Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Las hidroeléctricas producen la mayor parte de la electricidad consumida en el país con incentivos estatales para construir más plantas. Las hidroeléctricas causan efectos al medio ambiente y a las comunidades desalojadas de sus propiedades. Este estudio fue realizado con los campesinos tradicionales de Palmatuba (Babaçulandia/TO). Este local fue afectado por las aguas de la Hidroeléctrica del Estreito (UHEE), ubicada en el río Tocantins, en la frontera de los estados de Tocantins y Maranhão, en los municipios de Aguiarnópolis y Estreito, respectivamente. Por causa de las dudas sobre la reterritorialización, el objetivo general de esta pesquisa fue comprender la actuación del Estado y de la política energética en el desalojamiento de propiedades de la comunidad de Palmatuba por la Usina Hidrelétrica Estreito (UHEE). Metodológicamente, el estudio se realizó desde la perspectiva de la investigación cualitativa. Se aplicó el guión de entrevistas conteniendo preguntas abiertas y cerradas sobre: identificación, histórico familiar, producción, rendimiento e impactos del emprendimiento a las 26 familias desalojadas de sus territorios. El guión de entrevistas se aplicó en abril y mayo de 2010. La categoría social de análisis fue el campesino tradicional. Palmatuba fue oficialmente considerada barrio urbano de Babaçulândia, pero las características rurales y el ambiente ribereño al río Tocantins definieron esta clase social. La categoría territorio y su relación con el lugar y el paisaje anclaron la pesquisa en los términos geográficos. El territorio, el lugar y el paisaje se relacionaron y se entendió que el territorio, mismo siendo principal, necesitaría apoyo para explicar el sentido de pertenencia y el cambio del paisaje del lugar. Palmatuba tuvo una historia de 70 a 80 años, adjunta al río Tocantins, a la arcilla, a la tierra y al coco babasú como actividades económicas desarrolladas en el local. El coco babasú fue destacado y tenía la Asociación de las Rompedoras de Coco Babasú (AQCB), trabajando con la artesanía. Las dificultades enfrentadas por los habitantes de esta ciudad fueron muchas, mismo así, después de un año del desalojo de sus propiedades, muchos de ellos regresaron al lugar. No hubo reasentamiento y la carta de crédito fue la opción del Consorcio Estreito Energía (CESTE). Muchas familias buscaron por cuenta propia los nuevos hogares. Actualmente estos afectados tienen dificultades para pagar alquiler, para relacionarse con vecinos, además de otros problemas. Muchas personas son ancianas y están adjuntas a las memorias del pasado. Los antiguos vecinos se dispersaron y cinco familias viven en área rural como en los reasentamientos Victoria Regia y Costa Rica, localizados en los municipios de Aragominas y Wanderlândia y 22 residen en área urbana, muchas de ellas en la ciudad de Araguaina (TO). Existen cambios en el modo de vida, surgieron otros paisajes y territorialidades y el sentido de lugar por reconstruir por causa de las dudas sobre la reterritorialización.

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, most common among humans. Over the past years, has become an important public health problem worldwide. The geographical distribution of vectors and viruses led to the global resurgence of the epidemical and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic, which is affecting mainly the adult population. Since 1993, yearly outbreaks of dengue occur in Uberlândia, MG. The interventions at the urban space, caused by the rapid growth of the city throughout recent years intensified the pressures on the natural environment, enhancing the negative effects of determinants and conditions of dengue epidemiological chain. The present study aimed to analyze the distribution of dengue through time and space in urban area of Uberlândia, establishing comparisons, identifying possible factors physical/chemical, biological and social environmental that includes the disease and its dynamics; also to analyze the possible association rates of infection and infestation with selected environmental variables, including temperature, air relative humidity, rainfall, population density, household density, as well as the level of knowledge and community participation at Martins neighborhood in the actions in order to control dengue. The epidemiological situation of dengue was determined by the incidence of disease and infestation by Aedes aegypti, with reference data from the years 2003 to 2010, obtained from the Uberlândia Department of Health. The zoning of the study area was conducted through a graphical analysis of the distribution of neighborhoods in the urban area (mapping). The division of the city into sectors occurred the same way as the new model of integrated neighborhoods. Each sector included ten spatial units (corresponding to neighborhoods and/or integrated neighborhoods). We applied statistical methods nonparametric, with a significance level of 0.05 and the technique of triangulation of methods, combining questionnaire, interview and observation. There was significant difference of dengue coefficients during the study period. Regarding space, the dengue incidence was significantly different throughout the years of study, with rotation of higher levels between sectors and districts, with the highest rates has occurred in the neighborhoods of Central sectors, North and West. The dengue coefficients, higher in the years 2003 to 2010 were repeated in neighborhoods Martins, Daniel Fonseca, Brasil, Umuarama, Morumbi, Custódio Pereira, Luizote de Freitas, Planalto/Jaraguá, Jardim das Palmeiras, Tocantins, Tubalina, Santa Luzia, Presidente Roosevelt, Nossa Senhora das Graças e Pacaembu. At Martins surroundings, there was a permanent source of dengue, with reported cases in all months over the eight years of study. There was significant difference in the incidence of dengue among seasons, being higher in the rainy seasons however there was a significant increase in incidence during the dry seasons during the study period. There was significant difference of infestation of Aedes aegypti across sectors and districts, with isolated foci with high vector density in dry seasons, especially in districts of northern and western sectors. Multiple correlations were found among infection and infestation often contradictory to the installation of an infectious process. There was a correlation of infection and infestation with relative humidity, population density and household density and infestation of Aedes aegypti related to rainfall. The problems of poor housing infrastructure, unoccupied areas and the lack of a health policy of education focusing on rescuing citizenship, were undoubtedly the main determinants for the reproduction of Aedes aegypti at Martins neighborhood. The interviewed population at Martins neighborhood proved to be very skeptical in dengue prevention work focused on eliminating breeding places of Aedes aegypti mosquito, and mainly due to the contradictions between hard work and the methods used in vector control and the high incidence of dengue in the neighborhood. It is concluded that the epidemiological situation of dengue fever in Uberlândia, MG is very complex, with multiple maintaining factors of infection, which requires a review of the strategies adopted for controlling dengue in the city and the use of social and environmental indicators to measure the dengue risk epidemic. Another relevant factor in the effective fight against dengue is to recognize the importance of closer coordination of the activities of epidemiological and entomological surveillance, as well as to continue the relentless and continuous environmental health surveillance.

The Federal University of Uberlândia (in Portuguese Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU), while dealing with environmental issues in the academic and administrative areas since the decade of 1990, performed some environmental actions disjointed and without an environmental management system. But this scenario begins to change. In 2011 it is established the Directorate of environmental sustainability and the drafting of a proposal for environmental policy for academic and administrative activities which are related to the environment and sustainability. The present work rescues the main theoretical and conceptual integration of environmental issues in higher education institutions and presents previous and current contributions of the UFU, as well the process of creation of the Directorate of environmental sustainability and the development of projects, socializing the difficulties, challenges and achievements for implementation of environmental management at this University.

This study was conducted at the experimental station of Fazenda do Glória , Uberlândia- MG. The objective was to evaluate the use of alternative, low cost recovery of gullies with revegetation and plant barriers. Gully is the most advanced stage of erosion processes and its recovery is a challenge, especially in the condition of emerged water table. The surveys were divided into five aiming tests: 1. Monitoring and determining the percentage of soil humidity within the canal. 2. Evaluating the behavior of Gliricidia sepium growth in two environments: in a gully with emerged water table and off the gully in Cerrado. 3. Evaluating the performance of Gliricidia sepium planted directly in the field from cuttings, in a gully, having the substrate as variable. 4. Evaluating the establishment of native species (Cytharexyllum myrianthum, Erythrina mulungu, Inga floribundus and Croton uruguensis) within a gully, in comparison with exotic species (Gliricidia sepium). 5. Monitoring the barriers established by bioengineering and Gliricidia sepium, the establishment of seedlings and the barrier contribution during a rainy season. Soil physico-chemical analyzes were carried out within the canal and the Cerrado. The species monitoring was carried out by monthly phytometric evaluations (plant height, crown width and stem diameter) and photographic records. The surveys were conducted between April 2009 and October 2011, using SISVAR program for statistical analysis. Data were submitted to ANAVA (Proc. SISVAR), applying Scott-Knott test to the treatment averages. It was observed that: the rainy season is directly related to the gully growth; soil humidity in the canal follows the rains, remaining high even after the rainy season; soil water is ruled by rainfall that regulates subsurface water flowing in the research area; Gliricidia sepium shows itself promising for recovery of gullies that have soil humidity levels ranging from 10% to 30% during the year; the species has presented good ability to adapt in the Cerrado area at the Triângulo Mineiro; Gliricidia sepium produced from cuttings has not presented significant difference on its growth regarding the substrate within the gully; Cytharexyllum myrianthum and Croton floribundus have presented very low growth and survival averages, not being indicated for planting in gullies with emerged water table; the native Inga uruguensis and Erythrina mulungu responded positively to the gully environmental conditions with high survival rate; the barriers were effective in energy dissipation and containment of sediment assessed in a wet season; one year after implantation, Gliricidia showed 71.02% survival in the barriers; the use of Gliricidia sepium interspersed with bamboo is a viable possibility of living barrier for use in gullies with emerged water table in the first year evaluation.

Considering the geography textbooks as one of the places of historical and ideological discourse of geographical thought in Brazil, instituting the history of this science, the thesis aim to understand the didactic bibliography of geography, its history and thought, between 1810 s and the 1930 s, through the constitutive description of the trajectory and the analysis of the Geography textbook and the discourses of their subjects. It was considered Discourse Analysis, History of School Subjects and Curriculum History as theoretical-methodological to grasp the geography teaching for research subject. The bibliography systematized data on 276 books, 510 editions, written by 183 authors. The first manifestations of Geography discipline as independent discipline emerged an in superior education in the curriculum of some early science courses introduced in Brazil in the context of Royal Military Academy (1810) formation, so the geography began to be studied in independent courses, marking this process the emergence of textbooks in the early 1820s, being introduced permanently in the curriculum of the Colégio Pedro II from 1837. The geography teaching, with an intensity variation along its trajectory, assumed a cultural, a national and a scientific paper in the context of Brazilian education. The didactic discourses of Geography, since its inception, enrolled in Geography modern classic, emerging in the eighteenth century, understanding the structure of the Physical Geography, the Political Geography and Cosmography as aspects of its organization, a model which, at the end nineteenth century, began to show signs of exhaustion. The 1920s were a watershed for the teaching of Geography and the its didactic literature. The \"modern lines\" of geography, coupled with the feeling of fatigue as measured by descriptive geography, the reorientation of the education aims contribute to compose a new framework for teaching geography. The examination of the literature allowed the monitoring of the formation and development of geography as a school subject. Demonstrated its content violated its auxiliary function, implicit in the teaching of this knowledge to channel a unique composition, giving voice to a discipline formed, with place and responsibilities in the school between the kingdom and the first republic . It was also possible to examine issues such as authorship, authority, discipline legitimacy, the relationship of the texts with the proposed curriculum, the question of sources and translations, fronts positions tradition, the teaching methodology and teacher training, the question nationality, and others perceived as regularities in the dispersion of the geography didactic discourse.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This research analyzes the interventions developed for the territorial and political consolidation of the Tocantins State (Brazil) through the creation and construction of Palmas. The first aim of the thesis set out the deductions made for the process of Goiás territorial redivision to the creation of the Tocantins State. The second objective examined the strategies realized to creation and construction of Palmas. The third objective examined how the Palmas policies of occupation were strategically used by the first government to consolidate the political group led by Siqueira Campos. The most significant initiatives to the separation of northern Goiás began with the urbanization policy of the empty spaces in the region north of the country, established by President Getúlio Vargas in the 1930s with the implementation of the program March to the West. Thus, we analyze the creation of Goiania and Brasilia as references for understanding the consolidation and occupation political of the northern region by urban growth. The construction of these cities and the expansion of mobility and access between the Goiás State and the northern region were analyzed as political objects used by separatist groups in the north of Goiás, to the creation of the Tocantins State, in 1988. The procedures used to structure the sculling of State by the governor of the Tocantins State were analyzed as one of the procedures to justify the construction of a city to be the administrative headquarters of the State. Following, we discuss interventions used by the government to adapt the urban planning and public enterprises to the state political and economic changes underway, and indirect and direct reflection of the territorial capital. With these interventions, the government has made clearer the goals of creating and building Palmas policy setting forth the identity of the town.

The urban expansion phenomenon seen from an economic development point of view, linked to its disorganized and dispersed growth, is found into Brazil cities reality. This paper investigated these phenomenon relations under the economic, social, environmental, legal and political points of view, understanding the importance of this subject under the sustainable cities perspective, and it came up with strategies that can become innovative solution to Palmas and to its expansion control, in the light of nationals and local plans, when urban development is concerned. This study was formulated once was noticed that the urban dispersion phenomenon has been installed in Palmas and the housing market keeps expanding the urban perimeter of the city. This work aim to analyze the consequences of this phenomenon in the theoretical and practical fields, created when a new urban order was recognized in our country. It will be done under the contemporary constitutionalism and from the standpoint of territorial ordering laws and rules, in the effort to criticize the current way of managing the public tools democratically. This paper was justified due to its contribution in the sustainable urbanization implementing analysis, for discussing critically the uses of participatory management and the other propositions presented, which were extracted from a historical perspective based on the original plan of Palmas city, participative discussion about the subject and from actions accomplished by the daily praxis, in an effort to reinforce the importance of a healthy discussion when disputing a territory, attempting to reduce the need of law in this kind of issues. This study focused in the possible sustainability of Palmas, in contradiction to the territorial cohesion showed by the disordered urban growth, although its urban planning was based on traditional models. The applied methodology consisted into a continuous feedback among all the concepts related to the urban concepts and Palmas territorial discussions empiric observations, introducing them into the idea of a possible new reality for the city. Concluding, it was noticed that for economic and political reasons, the managers do not take control on the expansion of the city. All the discussions about the Master Plan of cities, usually end in disagreement and go straight to the judicial system, letting clear how fragile the management is when trying to using its tools. It is noticeable the lack of technical preparation and the absence of a right environment when looking to overcome the conflicts among those who are interested in make sure they will have their land slice into the urban space. As a result, this study showed that the strategies used unidirectional effort and wide local discussion about the phenomenon were considered of first order to avoid the political impositions of a disordered growth of the city. The paper presented proposals, considering the particularities of the present and the legacy from the past, indicating possibilities for a new urbanization reality in Palmas.

This work analyzes the peasant community Pedra Lisa that constitutes one of the 21 sub-regions of the Quirinópolis‟ borough, predominantly the small farms and the activity with dairy cattle. There are families that are in the Pedra Lisa for over forty years, having built their lives and social relationships in this place. In this peasant existence there are conjugations social practices of other times, with incorporation of most modern technologies, in the perspective of an economy of the work and reduction of the human effort, in the household chores, as well as the facilities in the intercommunication and information on a larger scale. For this reason, the research, in the community Pedra Lisa, established its methodological paths composed of a theoretical referential on the themes discussed in the thesis and the empirical work, for knowledge of the reality experienced in the quotidian of the subjects surveyed. The investigation in field, conducted in different stages, through interviews, with annotations in field diary, established by insertion in the community, seeking to experience part of the socio-cultural practices in the place Pedra Lisa and record facts and landscapes from the photography. The objective of this research was to list the peasants values that still exist in the place Pedra Lisa, witnessing a historical memory, preserving identities of the past, made up of people and things, tangible and intangible elements. Thus, its territories also remain present, in a process of coexisting with the modern territories. This way, if their social practices still remain is because they are strong for the social groups that constitute them, leveraging its (re) existence. The research results were distributed into six chapters: the first and the second chapters portray, in descriptive and analytical form, the physical and cultural landscapes and the interrelationships with the lifestyles of the Cerrado‟s peasant and the agribusiness, indicating the possibility of the space isn‟t a being handled only by that hold financial resources, since the landscape revealed, from the place, allows the identification of forms and peasants territorial ties; the third chapter, is a reflection about the different social logics, identified in the place, especially, the peasantry and the of the agribusiness, analyzing the different social logics between the coexistences and its contradictions; the fourth chapter provides a discussion around the concepts of territory and territorial bonds that the peasants keep with the place, emphasizing their social practices with the dimension of the territorial ties and the means of the peasants of the Pedra Lisa if relate to their diverse institutions; the fifth chapter, discusses the relationship between the ways of peasant life and the modernity, in order to study the identification of the subjects involved, space/temporally, in the process of reoccupation of the Cerrado, trying to understand the social condition of the milk producers of the Pedra Lisa, face the transformations of the economic modernity and policies imposed on this place; and the sixth chapter, extend the place lived of the peasant of the Pedra Lisa community that continues to exist in a changing space.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The main objective of this study is to understand the main responsible factors for the spread of the epidemic of VL in Araguaína / TO. The survey was conducted from an extensive literature review, photographic records, use of satellite images, interviews and questionnaires with the population, agents to combat endemic diseases, reporter on televised media as well as through information and data available on the Internet as a database DATASUS. The main source of information about the number of cases and their distribution in Araguaína were provided by the Leishmaniasis Management Center in Palmas. The triple burden of diseases that the city has faced, combined to poor conditions of the population lifestyle are factors that contribute to spread the VL epidemic. The lack of urban infrastructure, the accumulation of garbage and household conditions, the high rate of animals like dogs, chickens and horses without the due health care can be contributing to the epidemic situation at the present. The mode of life and habits of the most population, the sprawl of the city that has advanced among the natural habitat of the mosquito that transmits the LV is another factor that contributes to the current state of the epidemic. One of the measures to minimize the situation was implanted the distribution of pet collars impregnated with insecticide repellents, however, the areas with the highest rates were not included, demonstrating the lack of discretion about the distribution of collars. It is necessary to carry out some joint activities with various municipal departments, approaching together to the population and searching the due health care, improving their quality of life.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

In order to understand the dominant concept of landscape today among and within the various sciences, as well as in arts, philosophy and common sense, it is interesting to study their history both temporally and spatially and also how societies in their intimacy have seen it with their own eyes. Thus, we will investigate the urban landscape reality Araguaína - TO, verifying their cultural traits inherited from their ancestors, through photographs and interviews with some of its residents. Authors such as Maximiano, Santos, Carlos, Venturi, Leite, Tuan, Landim, Razaboni, Corrêa, Marchezini, Bertrand, Damiani e Relph, among others, are of fundamental importance concerning the theoretical basis of the subject under discussion, especially in the first chapter. In the first chapter the methodology will deal basically with qualitative research, which will guide the thesis itself. In the second chapter we will aim at discussing the construction of Tocantins territory and its landscapes from the scenario created by mining evidenced in Goiás lands in the eighteenth century (its golden period) as well as through decadence. The alternatives found for extensive cattle breeding as a form of survival of its population and the marks printed on the construction of its landscapes and the territorial consolidation of Tocantins. For such purpose we highlight the works of the following authors: Lira, Assis, Aquino, Valverde, Martins, Duarte, Ferrari, Mesquita, Vinhal, Ajara, Parente, Cavalcante and Vesentini to understand the historical process of Tocantins territorial formation, throwing light on the federal public policies that acted directly in this spatial organization, such as the government plans, the construction of Goiania, Brasilia and major highways. The main objective of Chapter III is to understand the urban landscape of Araguaína as part of an entire historical, economical, ethical and cultural process of organization of this space, through interviews with the population. Throughout chapter IV the obstacles and the roughness of the urban development of Araguaína and its landscapes will be discussed. Problems such as high walls, pits in the sidewalks, appropriation of public space for private use, lack of urban forestry, urban fires, the issue of urban mobility and lack of accessibility to people with special needs will be addressed under the light of theory and also half of the interviewees\' statements. Finally, in the concluding remarks we will provide the city planners some urban proposals with greater sustainability.

A part of the study was the analysis of soils which refers to texture, moisture, density, porosity and penetration resistance, as these soils properties influence the infiltration capacity and erosive susceptibility. The study evaluated the variation in water table using two monitoring wells. Other items were evaluated and analyzed, such as the climatological water balance, which required temperature and precipitation data from 2010 to 2012; assessment of soil erodibility by Universal Soil Loss by Laminar Erosion Equation (USLE); evaluation and some morphometric analysis factors of the basin, such as maximum and minimum height, massiveness orographic coefficient, superficial extension length, drainage density, level of rugosity, maintenance coefficient and average declivity. Other physical parameters were evaluated to integrate and comprehend the dynamic of water in the basin; among them the declivity classes in the area, the type of relief and the use and occupation of land can be mentioned. The hydrographic basin used in this study has an area of 10 km2 and is situated in the Northern area of Iporá which borders with the municipality of Diorama on the West of Goiás State. In the basin predominates soft wavy relief, the predominant declivity is between 0 and 6%. The loss of soil by erosion is less than 2 ton.ha.year in most part of the basin. Rainfall is concentrated between the months of September and March, with a dry season from April to August. The rainfall erosive capacity is of 997 ton.ha.Mj.mm. The average hydraulic conductivity of the soil is 10-5 m/s both in surface and in depth. The texture of soils used for the infiltration varied from loamy to very loamy, the density in the soils on granite was superior lightly the one of the soils on alkaline rocks. The total porosity is lightly larger in the soils developed in alkaline rocks, but when statisticment analyzed, both are same, happening the same with the resistance of the soil to the penetration, that was below 2500 kPa, that is the strip limits for impediment to the growth of the roots. The capacity of medium infiltration for all the analyzed soils was of 10-5 m/s, in other words, high value the moderate so much for the superficial infiltration, as for the infiltration in depth. The contribution area for recharge of the water table is 26% of the basin where soils prevail well developed, of texture predominantly loamy. It prevails in the basin an water table with good storage capacity and supply.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The territory serves as an indicator of the quality in which the State manages land use. Based on the concepts of planning, spatial planning and transportation planning, seen from the perspective of the State action, and understanding the transport networks as a key element in the organization of the territory, we described the importance of transport in the Brazilian historical and spatial constitution. Considering elements and characteristics of the Brazilian territory at the beginning of the 21th century, as well as transport networks data, public policies and State institutions responsible for its management, we aimed at describing and understanding the recent performance of the Brazilian State in transport planning from the perspective of spatial planning. As a point of comparison, we studied European transport policies, as well as its recent performance, particularly the Portuguese case, enabling us to trace points of convergence and divergence in relation to the Brazilian case.

This paper reports the study of soils contaminated with mineral insulating oil in order to propose remediation processes that are best suited to them. The processes of soil treatment methods involve physical, chemical and biological, and in many cases necessary combination thereof. The proper study of the effects that can be caused by the contamination of the soil above a classification comprising aspects such as adsorption desorption processes, leaching, solubilization, among others. Contaminated soils were used in the Triangulo Mineiro region, the classification being conducted following the procedures described by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), NBR 10004, NBR 10005, NBR 10006 and NBR 10007. From the obtained results it can be seen that the extent of contamination is limited to the area necessary to saturate the soil in the oil. Under the experimental conditions determined by Brazilian standards contamination is confined to this area, there are no processes and leaching significant. These results propose a great possibility that these remediation for contaminated soils can be implemented in the actual contaminated site without commitment and leaching processes that lead to environmental commitment.