Repositório RCAAP

The objective was to develop a method to obtain an autologous rich plasma in platelets with few leukocytes and blood cells using the whole blood of rabbits submitted to two centrifugations. Blood was collected by intracardiac route 10.5mL and distributed into three tubes of blood sedimentation containing sodium citrate. The tubes with blood was submitted to centrifugation at 2,000 rpm (670,8G) for 20 minutes and the sedimentation columns were aspirated from each tube 1.000μL of plasma to reduce the volume of supernatant. It was aspirated the plasma above the ring of leukocytes and transferred it to another tube to centrifugate again at 2000 rpm (670.8 L) for 10 minutes. The platelet content in the bottom of the tube was resuspended and homogenized 1.000μL the supernatant plasma to form the PRP liquid (Group G1). The capacity of platelet activation was observed from the formation of a clot called PRP gel (group G2) when it was added 100mL of rabbit thromboplastin, calcium chloride 0.0125 mol /l and sodium chloride 0.1 mol / l of PRP 100mL liquid. The counting of the platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes total number was done before and after centrifugations and they were performed in a veterinary automatic hematology analyzer. It was noted in G1, an increase of 61.58% in relation to platelet blood count to get the average concentration of 370 484 platelets / uL in PRP and were eliminated from the process 71% to 89% of leukocytes and erythrocytes. The evaluation by transmission electron microscopy identified in G1 that platelets showed morphological integrity preserved and individualized, with intact cell membrane, emission of pseudopods and centralization of granules and organelles. In G2, the platelets were grouped, with difficult to identify the intracytoplasmic structures of cell, membrane lysis, shedding of cytoplasmic granules into the extracellular place and the presence of fibrin. The method for obtaining an autologous plasma rich of platelets in rabbits is simple and reduce the number of leukocytes and blood cells and the platelets continue with a morphological and functional integrity.

This study aimed at identifying lesions in the respiratory tract of chickens caused by hatchers disinfection, performed by micro-sprinkler with peracetic acid and ammonia associated with glutaraldehyde. The experiment was conducted in a hatchery in Uberlândia - MG, in June 2013. Three treatments were performed, one treatment for hatcher, considering all hatchers were in the same room and had the same mechanisms of temperature, humidity and ventilation control. The treatments were: hatcher spraying with a solution of peracetic acid diluting two ml per liter of water 300 ppm (T1) hatcher spraying with a solution of ammonia associated with glutaraldehyde diluting one ml of water per liter - 75 e 450 ppm (T2) and spraying water (T3 or control). At the end of 48 hours, 16 chicks per treatment were collected in the hatcher. Each trachea was divided into three samples. A sample was fixed and processed for evaluation through light microscopy, another sample was processed for evaluation through transmission electron microscopy and the last fragment was analyzed right after its collection through cilioestase method for cilia movement evaluation. There was a significant difference only in the material evaluated by light microscopy between chicks exposed to environmental ammonia and glutaraldehyde (T2) related to the control group (T3), considering that these chicks showed more severe injuries, such as areas with less cilia and areas of tracheal mucosa flaking. Chicks exposed to disinfection with peracetic acid in hatchers did not show lesions of the tracheal mucosa. Therefore, when using dosages of this study, the peracetic acid is the disinfectant which best replaces the formaldehyde to reduce contamination in commercial hatchers environments in hatcheries, considering the emergence of some possible tracheal lesions.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the growth performance, yield cuts, carcass composition and metabolizable energy intake, lysine and methionine + cystine in male broiler chickens, 21 days to 42 days, with different diets based on sorghum grain, ground grain sorghum and corn. 112 Cobb 500 strain of birds divided into 28 cages with four birds per cage were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and seven repetitions: control group (T1) containing: a diet based on ground corn and soybean meal ; Treatment 2 (T2) with a diet based on ground sorghum and soybean meal; Treatment 3 (T3) with ground sorghum grain and soybean meal and treatment 4 (T4) with T3 in separate feed troughs in fraction (a): sorghum grain fraction and (b) concentrate containing the other feed ingredients properly mixed system (libre choice). Were studied, feed intake (FI); Body weight (BW); feed conversion rate (FCR); Viability (V); breast yield (BY); thigh (T) and drumstick (D); chemical composition of pectoris (CP) and thigh with drumstick (TD); daily intakes of metabolizable energy (ME), lysine (L) and methionine + cystine (MC). These variables were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and treatment means compared to each other by the Scott-Knott test (P <0.05). We conclude that the use of sorghum grain in diets is feasible and contributes to reduce manufacturing and logistics costs in the poultry industry and promotes the same results of growth performance, yield and chemical composition of cuts compared to diets with corn and sorghum ground. The strategy of feeding the birds in the free choice system with sorghum whole grain separated and concentrated at the feeder in the period 21-42 days of age, demonstrates a high degree of capacity for self regulation of poultry intake of energy and protein.

The use of medicinal plants has increased world wide. Therefore it is necessary to know their possible effects in order to establish their correct use. The objective of this study was to asses the effects of Hyptis suaveolens and Croton urucurana cream in the tissue repair of skin wounds. In the present experiment, it has been used 72 females, adults mice (Mus musculus) lineage suis (Swiss Vallé), with an approximately weight of 50 each. In each mice it was made a 10,0mm wound on its dorsal region. The mice were divided in three groups, named droups, I, II and III. The cutaneous wounds of group I were treated using base cream, group II with Hyptis suaveolens ointment and group III with Croton urucurana oitment.I In the third day of PO the wounds of group I, II and III have presented themselves dry, with regular borders. In the histological valuation were found significative differences between groups I and II, where group I presented a higher percentage of polimorphonuclear cells than group II, and the percentage of polimorphonucleares cell was higher than group III. In the seventh day of PO the group I wounds have presented with a humid aspect, irregular border, rose coloured and with an scab which could be detached easily. In the fourteenth day of PO it has been observed higher mononuclear cells in group I than in group II and higher polimorfphonuclear cells quantity than in group III. It has not been observed in neither groups a complete reepitelization in the fourteenth day of PO, however the wounds were more regular in groups II and III and possessed a more organized granulation tissue. In the twenty-first day PO the wounds areas of groups I, II and III did not differ statically, but it has been found a higher collagen percentage in group II than in group I and its granulation tissue was more organized than the other groups. We concluded the Hyptis suaveolens ointment performed a better reepitelization than the other groups.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Alterations in kidney shape and size are important clinical signs of renal disturbs. Kidney ultrasonography complements information obtained by clinical, laboratorial and radiographic exams, being of basic importance in the evaluation of nephropathies. The knowledge of normal Kidney size and anatomy of the dog is of great value, therefore the presence of alterations assists in the diagnostic and prognostic of renal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine kidney dimensions through ultrasonography of healthy Dachshund dogs and to make a correlation of these measures with body weight. Thirty Dachshund dogs (12 males and 18 females), adults, health, ranging in body weight from 4,8 to 12 kg and in age from one to eight years, were used. Ultrasonographic exam were realized to measure kidney linear measures through sagittal, transverse and dorsal plans of section to evaluate the length (L), width (W) and height (H). The Kidney volume (V) was estimated from these mean linear measures using the following formula for the volume of an ellipsoide: V =L x W x H x 0,523. The mean values of length, width, height and renal volume were respectively 4,59; 2,29; 2,42 cm; 13,69 cm3 for right kidney and 4,63; 2,42; 2,45 cm; 14,80 cm3 for the left. The left renal dimensions were significantly larger than the right one and also the males kidneys were larger than the females. The linear measures and renal volume were correlated to body weight and it was observed positive correlation between all the variables. Ultrasonography is a trusting method of easy application for measuring Kidney dimensions. It can be used safety to evaluate Kidney size.

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Product quality is critical to its acceptance in the market. Monitoring milk quality goes beyond meeting the consumer; products with poor quality affect industrial processes inducing damage. Paying a bonus for the product quality is a way to educate the producers about the importance of quality from raw material. Bonuses are also used to gratify products that have better results than the minimum required quality standards. However, deductions are used to warn farmers who do not understand the risk of producing a food product without the slightest control and monitoring. There are several statistical analyzes that can be developed to monitor the quality of the dairy product collected quickly, accurately and objectively. Among them, it can be mentioned the tools of statistical process control, such as the ability to index and control charts for mean and standard deviation. The objective was to review the means of monitoring the SCC and TBC as milk quality scores and statistics propose ways of monitoring. It was possible to judge accurately the properties, thus demonstrating the applicability and the need to use statistical methods that enable precision, detail and speed in the analyzes.

Was investigated the origin and distribution of the axillary nerve in 30 swine fetuses from the crossing lines of Dan Bred and AGPIC337, 15 males and 15 females, after the fixation of the material in an aqueous solution of formaldehyde in 10%. The axillary nerve originated from c6 and c7 ventral branches in 22 examples (73,33%), 10 females (33,3%) and 12 males (40,00%), and from c5, c6 and c7 in the remaining 8 examples (26,66%), five females (16,66%) and three males (10,00%). Concerning the distribution, the axillary nerve sent branches for the muscles teres minor (100%), deltoid (100%) and the cleidobrachialis part of the brachiocephalic muscle (100%). In all cases this nerve sent a branch for the fascia and the skin of cranial region from arm and forearm. That branch is the cranial cutaneous branch from the forearm. No significant differences were found both for the origin and for the distribution of the axillary nerve in relation to the gender and antimere of the animals.

The objective of this study was to perform the isolation and identification of proteins of sperm nuclear matrix of a pig breeder. It was used pre-chilled diluted boar semen obtained from an apparently healthy breeder boar, with normal morphology and chromatin condensation tests, from a commercial line landrace X large white X pietran, with 22 weeks of age, usually used in an artificial insemination central, located in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. The semen was processed to separate the sperm heads, extraction of chromatin and nuclear matrix, protein quantification and analysis by mass spectrometry (Equipment LTQ-Orbitrap Elite). The most abundant family corresponded of ribosomal proteins (18%), followed by uncharacterized (15,6%), cytoskeleton (11,4%), histones (3,8%), proteasome subunits (2,8% ) and heat shock (1,9%). The other proteins were grouped into other families and corresponded to 46,5% of total proteins described. Were identified 211 different proteins in the sample and 149 of these (70,7%) have been described previously as present in the somatic or sperm nucleus of other species, 29 (13,7%) did not have nuclear presence previously described and 33 (15,6%) have not been characterized. Protamine 2 was first identified in swine, however protamine 1 has not been described. It follows that the proteins isolation of the nuclear matrix of swine spermatozoid was satisfactory, showing that the protocol used was efficient. Some protein families have been identified and described. However it was not possible to identify some protein structures. Therefore this study contributes to a catalog of protein structures that may be useful in future proteomics studies.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of thermal environment than two regions of the Brazilian Cerrado on physiological parameters and hair coat characteristics of Nelore cows and cows from the cross Araguaia race. It was evaluated 80 Nellore cows and 40 cows from the crossing Araguaia race in February and July: 40 Nellore and 40 Araguaia in Santa Rita farm, at Torixoréu-MT, and 40 Nellore cows in Capim Branco farm, at Uberlândia-MG. The physiological parameters evaluated were respiratory rate, surface temperature, rectal and epidermis. The hair coat characteristics were coat thickness, length, number and inclination of hair (IP). These were compared using the Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and the correlations were estimated by the Pearson method. Comparing the Nellore cattle between the two regions was observed that temperature of the body surface and the epidermis did not differ in two periods and areas surveyed, except for a reduction in the body surface temperature in July at Uberlândia. This breed showed no difference in rectal temperature between two periods of the year, but in February, the value found in Uberlândia was lower than that obtained in Torixoréu. Respiratory rate of Nellore cows from Uberlândia was higher in February compared with July. The hair coat thickness and the inclination of hair had no difference between the periods of collection, but differed by region. The variable number of hair had no difference between the regions in the two periods, except in February in the region of Torixoréu, where animals showed low for the number of hair compared to other regions and periods of year. When comparing Nellore cattle with animals from the Araguaia race it was not observed difference (P>0.05) between the rectal, surface and epidermis temperatures in different breeds and periods. Respiratory rate of Araguaia rce was higher in July. The coat thickness and number of hair showed no significant difference between the animals, being observed a reduction in the number of hair in February. It was also observed that the Araguaia race showed a greater length of hair compared to Nellore and a lowest inclination of hair in February. The two regions influenced the most of hair coat characteristics and physiological parameters of Nellore cows in both periods, but the animals maintained body temperature within the average for the breed, demonstrating the adaptation of animals to the Cerrado. It can also be concluded that the Araguaia race, despite having two European breeds in the genetic composition, has thermoregulation characteristics similar to Nellore.

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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of retained placenta (RP) and subclinical endometritis (ES) between 30 to 80 days postpartum, the correlation between the two diseases and its relationship with the reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows. We evaluated 462 calvings of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein/Gir). The occurrence of RP is regarded as the failure to eliminate the placenta from 12 hours after the expulsion of the fetus. The endometrial samples were collected between 30 and 80 days postpartum, using the method of \"cytobrush\", the blade were stained and analyzed by microscopy. ES case was considered the presence of more than 5% of neutrophils in each blade. The reproductive performance was evaluated by the percentage of animals that injure pregnant women in the first IA and before 150 days postpartum. Data were analyzed by chi-square test with the help of the InStat program. The prevalence of PR was 14.94% and ES was 27.49%. The occurrence of RP did not affect the prevalence of ES (P>0.05). The occurrence of dystocia increased the prevalence of RP (P<0.05), but did not affect the incidence of ES (P>0.05). The time of year did not influence the RP (P>0.05), however calving cows in the rainy months had a higher prevalence of ES (P<0.05). The ES did not affect the reproductive performance of cows, but the occurrence of RP negative effect on reproductive performance, cows who had the disease had service period higher (P < 0.05) and required more IA to pregnant ( P < 0.05 ).

It was evaluated the feasibility of the transport and cultivation in portable incubator of embryos produced in vitro by 24, 48 and 72 hours by assessing blastocyst rates and conception of the respective embryos. In vitro production of embryos obtained blastocyst rate of 18.19%, 22.28% and 22.72% in transport-cultivation for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively, with statistical difference for transport-cultivation by 24 hours. The results of conception rate after 30 and 60 days was similar on all days of cultivation and transportation of embryos, yielding rate 44.51%, 42.82% and 44.66% at 30 days post ET in 24, 48 and 72 hours of transportation and cultivation, respectively, and 41.12%, 40.99% and 42.42% at 60 days post ET in 24, 48 and 72 hours of transportation and cultivation, respectively. The transport and cultivation of embryos for 24, 48 or 72 hours before the transfer in portable incubators, were viable, regarding the conception rate, however the rate of blastocyst production was lower when transport and cultivation occurred for 24 hours.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a bacterium that can live a long time in appropriate environmental conditions. Biofilms are aggregations of microorganisms, has a defined architecture, and provides an ideal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells, beyond to providing protection, temperature resistance and antimicrobial. As it happens with other spirochetes, the leptospira can change their morphology according to environmental changes, and these changes include the formation of biofilms. However are few research with biofilms produced by Leptospira spp, especially on isolated from clinical frames. The aim of this study was evaluate biofilm formation by four clinical isolates of Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae e Canicola. For evaluation of biofilms in vitro and antimicrobial susceptibility, the following tests were performed: adhesion test on polystyrene plate, quantification of protein and polysaccharide, test for minimum inhibitory concentration with three antimicrobials drugs and three different doses. For visualization of the formed biofilm was performed confocal laser microscopy. In the adhesion test on polystyrene plate, all isolates were strongly adhered, characterized as having more polysaccharide than protein. In this research, tests shown that the isolated pathogenic of Leptospira spp has formed biofilm, and they possess antimicrobial resistance to high doses of antibiotics that are used routinely in animal and human clinical.

38 PIVs carried through in two laboratories of the Uberaba MGBRASIL had been used in this work with the objective to evaluate the relationship between condensation chromatin and head morphometry of spermatozoa and cleavages and blastocyst formation rates using semen of zebu bulls with normal routine tests of fertility. Smears of semen stained with of Toluidine Blue and computer image analysis had been used to evaluate the morphometry and chromatin condensation. Area (A), perimeter (P), width (L), length (C), width:length ratio (L/C), ellipticity (E), shape factor (FF), side symmetry (SL), anterior-posterior symmetry (SAP) and the three first Fourier values (F0, F1, F2) had been evaluated in the morphometric analysis. The chromatin was evaluated in relation to intensity of condensation and homogeneity. The results allowed concluding that the influence of light variations in the sperm head morphometry and the chromatin condensation on the cleavage and number of normal morfologic blastocyst in the PIV is small.

Leptospirosis is a disease of great economic impact on livestock as well as being an important zoonosis that affects several animal species. Several serotypes can infect cattle, inducing or no clinical manifestations thus clinical diagnosis is inconclusive, requiring the help of laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. may or may not induce clinical manifestations clinical diagnosis is not conclusive, requiring support of laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. The Microagglutination test (MAT) is considered as standard by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) but has some limitations and their interpretation can be suggestive. Some tests in order to detect anti-Leptospira immunoglobulins are being developed in order to replace it or supplement it, as ELISA and PCR. They can act as allies in animal tracking, because they are more sensitive and specific tests, increasing the quality of the diagnostic procedure. The aim of this research is to evaluate the occurrence of infection in two properties, with and without history of leptospirosis with support of MAT, ELISA and PCR. For this were analyzed 48 cows, of these 20 (41.66%) were positive in MAT, with antibody titers equal or greater to 100, 12 urine samples were selected for PCR analysis are all considered negative to the test. To complement the results, three ELISAs, each employing different antigens to detect antibodies in cattle sera, these being: L.interrogans serovar Hardjo, L.interrogans serovar Hebdomadis and a pool with six serotypes have been developed. They presented as sensitivity, 90%, 70%, and 20% respectively, and a specificity of 67, 10%, 80, 26%, 89, 47%. Except the ELISA / pool, all have reached a good agreement with the standard test and good reproducibility. In conclusion, it is always important to relate two or more diagnostic tests, associated with the clinical diagnostic, to increase the effectiveness of the results.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico