, T2 group was placed in the same pasture with the same management and received placebo, the T3 group was placed in a separate pasture and received placebo. Daily engorged gravid females (above 4 mm) were counted and notes were taken for 4 months, the animals were randomly separated considering susceptibility to ectoparasite. After this period, daily counting continued and recording the number of engorged female ticks above 4 mm. The monthly sum of gravid females was obtained by observing the daily count of gravid females between the 20th month and 19th day of the following month Each month, the CBC was performed and measured the-glutamyl GGT concentration indices cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase-ALP, AST aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma in blood plasma. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in layout plots in time consists of three groups, seven months review with 12 repetitions totaling 252 reviews from 23 variables , 15 were provided by the CBC, four of the plasma biochemical examination, two of the observations of parasites and two from the observations of animals. It was found that the T1 group gravid females had engorged less than T2 which had engorged females less than T3. Gravid females with morphological changes were found adhered to the skin of the T1 group and three times occured an infestation of the parasite life stages which didn\'t ingurgitate in the T1 group. In blood tests revealed that there were no statistical differences between groups, but platelet ,eosinophils in group T1 differ between months , despite being among the values considered normal for species. Enzymes observed were within normal limits and there was no statistical difference between months or between groups. The animals had body condition scores between 2 and 4 and the milk produced was within the levels of the MAPA Normative Instruction 62. The biotherapic reduced the infestation of ticks in the T1 group.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on sorghum grain, whole and ground, supplied to broilers at different stages of creation, on the performance, organs and intestinal mucosa morphometry, and goblet cell count. We performed a food program composed of four phases, with the diets based on sorghum without tannin and corn, divided into treatments: ground grain sorghum; ground corn grain; whole sorghum grain from housing (pre-starter); whole sorghum grain from the initial ration; whole sorghum grain from the fattening ration; whole sorghum grain on the housing and ground sorghum grain from the starter feed; and whole grain sorghum in the housing and ground corn from the initial feed. At 42 days old data of feed intake, live weight gain, real and traditional feed conversion, and viability we evaluated. Five animals from each treatment were slaughtered, and organs collected for morphometric evaluation and goblet cells quantification. At 42 days of age the inclusion of whole or ground sorghum secured higher body weight and better feed conversion than corn ground. We observed greater duodenal villus height, smaller crypt depth and greater absorption area in animals of treatment whole grain sorghum in the housing and ground corn from the initial feed, compared to whole sorghum grain from the fattening ration. The use of sorghum grain, free of tannin, from housing, or included in the initial or fattening stages of broiler raising, assured satisfactory performance characteristics, without affecting the morphometric parameters of gastrointestinal tube, accessory glands and intestinal goblet cells proliferation.

In order to assess the influence of the estrous cycle, bacterial isolation, cystic endometrial hyperplasia ( HEC ) in clinically healthy and without uterine diseases and pyometra in the examination of endometrial cytology bitches, 105 healthy and 33 bitches with pyometra were used. All animals underwent ovariohysterectomy and uteri macroscopically assessed and collected samples for microbiological evaluation, endometrial histology and cytology technique for endometrial brush ( cytobrush ) . The phase of anestrus showed difference in the percentage of neutrophils and endometrial epithelial cells. The bitches endometrial cytology and no histologic changes bacterial isolation in accordance with the phase of the estrous cycle were as follows: a) proestrus (neutrophils 2,05 + 0,64%, eosinophils 0,07 + 0,07%; endometrial epithelial cells 97,87 + 0,63% ), b) estrus (neutrophils 4,55 + 1,76%, eosinophils 0,83 + 0,83, endometrial epithelial cells 94,62 + 1,83) c ) diestrus (neutrophils 7,87 + 4,07%; endometrial epithelial cells 92,13 % + 4,07 ) and d) anestrus (neutrophils 0,24 + 0,24%; endometrial epithelial cells 99,75 + 0,24%). There was an increase in the percentage of neutrophils and endometrial epithelial cells in the proestrus phase of the animals with bacterial isolation. The pyometra interfere with presence of neutrophils increased ( 60,30 + 4,32%), and lymphocytes ( 1,71 + 0,52 %). Neutrophils were more leukocytes found in all cytological evaluations. It was concluded that endometrial cytology is a useful tool in knowledge of cytological changes and the phase of the estrous cycle influence the endometrial cytology. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia and bacterial isolation do not interfere in endometrial cytology. The independent influences pyometra endometrial cytology classification of histological changes, and neutrophils cells more gifts.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Aimed to evaluate the corn oil in diets based on sorghum as an alternative to replacement of soybean oil for broilers, comparing digestibility of feed, crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE); apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn); between the two oils in two steps: 17-21 days and 31-35 days; The chemical analysis of the breast muscle, feed cost (Yi), economic efficiency index (EEI) and cost index (CI) for live weight and carcass between lipid sources was also performed. The design was completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial design (with ration with soybean oil and corn oil and 17-21 days and 31-35 days), and digestibility was four replicates per treatment with two birds per experimental unit for each phase and for the chemical analysis of chest with six replicates per treatment one bird per experimental unit. Was no diet x age interaction for CP digestibility, which was higher at 17-21 days using soybean oil. The digestibility of the ration was increased to 31-35 days compared to 17-21 days of age. The digestibility of EE was not altered by the treatments and the ages. The use of corn oil resulted in higher EMA to 17-21 days of age, AME and AMEn to 31-35 days of age, while there was no difference in AMEn to 17-21 days. The composition of breast, no differences in deposition of EE were found. For the deposition of CP and dry matter (DM) corn oil showed better values for moisture while breast soybean oil resulted in higher levels. The result of economic viability benefited soybean oil. Corn oil can replace soya oil in diets containing sorghum, improving the apparent metabolizable energy of feed and the composition of the breast.